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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = National Capital Region
| other_name = NCR
| type = Region
| image_map = India NCR locator map.svg
| map_caption = Location of the NCR in India
| image_map1 = National Capital Region (India).svg
| map_caption1 = Map of the National Capital Region
| coordinates = {{coord|28|39|38|N|77|06|32|E|region:IN-DL_type:adm1st_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|States]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]] [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Union territory]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Delhi]]
| established_title = Created
| established_date = 1985<ref name="NCRPBA85"/>
| seat_type = Major cities
| seat = [[Faridabad]], [[Ghaziabad]], [[Gurugram]], [[New Delhi]], [[Noida]]
| leader_title = Regional authority
| leader_name = [[National Capital Region Planning Board]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 55083
| area_footnotes = <ref name="ncrpb">{{Cite web|title=NCR Constituent Areas|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.html|url-status=live|website=National Capital Region Planning Board}}</ref>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="profile"/>{{rp|6}}
| population_total = 46,069,000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| website = {{URL|http://ncrpb.nic.in/}}|
}}

The '''National Capital Region''' ('''NCR''') is a planning region centred upon the National Capital Territory (NCT) of [[Delhi]] in [[India]]. It encompasses Delhi and several districts surrounding it from the states of [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="ncrpb constituents">{{Cite web|title = NCR Constituent Areas|url = http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|website = National Capital Region Planning Board|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224112650/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php |archive-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> The NCR and the associated National Capital Region Planning Board were created in 1985 to plan the development of the region and to evolve ''harmonized policies for the control of land-uses and development of infrastructure'' in the region.<ref name="1985act"/> Prominent cities of NCR include [[Delhi]], [[Faridabad]], [[Ghaziabad]], [[Gurugram]], and [[Noida]].

The NCR is a ''rural-urban'' region, with a population of over 46,069,000 and an [[urbanisation]] level of 62.6%.<ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/Annual%20Report%202014-15.pdf|website=National Capital Region Planning Board|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=26 March 2016|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406160207/http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/Annual%20Report%202014-15.pdf|archive-date=6 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> As well as the cities and towns, the NCR contains ecologically sensitive areas like the [[Delhi Ridge|Aravalli ridge]], forests, wildlife and bird sanctuaries.<ref name="IndExp-Jan14">{{cite web|title=NCR expands, planning lags|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/ncr-expands-planning-lags/|website=The Indian Express|date=18 January 2014|access-date=19 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320053829/http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/ncr-expands-planning-lags/|archive-date=20 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Delhi Extended Urban Agglomeration, a part of the NCR, had an estimated GDP of $370 billion (measured in terms of GDP PPP) in 2015–16.<ref>{{cite web|title=With GDP of $370 billion, Delhi-NCR muscles out Mumbai as economic capital of India|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/with-gdp-of-370-billion-delhi-ncr-muscles-out-mumbai-as-economic-capital-of-india/458742/|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=29 November 2016|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710020202/http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/with-gdp-of-370-billion-delhi-ncr-muscles-out-mumbai-as-economic-capital-of-india/458742/|archive-date=10 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==
The National Capital Region (NCR) and its planning board were created under the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985.<ref name="NCRPBA85">{{cite web|title=Rationale|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/rationale.php|website=ncrpb.nic.in|publisher=NCR Planning Board|quote=The National Capital Region (NCR) in [[India]] was constituted under the NCRPB Act, 1985|access-date=5 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216113422/http://www.ncrpb.nic.in/rationale.php|archive-date=16 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> That 1985 Act defined the NCR as being the whole of Delhi; the Haryana districts of [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Faridabad district|Faridabad]] and [[Sonipat district|Sonipat]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]] (then including [[Jhajjar]] tehsil) and the [[Rewari]] tehsil then in [[Mahendragarh district]]; and the [[Uttar Pradesh]] districts of [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]], [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]], [[Meerut district|Meerut]] (then including [[Baghpat]] tehsil), and [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]] (then including [[Hapur]] tehsil), and some part of the [[Rajasthan]] district of [[Alwar district|Alwar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=NCR Planning Board Act of 1985|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/Act%201985.pdf|date=1985}}</ref><ref name="1985act">{{cite web|title=The Gazette of India, National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/ncrpb_act_1985.pdf|publisher=NCR Planning Board|access-date=5 March 2017|date=1985|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828095834/http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/ncrpb_act_1985.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 1985 boundary of the NCR covered an area of {{convert|34,144|km2}}.<ref name="profile"/>{{rp|3}}

Prior to the creation of the NCR, an area described as the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA) was described in the 1962 Master Plan for Delhi. That plan defined the DMA as comprising the National Capital Territory and the ''ring towns'' of [[Ghaziabad]], [[Faridabad]], [[Ballabhgarh]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Bahadurgarh]] and [[Loni, Ghaziabad|Loni]], also certain rural areas, which had a population of the somewhat less than 2.1 million in 1951.<ref>{{cite web|title=Master Plan for Delhi|url=http://rgplan.org/delhi/MASTER-PLAN-FOR-DELHI_1962.pdf|website=rgplan.org|publisher=Delhi Development Authority|access-date=19 March 2017|date=1 September 1962|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911084529/http://rgplan.org/delhi/MASTER-PLAN-FOR-DELHI_1962.pdf|archive-date=11 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
The following "Master Plan for Delhi", approved in August 1990, added [[Noida]], [[Bahadurgarh]] and the then-proposed township of [[Kundli]] to the DMA, which consequently covered an area of 3,182 km2.<ref>{{cite web|title=Master Plan for Delhi|url=http://www.rgplan.org/delhi/MASTER-PLAN-FOR-DELHI_2.pdf|publisher=Delhi Development Authority|access-date=19 March 2017|page=8|date=August 1990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828154900/http://www.rgplan.org/delhi/MASTER-PLAN-FOR-DELHI_2.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Gautam Budh Nagar district]] was created in 1997 out of the existing NCR districts of Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr. The city of Noida was the location of the new district's headquarters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brief Industrial Profile of Gautam Budh Nagar |url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Report%20Gautam%20Budh%20Nagar.pdf |publisher=Government of India Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises |page=1 |date=14 August 2012 |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123113125/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Report%20Gautam%20Budh%20Nagar.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 1997 [[Baghpat district]] was created from Baghpat tehsil of Meerut district.<ref>{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011 – Uttar Pradesh – District Census Handbook – Baghpat |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0908_PART_B_DCHB_BAGHPAT.pdf |date=2011 |page=9 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=7 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114012629/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0908_PART_B_DCHB_BAGHPAT.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July 2013, the NCR was expanded to include three more districts, [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]], and [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]] in the state of [[Haryana]], as well as [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]] in the state of [[Rajasthan]]. This brought the number of districts in the NCR to 19 (outside Delhi NCT), with the total NCR area increasing 34% to 45,887 km2.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Organisation and Administration|url=http://moud.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/InductionMaterial_0.pdf|website=Ministry of Urban Development|publisher=Government of India|page=32|quote=Government of India vide Notification dated 1.10.2013 has included Bhiwani and Mahendragarh districts of the State of Haryana and Bharatpur district of the State of Rajasthan|access-date=7 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408083513/http://moud.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/InductionMaterial_0.pdf|archive-date=8 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=3 more districts enter National Capital Region fold – The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/3-more-districts-enter-National-Capital-Region-fold/articleshow/20867549.cms?referral=PM|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 July 2013|access-date=4 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003120603/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/3-more-districts-enter-National-Capital-Region-fold/articleshow/20867549.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=3 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, [[Charkhi Dadri district]] was separated from Bhiwani district in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Charki Dadri notified as 22nd district of Haryana|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Charki-Dadri-notified-as-22nd-district-of-Haryana/articleshow/55803185.cms|work=The Times of India|date=5 December 2016|access-date=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206045347/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Charki-Dadri-notified-as-22nd-district-of-Haryana/articleshow/55803185.cms|archive-date=6 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 9 June 2015 the Government of India approved the inclusion of three more districts in NCR – [[Jind district|Jind, Panipat]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]] in the state of [[Haryana]] and [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ncr-gets-bigger-jind-karnal-and-muzaffarnagar-districts-added/articleshow/47600351.cms|title=NCR gets bigger; Jind, Karnal and Muzaffarnagar districts added|work=The Economic Times|access-date=28 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612094923/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ncr-gets-bigger-jind-karnal-and-muzaffarnagar-districts-added/articleshow/47600351.cms|archive-date=12 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ncr-3-new-districts-jind-karnal-and-muzaffarnagar/1/443205.html|title=NCR to now include these 3 new districts|access-date=9 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609180709/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ncr-3-new-districts-jind-karnal-and-muzaffarnagar/1/443205.html|archive-date=9 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/video-gallery/general/ncr-to-now-include-3-new-districts-part-2-21815/ncr-to-now-include-3-new-districts-part-2-22106.htm|title=NCR to now include 3 new districts – Part – 2|author=Business Standard|access-date=28 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305142240/http://www.business-standard.com/video-gallery/general/ncr-to-now-include-3-new-districts-part-2-21815/ncr-to-now-include-3-new-districts-part-2-22106.htm|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Jind and Karnal now at NCR – हरियाणा के 2 और जिले NCR में Amar Ujala|url = http://www.amarujala.com/news/delhi-ncr/delhi-news-ncr/jind-and-karnal-now-at-ncr/|website = delhincr.amarujala.com|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140121085912/http://www.amarujala.com/news/delhi-ncr/delhi-news-ncr/jind-and-karnal-now-at-ncr/|archive-date = 21 January 2014|url-status = live}}</ref> covering a total area of 50,566 km2.<ref name="tcpharyana">{{cite web|title=Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021|url=https://www.tcpharyana.gov.in/ncrpb/FINAL%20SRP%20FOR%20WEB-HOSTING/01_Introduction.pdf|website=Department of Town & Country Planning|publisher=Government of Haryana|page=2|date=10 June 2016|access-date=7 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212145300/http://www.tcpharyana.gov.in/ncrpb/FINAL%20SRP%20FOR%20WEB-HOSTING/01_Introduction.pdf|archive-date=12 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shamli district]] of U.P. was added to the NCR in December 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=NCR-shamli-inclusion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/ncr-shamli-inclusion/article21263265.ece |work=The Hindu |date=5 December 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref> As of 2021, there are a total of 24 districts in the NCR, excluding the 11 [[districts of Delhi]].

=== Proposed extensions ===
On 9 January 2018, the [[government of Uttar Pradesh]] formally proposed the extension of the NCR to cover the districts [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]], [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]], [[Hathras district|Hathras]] and [[Mathura district|Mathura]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dabas|first1=Harveer|title=UP govt sends proposal to include Bijnor, Mathura, Aligarh & Hathras in NCR|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/up-govt-sends-proposal-to-include-bijnor-mathura-aligarh-hathras-in-ncr/articleshow/62434756.cms|work=The Times of India|date=9 January 2018|access-date=9 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110183419/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/up-govt-sends-proposal-to-include-bijnor-mathura-aligarh-hathras-in-ncr/articleshow/62434756.cms|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also pushing to have the district of [[Agra district|Agra]] included in the NCR. [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] is also forcing to have [[Patiala district|Patiala]], and [[Mohali district|Mohali]] included in the NCR. Outskirts of Rajasthan like [[Bhadra]] are also included in the Future Extension plans.

== Component districts ==
A total of 24 districts in three neighbouring states of [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]] along with whole of the National Capital Territory of [[Delhi]] constitute the National Capital Region (NCR) of India.<ref name="NCRPB Rationale">[http://ncrpb.nic.in/rationale.php National Capital Region Planning Board] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216113422/http://www.ncrpb.nic.in/rationale.php |date=16 December 2012 }}. Ncrpb.nic.in. Retrieved on 16 July 2013.</ref>

The areas and populations (per 2011 census, prior to the addition of [[Muzaffarnagar]], Jind, Karnal and [[Shamli]]) of these component districts are set out below:<ref name="ncrpb constituents" /><ref name="profile"/>{{rp|3,6}}
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! State/UT || Districts || Area (km2) || Population (in thousands)
|-
| rowspan=11 style="text-align:center;"|[[Delhi]]
| [[Central Delhi]]
| rowspan=11 style="text-align:right;"|1,483
| rowspan=11 style="text-align:right;"|16,788
|-
| [[East Delhi]]
|-
| [[New Delhi]]
|-
| [[North Delhi]]
|-
| [[North East Delhi]]
|-
| [[North West Delhi]]
|-
| [[Shahdara district|Shahdara]]
|-
| [[South Delhi]]
|-
| [[South East Delhi]]
|-
| [[South West Delhi]]
|-
| [[West Delhi]]
|-
| rowspan=14 style="text-align:center;"|[[Haryana]]
| [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]]
| rowspan=14 style="text-align:right;"|25,327
| rowspan=14 style="text-align:right;"|11,031
|-
| [[Charkhi Dadri district|Charkhi Dadri]]
|-
| [[Faridabad district|Faridabad]]
|-
| [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]]
|-
| [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]]
|-
| [[Jind district|Jind]]
|-
| [[Karnal district|Karnal]]
|-
| [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]]
|-
| [[Nuh district|Nuh]]
|-
| [[Palwal district|Palwal]]
|-
| [[Panipat district|Panipat]]
|-
| [[Rewari district|Rewari]]
|-
| [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]]
|-
| [[Sonipat district|Sonipat]]
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|[[Rajasthan]]
| [[Alwar district|Alwar]]
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right;"|13,447 <ref name="tcpharyana"/>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right;"|3,674
|-
| [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]]
|-
| rowspan=8 style="text-align:center;"|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Baghpat district|Baghpat]]
| rowspan=8 style="text-align:right;"|14,727
| rowspan=8 style="text-align:right;"|14,576
|-
| [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]]
|-
| [[Gautam Buddh Nagar district|Gautam Buddh Nagar]]
|-
| [[Ghaziabad]]
|-
| [[Hapur district|Hapur]]
|-
| [[Meerut district|Meerut]]
|-
| [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]
|-
| [[Shamli district|Shamli]]
|-
| colspan=2 style="text-align:right;"|'''''Total'''''
| align="right"|'''''54,984'''''
| align="right"|'''''46,069'''''
|}

==Regional planning==
{{anchor | Sewage connectivity Forests | Planning | Pollution }}
{{Further | Aravalli Range#Wall | l1= The Great Green Wall of Aravalli | Forests Department, Haryana#Leopards | l2= Leopards of Haryana}}

The planning body for the region is the '''National Capital Region Planning Board''' (NCRPB). It has issued two regional plans, the "Regional Plan 2001, National Capital Region" approved in 1988,<ref name="reg plan 2001"/> and the "Regional Plan 2021, National Capital Region" approved in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Regional Plan 2021, Background|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/pre_regionalplan2021.php|website=ncrpb.nic.in|publisher=NCR Planning Board|access-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518023907/http://ncrpb.nic.in/pre_regionalplan2021.php|archive-date=18 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Topics covered by the 2001 plan included transport, telecommunications, power and water supply, waste and sewerage, education, health, the environment, housing and the "counter magnet" areas. The 2021 plan extended these with the additional topics of social infrastructure, heritage, tourism, rural development, and disaster management.

The 51% of pollution in NCR is caused by the industrial pollution, 27% by vehicles and 8% by [[Stubble burning#Stubble burning in India|crop burning]], consequently there are plans to create a 1,600 km long and 5 km wide [[Aravalli Range#Wall|The Great Green Wall of Aravalli]] green ecological corridor along Aravalli range from Gujarat to Delhi to be connected to [[Sivalik Hills|Sivalik]] hill range with the planting of 1.35 billion (135 crore) new native trees over 10 years.<ref name=wall1>[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/want-govt-to-build-1600-km-green-wall-along-aravalli-says-activist-vijaypal-baghel-6182069/ Want govt to build 1600 km green wall along Aravalli], Indian Express, 24 December 2019.</ref> About 46% of the National Capital Region, home to 40 to 50 million people, is not connected to sewage networks. Sewage from these areas flows into stormwater drains that empty directly into the [[Yamuna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/No-sewerage-in-46-of-NCR/articleshow/34602984.cms|title=No sewerage in 46% of NCR|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504091339/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/No-sewerage-in-46-of-NCR/articleshow/34602984.cms|archive-date=4 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Transport ===
{{excerpt|National Capital Region Transport Corporation}}

==Central National Capital Region==
The 2001 regional plan defined the "Delhi Metropolitan Area" (DMA) as including [[Ghaziabad]], [[Noida]], [[Faridabad]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Kundli]] and [[Sonipat]]. The 2021 plan renamed the area as the "Central National Capital Region" (CNCR), covering about {{cvt|2,000|km2}} in addition to the {{cvt|1,483|km2}} of the NCT of [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Evaluation Study of DMA Towns in National Capital Region|url=http://tcpomud.gov.in/divisions/mutp/dma/final_dma_report.pdf|website=Town and Country Planning Organisation|publisher=[[Ministry of Urban Development]]|access-date=19 March 2017|date=September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052724/http://tcpomud.gov.in/divisions/mutp/dma/final_dma_report.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2017}}</ref>

The 2021 plan estimated the 2001 population of the CNCR outside of Delhi to be over 2.8 million, while Delhi's population was 13.8 million, yielding a total CNCR population of 16.6 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Regional Plan 2021 – Chapter 4, Demographic Profile and Settlement Pattern|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/Regional%20Plan%202021%20chapter/08_CH04%20demographic%20profile%20&%20settlement%20pattern.pdf|publisher=NCR Planning Board|access-date=19 March 2017|page=16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320055054/http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/Regional%20Plan%202021%20chapter/08_CH04%20demographic%20profile%20%26%20settlement%20pattern.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{as of|2016}} the most recent population estimates have spanned 25.7 to 26.5 million people.<ref name=Demographia>{{cite book|author1=Demographia|title=Demographia World Urban Areas|date=April 2016|edition=12th|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|access-date=17 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=dead}} (excludes Kondli)</ref><ref name="UNcities2016">{{cite web|title=The World's Cities in 2016|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|publisher=[[United Nations]]|access-date=4 March 2017|page=4|date=October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112211410/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|archive-date=12 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Counter magnets==
The 1985 Act (§2.c and §8.f) gives the NCRCB has the ability to select districts outside of the NCR to act as ''counter magnets'', with a view to developing them further.<ref name="1985act"/>{{rp|2,10}}
''Counter-magnet'' cities are identified as those that can be developed as alternative centres of growth and attract migrants to them rather than Delhi.<ref name="reg plan 2001">{{cite web|title=Regional Plan 2001, National Capital Region|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/RP-2001.PDF|publisher=NCR Planning Board|date=3 November 1988|quote=the future interceptors of migratory flow|access-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308050801/http://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/RP-2001.PDF|archive-date=8 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|121}} The criteria for selecting counter magnet towns are: that they should have their own established roots and potential of growth,<ref name="reg plan 2001"/>{{rp|121}} and should not be centres of either religious, strategic or environmental importance.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} The ''counter magnet'' cities should be given priority when allocating funding for development of land, housing and infrastructure.<ref name="reg plan 2001"/>{{rp|126}}

These cities, with their distances from the Delhi, are:<ref name="ncrpb constituents"/>

In [[Haryana]] state
*[[Hisar, India|Hisar]], 160 km
*[[Ambala]], 200 km

In [[Madhya Pradesh]] state
*[[Gwalior]] (particularly [[Gwalior West]]), 320 km

In [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state
*[[Patiala]], 230 km

In [[Rajasthan]] state
*[[Jaipur]], 268 km
*[[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], 525 km

In [[Uttar Pradesh]] state
*[[Bareilly]], 250 km
*[[Kanpur]], 470 km

In [[Uttarakhand]]
*[[Dehradun]], 240 km

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Chennai metropolitan area]]
* [[Kolkata metropolitan area]]
* [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://ncrpb.nic.in/ National Capital Region Planning Board]
* [http://www.npsin.in/blogs/mandir/famous-temples-in-delhi-ncr Famous Temples in Delhi NCR]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721175718/http://ncrup.up.nic.in/images/ncrmaps.jpg NCR map]
* [http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/districts.php Official area information of districts of India]
* [https://bulandshahar.nic.in/ Bulandshahr Official Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163314/http://bhiwani.nic.in/ Bhiwani Official Site]
* [http://mahendragarh.nic.in/index.asp# Mahendragarh Official Site]
* [http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php/National_Capital_Region_(India):_Counter-Magnet_Areas National Capital Region (India): Counter-Magnet Areas] on ''Indpaedia''
* [https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/41598-01-ind-oth-01.pdf National Capital Region Urban Infrastructure Financing Facility] on [[Asian Development Bank]]

{{World's most populous urban areas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Geography of Delhi]]
[[Category:National Capital Region (India)]]
[[Category:WikiProject India members]]

National Capital Region (India) - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	* [[Chennai metropolitan area]]		* [[Chennai metropolitan area]]
	* [[Kolkata metropolitan area]]		* [[Kolkata metropolitan area]]