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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox university
|name = National Centre for Radio Astrophysics
|image = NCRA logo.png
|image_size = 200px
|type = [[Research]] [[Institution]] [[Astrophysics]]
|director = [[Yashwant Gupta]]<ref name="Brief Profile of the Centre Director-Yashwant Gupta">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/people/Academic_FacultyPage?oid=249 |title=Brief Profile of the Centre Director-Yashwant Gupta |date=2018-03-12 |publisher=NCRA-TIFR, Pune |access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
|location = [[Pune University]] Campus, Ganeshkhind,<br>[[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] - 411007,<br>{{Flag|India}}<br>([https://www.google.com/maps/place/National+Centre+for+Radio+Astrophysics/@18.56046,73.82683,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x3e050aeee826ea Map])
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
|affiliations = [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]<br>[[Department of Atomic Energy|Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India]]<ref name="dae">[http://goidirectory.nic.in/independent_departments.php?ct=54 Academies/Institutions(Grant in Aid)] under [[Department of Atomic Energy|DAE, Govt. of India]]</ref>
|website = [http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ www.ncra.tifr.res.in]
}}

The '''National Centre for Radio Astrophysics''' ('''NCRA''') ([[Hindi]]:राष्ट्रीय रेडियो खगोल भौतिकी केन्द्र) of [[India]] is a [[research institution]] in India in the field of [[radio astronomy]] is located in the [[Pune University]] Campus<ref name="address">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/contact/ncra-pune |title=NCRA Address |access-date=13 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021060714/http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/contact/ncra-pune |archive-date=21 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (just beside [[IUCAA]]), is part of the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], [[Mumbai]], India. NCRA has an active [[research]] program in many areas of [[Astronomy]] and [[Astrophysics]], which includes studies of the [[Sun]], [[Interplanetary scintillation]]s, [[pulsar]]s, the [[Interstellar medium]], [[Active galaxies]] and [[Physical cosmology|cosmology]] and particularly in the specialized field of Radio Astronomy and Radio [[instrumentation]]. NCRA also provides exciting opportunities and challenges in [[engineering]] fields such as [[Analogue electronics|Analog]] and [[Digital Electronics]], [[Signal Processing]], [[Antenna (radio)|Antenna]] Design, [[Telecommunication|Communication]] and [[Software Development]].
NCRA has set up the [[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope]] (GMRT), the world's largest [[telescope]] operating at meter [[wavelength]]s located at [[Khodad]], 80 km from [[Pune]]. NCRA also operates the [[Ooty Radio Telescope]] (ORT), which is a large Cylindrical Telescope located near [[Udhagamandalam]], India.<ref name="home_page">[http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra NCRA Website Home Page]</ref>

{{coord|19.10000|74.05000|type:edu_source:USNO/HMNAO|display=title}}

==History==
The Centre has its roots in the [[Radio Astronomy]] Group of [[TIFR]], set up in the early 1960s under the leadership of [[Govind Swarup]]. The group designed and built the Ooty Radio Telescope. In the early 80's an ambitious plan for a new telescope was proposed - the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. Since the site chosen for this new telescope was close to Pune, a new home for the group was built in the scenic campus of Pune University. The radio astronomy group morphed into the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics around this time.<ref name="hist">[http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/ncra1/history A brief history of NCRA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913032757/http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/ncra1/history |date=13 September 2014 }}</ref>

==Research==
The National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (NCRA-TIFR) is a institute for radio astronomy in India. Research activities at NCRA-TIFR are centered on low frequency radio astronomy, with research in a wide range of areas, including [[solar physics]], [[pulsars]], [[active galactic nuclei]], the interstellar medium, [[supernova remnants]], the [[Galactic Centre]], nearby [[galaxies]], high-[[redshift]] galaxies, Fundamental Constant Evolution, and the [[epoch of reionization]]. NCRA-TIFR has built and operates the largest steerable [[radio telescope]] in the world, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, as well as the Ooty Radio Telescope, and work at the frontiers of astronomy and astrophysics, as well as in instrumentation development.<ref name="ncra_research">[http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/research/research-at-ncra-tifr-1 NCRA Research Areas]</ref><ref name="details_research">[http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/research A Details Description of NCRA Research Areas]</ref>

In April 2019, scientists of the NCRA led by Divya Oberoi published few of the deepest radio images of the sun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/indian-scientists-create-deepest-radio-images-of-sun/|title=Indian scientists create deepest radio images of sun » Northeast Today|date=2019-04-17|website=Northeast Today|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref>

==Research Facilities==
Research facilities of NCRA includes a well-furnished Library both at NCRA and GMRT, Computing Facilities, Radio Physics Laboratory(A joint initiative of NCRA-TIFR and IUCAA) and above all two radio telescopes GMRT and ORT.

===Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT)===
{{Main|Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope}}
NCRA has set up a unique facility for radio astronomical research using the metrewavelengths range of the [[Radio wave|radio spectrum]], known as the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), it is located at a site about 80 km north of Pune. GMRT consists of 30 fully steerable gigantic parabolic dishes of 45m diameter each spread over distances of up to 25 km. GMRT is one of the most challenging experimental programmes in basic sciences undertaken by Indian scientists and engineers. GMRT is a unique instrument which opens up the [[sky]] at the Metrewave range of the [[Electromagnetic spectrum]] and using the technique of [[Aperture synthesis]] allows to make high sensitive maps of the sky.<ref name="gmrt">[http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/gmrt/about-gmrt/introducing-gmrt-1 Introducing GMRT]</ref> The instrument is at par with other radio telescopes in the world like the [[Very Large Array|VLA]] in terms of resolution. It complements VLA at the metre-wavelengths.

===Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT)===
{{Main|Ooty Radio Telescope}}
The Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT, as it is known) is a [[cylindrical]] [[paraboloid]] of reflecting surface, 530 m long and 30 m wide, placed on a hill whose slope of about 11 degree in the north-south direction which is the same as the latitude of the location of ORT. This makes it possible to track [[celestial objects]] for about 10 hours continuously from their rising in east to their setting in the west by simply rotating the antenna mechanically along its long axis. The telescope is operated at 326.5 MHz (a [[wavelength]] of 0.92 m) with 15 MHz usable [[bandwidth (signal processing)|bandwidth]]. The large size of the telescope makes it highly sensitive. It has been designed and fabricated fully indigenously.<ref name="ort">[http://rac.ncra.tifr.res.in/ort.html Radio Astronomy Centre, Ooty]</ref>

===Radio Physics Laboratory===
Radio Physics Laboratory(RPL) is a joint initiative of National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA-TIFR) and [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics]] (IUCAA). It has set up several [[radio antenna]]s in the campus itself. These contain 3-metre and 4-metre radio antennas as well as the construction of a 15-metre antenna in progress. RPL conducts a variety of student training programs including two major annual all India programs - Radio Astronomy Winter School for College students (RAWSC) and Pulsar Observing for Students (POS).<ref name="rpl">[http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/rpl Radio Physics Laboratory]</ref>

==Notable people==
Notable People associated with NCRA :
* [[Govind Swarup]], An Internationally renowned [[Radio Astronomer]] and [[Emeritus Professor]] of the Institute<ref name="swarup">[http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra/people/academic/emeritus-professor/Swarup Prof. Govind Swarup]</ref>
* [[Rajaram Nityananda]], former Director of the Institute
* [[Vijay Kumar Kapahi]], former Director of the Institute
* [[Yashwant Gupta]], radio astronomer and professor of astrophysics<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee-Yashwant Gupta">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=265 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee-Yashwant Gupta |date=2017-10-21 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref>
* [[Nissim Kanekar]], astrophysicist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate<ref name="Biographical Information-Kanekar">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in:8081/~nkanekar/Resume/cv.pdf |title=Biographical Information-Kanekar |date=2017-10-31 |website=National Centre for Radio Astrophysics |access-date=2017-10-31}}</ref><ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee-Nissim Kanekar">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=534 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee-Nissim Kanekar |date=2017-10-21 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref>

==Visiting Students Research Programme==
The Visiting Students Research Programme (VSRP) is a summer programme conducted annually during the summer season by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics.

==See also==
* [[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope]](GMRT)
* [[List of astronomical societies]]
* [[Ooty Radio Telescope]]
* [[Square Kilometre Array]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/ncra Official NCRA Website]
*[https://www.google.com/maps/place/National+Centre+for+Radio+Astrophysics,+Pune+University+Campus,+Ganeshkhind/@18.56046,73.82683,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x3e050aeee826ea NCRA Location] in [[Google Maps]]

{{Centers of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research}}
{{Telescopes and Observatories in India}}
{{radio-astronomy}}
{{Pune topics}}
{{Indian space programme}}
{{Public sector space agencies}}
{{Portal bar|India|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System|Education|Science}}
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[[Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Pune]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Astronomy organizations]]
[[Category:Astrophysics institutes]]
[[Category:Radio telescopes]]
[[Category:Interferometric telescopes]]
[[Category:Astronomical observatories in India]]
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Pune]]
[[Category:Educational institutions in India with year of establishment missing]]

National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - Revision history

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