National Congress (Pakistan and Bangladesh) - Revision history

MDPOliva97: added references

2024-08-29T14:21:54Z

added references

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-{{Infobox political party
+#REDIRECT [[Pakistan National Congress]]
- |name              = Pre-1973: Pakistan National Congress <br /> {{lang|ur|پاکستان نیشنل کانگریس}} <br /> {{lang|bn|পাকিস্তান জাতীয় কংগ্রেস}} <br /><br /> Post-1973: Bangladesh Jatiya (National) Congress <br /> {{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় কংগ্রেস}}
- |logo              =
+{{Redirect category shell|
- |colorcode         = {{party color|National Congress (Pakistan and Bangladesh)}}
+{{R from move}}
 }}

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-27T13:42:56Z

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{{Infobox political party
|name = Pre-1973: Pakistan National Congress {{lang|ur|پاکستان نیشنل کانگریس}} {{lang|bn|পাকিস্তান জাতীয় কংগ্রেস}} Post-1973: Bangladesh Jatiya (National) Congress {{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় কংগ্রেস}}
|logo =
|colorcode = {{party color|National Congress (Pakistan and Bangladesh)}}
|founder = As ''Indian National Congress'': [[Allan Octavian Hume]] [[Dadabhai Naoroji]] [[Dinshaw Edulji Wacha|Dinshaw Wacha]]
|president = Assembly members:<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Rahman |editor-first=Hasan Hafizur |year=1992 |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ দলিলপত্র |trans-title=Bangladesh Independence War Documents |url=https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/পাতা:বাংলাদেশের_স্বাধীনতা_যুদ্ধ_দলিলপত্র_(প্রথম_খণ্ড).pdf/৪৪২ |volume=1 |publisher=Ministry of Information |page=442}}</ref> [[Basanta Kumar Das (Pakistani politician)|Basanta Kumar Das]] [[Bhupendra Kumar Datta]] Konteswar Barman Peter Paul Gomez
 1971: [[Manoranjan Dhar]]<ref>{{cite news |title=From the Archives (September 10, 1971): Bangla Desh parties demand independence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/from-the-archives-september-10-1971-bangla-desh-parties-demand-independence/article36387467.ece |work=The Hindu |date=10 September 2021}}</ref>
|ppchairman =
|foundation = As ''Indian National Congress'': {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1885|12|28}}
|headquarters =
|publication =
|students =
|youth =
|women =
|labour =
| wing4_title =
| wing4 =
|membership =
|ideology = [[Social democracy]] [[Democratic socialism]] [[Social liberalism]] [[Gandhian socialism]] [[Secularism]] [[Progressivism]]
|international =
|colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Sky blue]]
|position = [[Centre-left]]
|alliance =
| seats1_title = 1st [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|11|69|{{party color|National Congress (Pakistan and Bangladesh)}}}}
| seats2_title = [[East Bengal Legislative Assembly]] (1954)
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|28|309|{{party color|National Congress (Pakistan and Bangladesh)}}}}
|symbol = [[File:Bangladesh National Congress logo.svg|BJC party symbol|125px]] ''Pitcher''
|country = Pakistan
|country2 = Bangladesh
}}
The '''Pakistan National Congress''' (PNC), later known as the '''Bangladesh National Congress''', was a political party that mainly represented the [[Hindu]]s, [[Christians]] and other religious minorities in [[Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Major governments of Asia|author=George McTurnan Kahin, Harold C. Hinton|publisher=[[Cornell University]] Press|pages=439|year=1958}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite book|title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations: Asia and Australasia|author=Moshe Y. Sachs|publisher=Worldmark Press|year=1967}}</ref> The party championed [[secularism]] in the Muslim-dominated state, and its electoral and organisational strength was mainly based in [[East Bengal]] (also known as [[East Pakistan]], now the independent state of [[Bangladesh]]).<ref name="A"/><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh|author=Richard Sisson, Leo E. Rose|publisher=University of California Press|pages=1–15|year=1991|isbn=978-0-520-07665-5}}</ref>

==Background==
The Pakistan National Congress traces its roots to the [[Indian National Congress]], which was the largest national political party in India.<ref name="A"/><ref name="B"/> The Indian National Congress, led by [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] championed secularism, [[composite nationalism]], religious tolerance and opposed the [[Pakistan movement]] led by the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]. However, ensuing communal conflict led to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan from Muslim-majority provinces. The religious violence and mass migration as a result of partition significantly reduced the Hindu, Sikh and non-Muslim population of Pakistan. The leaders and activists of the Indian National Congress who continued to live in Pakistan joined with the representatives of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Christian communities to form a new political party, the Pakistan National Congress.<ref name="A"/><ref name="B"/> Although most of them had [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]], the members of the new party accepted the state of Pakistan and did not maintain any organisational links with the Indian National Congress.

==Positions==
The Pakistan National Congress stood for secularism, equality of all religions and citizens and protection of religious and ethnic minorities.<ref name="A"/><ref name="B"/> The party sought peaceful and friendly relations between Pakistan and India. The party was one of many that opposed the suppression of democracy and civil rights by successive military regimes. The Pakistan National Congress also stood against the growth of [[Islamic fundamentalism]] in Pakistani society, politics and government. The party also supported the [[Bengali language movement]] in East Bengal.

===Bengali Language Movement===
{{main|Role of political parties during Bengali Language Movement}}
National Congress was the only party at the opposition side of the house during the movement. In both Legislative Assembly and in [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|Constituent Assembly]] they exposed of the logical position of the language demand. In doing so some of the members were called Indian agents and were harassed by the government. Some leaders were also arrested and one of them was killed inside the jail.<ref>{{Harv|Umar|1979|p=617}}</ref>

==Electoral performance==
While partition riots and mass migration had significantly reduced the Hindu and Sikh population in West Pakistan, Hindus still constituted twenty percent of the population of East Bengal (also East Pakistan).<ref name="C"/> Consequently, the PNC's base and organisation were concentrated in that province of Pakistan. In the [[1954 East Bengali legislative election|1954 elections]] held for the East Bengal Legislative Assembly, the Pakistan National Congress won 28 seats.<ref name="C"/>

==Bangladesh==
After the [[Bangladeshi War of Independence]], the party briefly survived as the Bangladesh National Congress ({{lang-bn|বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় কংগ্রেস}} ''Bangladesh Jatiya Congress'').<ref>February 25, 1975, ''[[The Daily Ittefaq]]'' on Tuesday</ref> The party stood one candidate, Sree Peter Paul Gomez in the [[1973 Bangladeshi general election|1973 election]] for Dacca-25,<ref>http://www.ecs.gov.bd/English/PrintElection.php?&electionid=1&party=13&PartyName=Bagladesh%20Jatiya%20Congress&id=partywise {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> but did not win the seat. The party was dissolved in 1975 after the formation of the [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] as the sole political party of Bangladesh. It is unknown how long the party survived in [[West Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.sachalayatan.com/statuses/615|script-title=bn:সুমন চৌধুরী: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ-পরবর্তী বাংলাদেশে কংগ্রেস ঠিক কীভাবে বিলুপ্ত হলো এটা অ… | Sachalayatan |language=bn}}</ref>

==(Incomplete) List of Congress members in the 1st Constituent Assembly==
===East Bengal===
#[[Prem Hari Barma]]
#[[Raj Kumar Chakraverty]]
#[[Sris Chandra Chattopadhyaya]]
#[[Akhay Kumar Das]]
#[[Dhirendra Nath Datta]]
#[[Bhupendra Kumar Datta]]
#[[Jnanendra Chandra Majumdar]]
#[[Birat Chandra Mandal]]
#[[Sri Dhananjoy M.A. B.L. Roy]]
#[[Maudi Bhakesh Chanda]]
#[[Harendra Kumar Sur]]
#[[Kawivi Kerwar Datta]]

===West Punjab===
#[[Ganga Saran]], Rai Bahadur Lala

== See also ==
* [[Indian Union Muslim League]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Socialist parties in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Nationalist parties in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Secularism in Pakistan]]