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{{Short description|The predominant style in Persian calligraphy}}
{{Hatnote|The Nastaliq text on this page will show in a different style if you do not have a Nastaliq font installed.{{ref|font_display|[see below]}}}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name = Nastaliq
| type = [[Abjad]]
| languages = [[Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]] (including [[Dari Persian|Dari]] and [[Tajik language|Tajik]]), [[Ottoman Turkish]], [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] (in Iran and Iraq), many [[varieties of Punjabi]] (including [[Hindko]] and [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]), [[Kasmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Afghan Uzbek]], [[Pashto]], [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Balti language|Balti]], [[Shina language|Shina]], [[Hazaragi language|Hazaragi]], [[Nuristani language|Nuristani Languages]], [[Burushaski language|Burushaski]], [[Iraqi Arabic]], [[Luri language|Luri]], [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]], [[Qashqai language|Qashqai]], [[Mazandarani language|Mazandarani]], [[Tati language (Iran)|Tati]]{{dn|date=July 2021}}, [[Gilaki language|Gilaki]], [[Talysh language|Talysh]], [[Pashayi language|Pashayi]], [[Wakhi language|Wakhi]], [[Khowar language|Khowar]], [[Brahui language|Brahui]], [[Pahari language|Pahari]], [[Turkmen language | Some Varities of Turkmen]], [[Gujari language|Gujari]]
| sample = Welcome to Persian Wikipedia.svg
| caption = "Welcome to Wikipedia" in Persian from [[:fa:صفحهٔ اصلی|Persian Wikipedia]]
| imagesize = 200px
| iso15924 = Aran
| note = none
| direction = [[right-to-left]]<ref>{{Cite conference|last1=Akram|first1=Qurat ul Ain|last2=Hussain|first2=Sarmad|last3=Niazi|first3=Aneeta|last4=Anjum|first4=Umair|last5=Irfan|first5=Faheem|date=April 2014|title=Adapting Tesseract for Complex Scripts: An Example for Urdu Nastalique|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6830996|conference=11th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems|location=Tours, France|publisher=IEEE|volume=|pages=191–195|doi=10.1109/DAS.2014.45|isbn=978-1-4799-3243-6|via=}}</ref>
}}
{{Calligraphy}}

[[File:Hafez Ghazal.jpg|thumb|right|
A [[couplet]] versified by the Persian poet [[Hafez]] in Nastaliq, in print: [[#Nastaliq typesetting|[note]]]
{{rtl-para|1=fa|2={{nq|
حافظ شیرازی 
مرا عهدیست با جانان که تا جان در بدن دارم 
هواداران کویش را چو جان خویشتن دارم
|size=1.25em}}}}
in a [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] styled typeface:
{{rtl-para|1=fa|2={{naskh|
حافظ شیرازی 
مرا عهدیست با جانان که تا جان در بدن دارم 
هواداران کویش را چو جان خویشتن دارم
}}}}]]

'''Nastaʼlīq''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|n|æ|s|t|ə|ˈ|l|iː|k|,_|ˈ|n|æ|s|t|ə|l|iː|k}};<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nastaliq {{!}} Definition of Nastaliq by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Nastaliq|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/nastaliq|access-date=2020-07-05|website=Lexico Dictionaries|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|language=en|via=Lexico.com}}</ref> {{lang-fa|{{nq|نستعلیق}}}}, {{IPA-fa|næsˈtæʔliːq|IPA}}) is one of the main [[calligraphic hand]]s used to write the [[Perso-Arabic script]] in the [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Urdu]] languages,<ref>{{Cite web|last=eteraz|first=ali|date=8 October 2013|title=The Death of the Urdu Script|url=https://medium.com/@eteraz/the-death-of-the-urdu-script-9ce935435d90|access-date=4 June 2020|website=Medium|language=en|quote=Urdu is traditionally written in a Perso-Arabic script called nastaliq…}}</ref> and traditionally the predominant style in [[Persian calligraphy]].<ref>''The Cambridge History of Islam''. By P. M. Holt, et al., Cambridge University Press, 1977, {{ISBN|0-521-29138-0}}, p. 723.</ref> It was developed in the land of Persia (modern-day [[Iran]]) in the 14th and 15th centuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/Famous-Calligraphers.html|title=Famous Calligraphers - Persian Calligraphy- All about Persian Calligraphy|first=Payman|last=Hamed|website=www.persiancalligraphy.org}}</ref> It is sometimes used to write [[Arabic]] language text (where it is mainly used for titles and headings), but its use has always been more popular in the [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]] and [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] sphere of influence.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020|reason=which Turkic languages?}} Nastaliq remains very widely used in [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]] and other countries for written poetry and as a form of art.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gulzar, Rahman|first=Atif, Shafiq|date=2007|title=Nastaleeq: A challenge accepted by Omega|url=https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb29-1/tb91gulzar.pdf|journal=TUGboat|volume=29|pages=1–6}}</ref>

A less elaborate version of Nastaliq serves as the preferred style for writing in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] and [[Urdu]] and it is often used alongside [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] for [[Pashto]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2020|reason=elsewhere some contributors have questioned whether it's used for Pashto at all}} In [[Persian language|Persian]], it is used for poetry only. {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} was historically used for writing [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], where it was known as {{lang|ota-Latn|tâlik}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zakariya.net/history/scripts.html |title=The Scripts |access-date=2013-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214094318/http://www.zakariya.net/history/scripts.html |archive-date=2013-12-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (not to be confused with a totally different Persian style, also called ''[[taʿlīq]]''; to distinguish the two, Ottomans referred to the latter as {{transl|ota|taʿlīq-i qadim}}, "old {{transl|ota|taʿlīq}}").

Nastaliq is the core script of the post-[[Sassanid]] Persian writing tradition and is equally important in the areas under its cultural influence. The [[languages of Iran]] (Western Persian, Azeri, Balochi, Kurdi, Luri, etc.), [[Afghanistan]] (Dari Persian, Pashto, Turkmen, Uzbek, etc.), [[India]] (Urdu, Kashmiri, etc.), [[Pakistan]] (Urdu, Punjabi, Saraiki, Pashto, Balochi, etc.) and the Turkic [[Uyghur language]] of the Chinese province of [[Xinjiang]], rely on {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}}. Under the name {{transl|ota|[[taʿliq]]}} (lit. "suspending script"), it was also beloved by Ottoman calligraphers who developed the [[Diwani]] ({{transl|ota|divanî}}) and [[Ruqah]] ({{transl|ota|rık{{okina}}a}}) styles from it.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements |date=June 2017}}

{{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} is amongst the most fluid calligraphy styles for the [[Arabic script]]. It has short verticals with no serifs, and long horizontal strokes.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020|reason=I don't see any "long horizontal strokes"}} It is written using a piece of trimmed reed with a tip of {{convert|5|–|10|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, called {{transl|ar|[[qalam]]}} ('pen', [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] {{lang|ar|قلم}}) and carbon ink, named ''siyahi''. The nib of a {{transl|ar|qalam}} can be split in the middle to facilitate [[ink]] absorption.<ref>{{Citation|title=Qalam|date=2020-02-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qalam&oldid=940890427|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref>

Two important forms of {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} panels are {{transl|fa|[[Chalipa]]}} and {{transl|fa|[[Siyah mashq]]}}. A {{transl|fa|Chalipa}} ("cross", in Persian) panel usually consists of four diagonal hemistiches (half-lines) of poetry, clearly signifying a moral, ethical or poetic concept. {{transl|fa|Siyah Mashq}} ("black drill") panels, however, communicate via composition and form, rather than content. In {{transl|fa|Siyah Mashq}}, repeating a few letters or words (sometimes even one) virtually inks the whole panel.{{Citation needed|reason=should that say "links" instead of "inks"?|date=January 2020}} The content is thus of less significance and not clearly accessible.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements.|date=June 2017}}

== History ==
[[File:Khatt-e Nastaliq.jpg|thumb|right|
Example saying, "''Nastaliq script''", written in {{transl|fa|Nasta'līq}}.
{{rtl-para|1=fa|2={{nq|خط نستعلیق|size=1.5em}}}}
([[Naskh (script)|Naskh]]: {{lang|fa|خط نستعلیق}})
 The dotted form <big>{{lang|fa|[[:wiktionary:ڛ|ڛ]]}}</big> is used in place of <big>{{lang|fa|[[:wiktionary:س|س]]}}</big> in the word <big>{{lang|fa|نڛتعلیق}}</big> Nastaliq.]]

After the [[Muslim conquest of Persia|Islamic conquest of Persia]], the Iranian Persian people adopted the [[Arabic script|Perso-Arabic script]] and the art of [[Persian calligraphy]] flourished in Iran as territories of the former Persian empire. Apparently, [[Mir Ali Tabrizi]] (14th century) developed {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} by combining two existing scripts of {{transl|fa|[[Naskh (script)|Nasḫ]]}} and {{transl|fa|[[Taʿlīq]]}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Famous Calligraphers |url=http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/Famous-Calligraphers.html |work=Persian Calligraphy |access-date=12 January 2012 }}</ref> Hence, it was originally called {{transl|fa|Nasḫ-Taʿlīq}}. Another theory holds that the name {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} means "that which abrogated (''naskh'') ''Taʿlīq''".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irangazette.com/en/12/494-iran-nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq-script.html|title=Iran Nastaʿlīq script - IRAN TRAVEL, TRIP TO IRAN|website=www.irangazette.com|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref>

{{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} thrived and many prominent calligraphers contributed to its splendor and beauty. It is believed{{By whom|date=July 2010}} that {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} reached its highest elegance in [[Mir Emad]]'s works. The current practice of {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} is, however, heavily based on [[Mirza Mohammad Reza Kalhor|Mirza Reza Kalhor]]'s technique. Kalhor modified and adapted {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} to be easily used with printing machines, which in turn helped wide dissemination of his transcripts. He also devised methods for teaching {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} and specified clear proportional rules for it, which many could follow.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements |date=June 2017}}

The [[Mughal Empire]] used [[Persian language|Persian]] as the court [[language]] during their rule over [[South Asia]]. During this time, {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} came into widespread use in [[South Asia]]. The influence continues to this day. In India and Pakistan, almost everything in Urdu is written in the script, constituting the greatest part of {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} usage in the world. The situation of {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} in [[Bangladesh]] used to be the same as in Pakistan until 1971, when Urdu ceased to remain an official language. Today, only a few people use this form of writing in [[Bangladesh]].{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements |date=June 2017}}

Nastaliq is a descendant of {{transl|fa|[[Naskh (script)|Nasḫ]]}} and {{transl|fa|Taʿlīq}}. {{transl|fa|Shekasteh Nastaliq}} - literally: "broken Nastaliq" - style [[#Shekasteh Nastaliq|(below)]] is a development of {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}}.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements |date=June 2017}}

{{Clear}}

== Notable Nastaliq calligraphers ==
[[File:Miremad-1.jpg|thumb|right|Persian Chalipa panel, [[Mir Emad]] 
In print: [[#Nastaliq typesetting|[note]]]
{{rtl-para|fa|{{Nastaliq|بودم به تو عمری و ترا سیر ندیدم از وصل تو هرگز به مرادی نرسیدم از بهر تو بیگانه شدم از همه خویشان وحشی صفت از خلق به یکبار بریدم|size=1.25em}}}}
In [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] styled typeface:
{{rtl-para|fa|{{naskh|بودم به تو عمری و ترا سیر ندیدم از وصل تو هرگز به مرادی نرسیدم از بهر تو بیگانه شدم از همه خویشان وحشی صفت از خلق به یکبار بریدم}}}} ]]

* [[Mir Ali Tabrizi]]
* [[Mir Emad]]
* [[Mírzá ʻAbbás Núrí]]
* [[Mishkín-Qalam]]
* [[Mirza Mohammad Reza Kalhor]]

And others, including Mirza Jafar Tabrizi, Abdul Rashid Deilami, Sultan Ali Mashadi, Mir Ali Heravi, Emad Ul-Kottab, Mirza Gholam Reza Esfehani, Emadol Kotab, Yaghoot Mostasami and Darvish Abdol Majid Taleghani.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements |date=June 2017}}

And among contemporary artists: Hassan Mirkhani, Hossein Mirkhani, [[Keikhosro Khoroush]], Abbas Akhavein and Qolam-Hossein Amirkhani, Ali Akbar Kaveh,
Kaboli.<ref>[http://www.wegoiran.com/iran-information/iran-culture/nastaliq-script-persian-calligraphy.htm Nastaliq Script – Persian Calligraphy] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928182912/http://www.wegoiran.com/iran-information/iran-culture/nastaliq-script-persian-calligraphy.htm |date=September 28, 2010 }}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200">

File:Mir emad 1012 hijri.jpg|[[Mir Emad Hassani]], Safavid era

File:Soltan ali mashhadi 895 1489.jpg|Soltan-ali Mashhadi - 1489 AD
</gallery>

{{Clear}}

== Etiquette ==
[[Islamic calligraphy]] was originally used to adorn Islamic religious texts, specifically the [[Quran|Qurʼan]], as pictorial ornaments were prohibited in sacred publications and spaces of [[Islam]]. Therefore, a sense of sacredness was always implicit in calligraphy.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements |date=June 2017}}

A {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} disciple was supposed to qualify himself spiritually for being a calligrapher, besides learning how to prepare ''{{transl|ar|qalam}}'', ink, paper and, more importantly, master {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}}. For instance see ''Adab al-Mashq'', a manual of penmanship attributed to [[Mir Emad]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ernst|first=Carl W.|date=April–June 1992|title=The Spirit of Islamic Calligraphy: Bābā Shāh Iṣfahānī's Ādāb al-mashq|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=112|issue=2|pages=279–286|doi=10.2307/603706|jstor=603706}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Sultan 'Ali Mashhadi (Persian, 1442-1519). Folio of Poetry From the Divan of Sultan Husayn Mirza, ca. 1490.jpg|''Folio of Poetry From the Divan of Sultan Husayn Mirza'', ca. 1490. [[Brooklyn Museum]].
File:Quatrain on the Virtue of Patience WDL6844.png|Quatrain on the Virtue of Patience by Muhammad Muhsin Lahuri of the [[Mughal Empire]]
</gallery>

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== {{transl|fa|Shekasteh}} Nastaliq ==
''{{transl|fa|Shekasteh}}'' or ''{{transl|fa|Shekasteh Nastaliq}}'' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|شکسته نستعلیق}}}}, {{lang|fa|{{uninaskh|شکسته نستعلیق}}}}, "cursive {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}}" or literally "broken {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}}") style is a "streamlined" script of {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}}. It was developed in the 14th century to ease communication for non-calligraphic purposes, such as commerce and administration. ''Shekasta'' is characterized by "[letters] greatly reduced in size... thinner strokes... [and] letters that in the formal versions of the Arabic script do not connect to the left were made to connect."<ref name="readnast3">{{Cite book |last1=Spooner |first1=Brian |title=Reading Nasta'liq: Persian and Urdu Hands from 1500 to the Present |last2=Hanaway |first2=William L. |year=1995 |isbn=978-1568592138 |pages=3}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Chayyam guyand kasan behescht ba hur chosch ast small.png|A [[ruba'i]] of Omar Khayyam in Shekasteh Nastaliq. In print:{{rtl-para|fa|{{Nastaliq|گویند کسان بهشت با حور خوش است من میگویم که آب انگور خوش است این نقد بگیر و دست از آن نسیه بدار کاواز دهل شنیدن از دور خوش است|size=1.25em}}}} In modern [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]]: {{rtl-para|fa|{{naskh|گویند کسان بهشت با حور خوش است من میگویم که آب انگور خوش است این نقد بگیر و دست از آن نسیه بدار کاواز دهل شنیدن از دور خوش است}}}}
File:Ghafeleye Omr.svg|A line of poetry by the Iranian poet [[Omar Khayyam]] in Shekasteh Nastaliq. In print: {{rtl-para|fa|{{Nastaliq|این قافلهٔ عُمر عجب میگذرد|size=1.25em}}}} In modern [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]]: {{rtl-para|fa|{{naskh|این قافلهٔ عُمر عجب میگذرد}}}}
File:Shikastah Nasta'liq Script.gif|An excerpt from Shaykh Sa'di's (d. 691/1292) "Gulistan" (The Rose Garden), in {{transl|fa|Shekasteh Nastaliq}} script.
File:Fath Ali Shah Qajar Firman in Shikasta Nastaliq script January 1831.jpg|[[Fath Ali Shah Qajar]]'s order in {{transl|fa|Shekasteh Nastaliq}} script, January 1831
</gallery>

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== Nastaliq typesetting ==
[[File:Urdu couplet.svg|thumb|
An example of the {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} script used for writing [[Urdu]]. Nastaliq: {{rtl-para|{{lang|ur|{{nastaliq|size=1.25em|؎ کیا تنگ ہم ستم زدگان کا جہاں ہے جس میں ایک بیضۂ مور آسماں ہے}}}}}} [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]]: {{rtl-para|{{Lang|ur|{{Lang|ar|size=1.25em|؎ کیا تنگ ہم ستم زدگان کا جہاں ہے جس میں ایک بیضۂ مور آسماں ہے}}}}}}]]

{{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} Typography first started with attempts to develop a metallic type for the script, but all such efforts failed. [[Fort William College]] developed a {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} Type, which was not close enough to {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} and hence was never used other than by the college library to publish its own books. The State of Hyderabad Dakan (now in India) also attempted to develop a {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} Typewriter but this attempt failed miserably and the file was closed with the phrase “Preparation of {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} on commercial basis is impossible”. Basically, in order to develop such a metal type, thousands of pieces would be required.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements |date=June 2017}}

Modern {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} typography began with the invention of ''Noori Nastaleeq'' which was first created as a digital font in 1981 through the collaboration of [[Mirza Ahmad Jamil]] TI (as Calligrapher) and [[Monotype Imaging]] (formerly Monotype Corp & Monotype Typography).<ref name="Interview with Mirza Ahmad Jamil">{{cite web |last=Khurshiq |first=Iqbal |title=زندگی آگے بڑھنے کا نام اور جمود موت ہے: نوری نستعلیق کی ایجاد سے خط نستعلیق کی دائمی حفاظت ہوگئی |date=17 November 2013 |url=http://www.express.pk/story/197175/|publisher=Express|access-date=24 November 2013}}</ref>
Although this was a ground-breaking solution employing over 20,000 ligatures (individually designed character combinations)<ref>[https://restofworld.org/2021/bringing-urdu-into-the-digital-age/ How to bring a language to the future], 9 Feb 2021</ref> which provided the most beautiful results and allowed newspapers such as Pakistan's ''[[Daily Jang]]'' to use digital typesetting instead of an army of calligraphers, it suffered from two problems in the 1990s: (a) its non-availability on standard platforms such as [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] or [[Mac OS]], and (b) the non-[[WYSIWYG]] nature of text entry, whereby the document had to be created by commands in Monotype's proprietary [[page description language]].

=== InPage ===

In 1994, [[InPage]] Urdu, which is a fully functional page layout software for Windows akin to [[Quark XPress]], was developed for Pakistan's newspaper industry by an Indian software company Concept Software Pvt Ltd. It offered the ''Noori Nastaliq'' font licensed from [[Monotype Corporation]]. This font, with its vast ligature base of over 20,000, is still used in current versions of the software for Windows. As of 2009 [[InPage]] has become Unicode based, supporting more languages, and the ''Faiz Lahori Nastaliq'' font with Kasheeda has been added to it along with compatibility with OpenType Unicode fonts. Nastaliq Kashish{{clarify|date=November 2013}} has been made for the first time{{clarify|date=November 2013}} in the history of {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} Typography.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no reference / citation given for these statements |date=June 2017}}

=== Cross platform Nastaliq fonts ===

[[File:Urdu Typesetting 2020-05-30 003910.png|140px|thumb|right| Text: {{nq|نستعلیق}} in the font "Urdu Typesetting".]]
* Windows 8 was the first version of Microsoft Windows to have native Nastaliq support, through Microsoft's "Urdu Typesetting" font.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siao2.com/2011/11/16/10237715.aspx |title=The evolving Story of Locale Support, part 9: Nastaleeq vs. Nastaliq? Either way, Windows 8 has got it! |publisher=MSDN Blogs |access-date=2013-03-24}}</ref>

[[File:Noto Nastaliq 2020-05-30 004037.png|140px|thumb|left| Text: {{nq|نستعلیق}} in the font "Noto Nastaliq".]]
* Google has an open-source Nastaliq font called [[Noto fonts|Noto Nastaliq Urdu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/get/noto/#nastaliq-aran|title = Google Noto Fonts}}</ref> Apple provides this font on all Mac installations since macOS High Sierra. Likewise, Apple has carried this font on iOS devices since iOS 11.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1514433/apple-finally-enables-nastaleeq-typeface-urdu-keyboard-ios-11/|title=Apple finally enables Nastaleeq typeface for Urdu keyboard in iOS 11|date=23 September 2017}}</ref>
* [[Awami Nastaliq]] features a more extensive character set than most Nastaliq typefaces, supporting:  [[Urdu]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Persian language|Persian]], Khowar, Palula, Saraiki, Shina.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Special About Awami Nastaliq? - Awami Nastaliq |url=http://software.sil.org/awami/what-is-special/ |website=software.sil.org}}</ref>
* [[Amar Nastaleeq]] was created for [[Embedded OpenType|web embedding]] on [[Urdu]] [[website]]s in 2013. The [[font]] was announced by [[Urdu]] [[poet]] [[Fahmida Riaz]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/fahmidariaz/status/403607540698578944|title=Amar Nastaleeq Font for Urdu Web Publishing |first=fahmida|last=Riaz|website=Twitter.com|date=21 November 2013}}</ref>

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== Letter forms ==

For the [[Arabic alphabet]], and many others derived from it, letters are regarded as having two or three general forms each, based on their position in the word (though obviously [[Arabic calligraphy]] can add a great deal of complexity). But the Nastaliq style uses more than three general forms for many letters,<ref>{{cite web |last1=FWP |title=Urdu: some thoughts about the script and grammar, and other general notes for students assembled from years of classroom notes by FWP |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/index.html |website=www.columbia.edu |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Scanned table">{{cite web |title=The chart below gives the different positional variants of some of the significantly different letters. (scanned document) |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/graphics/naimchart.gif |website=Linked by www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/section00.html#00_01 |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> even in non-decorative documents. For example, most documents written in [[Urdu]], which uses the Nastaliq style.

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== See also ==
* [[Islamic calligraphy]]
* [[Persian calligraphy]]
* [[Shahmukhi alphabet|Shahmukhi script]]
* [[Urdu alphabet]]
* [[Ruqʿah script]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Sheila Blair, ''Islamic Calligraphy'', Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nastaliq}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133208/http://rumicode.com/greetings-info-fa.html Rumicode]: Online Service For {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} Calligraphy
* [http://www.nastaliqonline.ir/ Nastaliq Online]: Online Service For {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} Calligraphy
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060207192912/http://anjomankhoshnevisan.ir/en/ Iranian Calligraphers Association]
* [http://www.sil.org/computing/catalog/show_software.asp?id=32 Nastaliq Writer] for Macintosh by [[SIL International|SIL]]
* [http://www.inpage.com/ InPage Urdu]: Official InPage Urdu DTP software site
* [http://www.faiznastaliq.com/ Faiz Nastaliq]: Official Faiz {{transl|fa|Nastaliq}} site
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120608004825/http://www.calligraphyislamic.com/ Profiles and works of World Islamic calligraphy] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100928182912/http://www.wegoiran.com/iran-information/iran-culture/nastaliq-script-persian-calligraphy.htm Nastaliq Script | Persian Calligraphy]
* [http://software.sil.org/awami/ Awami Nastaliq]: A Nastaliq font by SIL International
{{Islamic calligraphy}}
{{Arabic language}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nastaliq Script}}
[[Category:Islamic calligraphy]]
[[Category:Persian calligraphy]]
[[Category:Persian orthography]]
[[Category:Urdu calligraphy]]
[[Category:Iranian inventions]]

Nastaliq - Revision history

Mazzulah Peel: enhanced layout additionally and added references for clarity

Pradip89: Created page with "{{Short description|The predominant style in Persian calligraphy}} {{Hatnote|The Nastaliq text on this page will show in a different style if you do not have a Nastaliq font i..."