Muskit Gergous at 15:51, 12 December 2023

2023-12-12T15:51:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:21, 12 December 2023
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	*[[Synagogues in India]]		*[[Synagogues in India]]
	*[[Knesset Eliyahoo]]		*[[Knesset Eliyahoo]]
	*[[Sarah Avraham]], who with her family was close friends with the Holtzbergs, and who in the wake of the attack and the killings [[converted to Judaism]], and immigrated to Israel.		*[[Sarah Avraham]], who with her family was close friends with the Holtzbergs, and who in the wake of the attack and the killings [[converted to Judaism]], and immigrated to Israel.{{Citation Needed}}

	==References==		==References==

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{{short description|Building in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Nariman House
| former_names = Nariman House
| alternate_names = [[Chabad house]]
| image = 2008 Mumbai terror attacks Nariman House front view 3.jpg
| caption = Front view of the Nariman House a week after the [[26/11]] terrorist attack
| map_type = Mumbai
| altitude = {{convert|17|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| building_type = Modern
| architectural_style = Modern
| structural_system =
| cost =
| ren_cost =
| location = [[Colaba]], Mumbai, {{flagicon|India}}
| address = 5 Hormusji Street, [[Colaba]]
| client =
| owner = Chabad India Trust
| current_tenants =
| landlord =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.916517|72.827682|display=inline}}
| start_date =
| completion_date =
| inauguration_date =
| renovation_date =
| demolition_date =
| destruction_date =
| height =
| diameter =
| other_dimensions =
| floor_count =
| floor_area =
| main_contractor =
| architect =
| architecture_firm =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| civil_engineer =
| other_designers =
| quantity_surveyor =
| awards =
| ren_architect =
| ren_firm =
| ren_str_engineer =
| ren_serv_engineer =
| ren_civ_engineer =
| ren_oth_designers =
| ren_qty_surveyor =
| ren_awards =
| references =
}}
The '''Nariman House''', designated as a '''[[Chabad house]]''' ({{lang-he|בית חב"ד}} ''{{lang|he-Latn|Beit Chabad}}''),<ref name="CNNupdate">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/27/mumbai.sites.latest/index.html#chabad|title=The latest on Mumbai areas under attack|date=28 November 2008|publisher=CNN|access-date=28 November 2008}}</ref><ref name="JJ">[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702352959&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull At Chabad in NY, an agonized limbo... and prayer]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202100551/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/29/stories/2008112959311700.htm The Hindu]</ref> is a five-storey landmark in the [[Colaba]] area of [[South Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref name="CNNupdate"/> The building was home to a Chabad house, a [[Orthodox Judaism outreach|Jewish outreach]] centre run by [[Gavriel Holtzberg|Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg]], who had owned the building since around 2006. The centre had an educational center, a synagogue, offered drug prevention services,<ref name="JPOST10free">{{cite news|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702336066&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|title=10 hostages reportedly freed from Mumbai Chabad House|last=Horovitz|first=David|author2=Matthew Wagner|date=27 November 2008|work=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=27 November 2008}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7752057.stm BBC: Jewish centre seized in Mumbai]</ref><ref name="JPOST">[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702336066&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull J'lem Post: Powerful explosion reported at Chabad House in Mumbai]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="thelede_nytimes">[http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/tracking-the-mumbai-attacks/?hp Tracking the Mumbai Attacks]</ref><ref name="YNETseize">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3629332,00.html|title=Terrorists seize Chabad offices in Mumbai|last=Ynet reporters|date=27 November 2008|publisher=Ynet|access-date=27 November 2008}}</ref> and a hostel.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/asection/la-fg-targets1-2008dec01,0,5881191.story LA Times]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main40.asp?filename=Ne061208ro_rabbi.asp |title=Tehelka |access-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201231401/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main40.asp?filename=Ne061208ro_rabbi.asp |archive-date=1 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The building was attacked during the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|November 2008 Mumbai attacks]] and six of its occupants, including Holtzberg and his wife, who was six months pregnant, were killed. Their two-year-old son Moshe survived the attack after being rescued by his Indian nanny, [[Sandra Samuel]], and Zakir Hussain.

==Chabad House==
{{Chabad sidebar}}
The [[Chabad house]], located at 5 Hormusji Street, [[Colaba]],<ref name="chabadsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org.in/|title=Chabad of India|access-date=27 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724155643/http://www.chabad.org.in/|archive-date=24 July 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> is one of eight [[Synagogue|synagogues]] in Mumbai<ref name="JTA">[http://jta.org/news/article/2008/11/28/1001246/chabad-confirms-its-mumbai-emisaries-ar-edead JTA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318052859/http://www.jta.org/news/article/2008/11/28/1001246/chabad-confirms-its-mumbai-emisaries-ar-edead |date=18 March 2012 }}</ref> and has been described as the epicentre of the Jewish community in the city.<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081130/jsp/nation/story_10185484.jsp Nariman to house of cards]</ref>

It is one of 4,000 such houses in 73 countries, typically run by husband-and-wife couples.<ref name="NYTF">[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/01/world/asia/01lubavitch.html?ref=asia New York Times]</ref> In 2003, this Chabad House, the first in Mumbai, was opened by Rabbi Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg, newly married and run by them.<ref name="NYTF"/> It catered to Israelis who are on their way to "party hotspots" such as [[Goa]] and [[Rajasthan]],<ref name="COL">[http://web.jrn.columbia.edu/studentwork/religion/2006/religions/judaism/index.htm Israelis Invade India "Dikla Kadosh" 17 May 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201064415/http://web.jrn.columbia.edu/studentwork/religion/2006/religions/judaism/index.htm |date=1 December 2008 }}</ref> in addition to the city's local Jewish community and traveling Jewish businessmen.<ref name="CNN1">[http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/28/india.jewish.center.attack/index.html CNN]</ref> The Holtzbergs also ran a synagogue and taught Torah classes, in addition to the rabbi conducting weddings for local Jewish couples. It is the Chabad headquarters for Mumbai.<ref name="CNN1"/> Gavriel (born 1979, raised in [[Brooklyn]], New York) and Rivka (born 1980 in [[Afula]], [[Israel]]) Holtzberg came to Mumbai in 2003 after completing a mission in Thailand.<ref name="YNETkilled">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3630300,00.html|title=Chabad: Holtzberg couple killed in Mumbai|date=28 November 2008|publisher=Ynet|access-date=28 November 2008}}</ref>

Three flights a week bring hundreds of Israeli travelers from Israel to Mumbai and in an interview Holtzberg said he understood the nature of their needs. The young rabbi, who was born in Israel but grew up in Brooklyn, said that they "need relief from the [[Israel Defense Forces|army]], from work, from real life".<ref name="COL"/> He said, "they come here to do everything the army didn't allow them to do. Their shoes had to be polished and tied—here they wear sandals. They had to cut their hair—here they grow their hair long."<ref name="COL"/>

In addition, "Jews from all nationalities stopped there—primarily Israelis, but also those from Singapore and other places. It was almost like a second home to them," said Elijah Jacob, the [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee]]'s country manager for India. "Our country director used to say it was like a second home to him because of all of the Jews there on Shabbat."<ref name="JTA"/>

Gavriel also helped with some of the local synagogues. He helped them gather donations, do fund-raising for the synagogue [[T'feret Israel]], in central Mumbai in [[Jacobs Circle]], and helped build a [[mikvah]] there. Also, he was officially a [[Shechita|shochet]], making chickens available to the local Jewish community, making challah for the community, and the couple was "available for the community," there to answer [[Halakha|Halakhic]] principles of the local community.<ref name="JTA"/>

Chabad officials said they were certain the Mumbai house would reopen, and within hours of news of the Holtzbergs' deaths, young Chabad couples from around the world offered to move to Mumbai to continue their work.<ref name="NYTF"/>

===Services===
These are the services this Chabad House offered.<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/centers/default_cdo/aid/118651/jewish/Chabad-Mumbai.htm Chabad-Lubavitch of Mumbai – Mumbai, India]. Chabad.org. Retrieved 17 August 2013.</ref>
{| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:70%;"
! style="width:10%; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; font-weight:normal;"|
*Israeli center
*Kitchen koshering
*[[BHARAT milap]]
*Hospital visitation
*Prison visitation
*Prison [[chaplaincy]]
*Regular classes
*Marriage preparation
*Medical services
*Women's group
*Food package distribution
*Humanitarian aid
*Drug prevention
! style="width:10%; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; font-weight:normal;"|
*Shabbat hospitality
*Adult education
*[[Judaica]] shop
*Synagogue library
*After school programs
*[[Chevrah kadishah]]
*[[Bar/Bat Mitzvah]] instruction
*[[Mezuzah]] and [[Tefillin]] checking
*One-on-one study
*Kosher meal plan
*Jewish Learning Institute
*[[Mikveh]]
*Free internet café<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3631199,00.html Mumbai victims' son searches for mother]</ref>
|}

==2008 Mumbai Attacks==
[[File:2008 Mumbai terror attacks Nariman House street.jpg|thumb|left|street in which Nariman House is located]]
Nariman House was seized and attacked during the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|November 2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref name="YNET"/><ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov272008/scroll20081127103063.asp?section=frontpagenews Mumbai terror kills 65]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At around 21:45, on Wednesday, 26 November,<ref name="BBC"/> two attackers named Babar Imran and Nasir (the oldest in the group of 9 at 28) launched an attack on the centre.<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3629572,00.html Fear for lives of Jewish hostages at Mumbai Chabad center]</ref> Newscasters{{who|date=November 2014}} were calling it the "final assault".<ref name="JP"/> The building is near the [[Leopold Cafe]], another establishment attacked during the strike. However, a later report alleged that Nariman House was actually the main target of the series of attacks and the rest of the targets were only to amplify the effect.<ref name="narimamaintarget">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mobile/report.asp?n=1218869 |date=5 January 2009 |title=Nariman House, not Taj, was the prime target on 26/11 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=5 January 2009}}</ref>

Initially it was reported that six Israeli Jews were being held hostage.<ref name="YNET">[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3629332,00.html Yediot Ahronot: Report: 6 Israelis held hostage in Mumbai]</ref> Later, Chabad spokesman in Israel, Moni Ender, said that there were at least eight Israelis inside the house, including Rabbi [[Gavriel Holtzberg]] and his wife, Rivka.<ref name="JP">[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702336066&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Jpost]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="YNETS">[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3629450,00.html Parents of Chabad emissary's wife 'praying for salvation']</ref> The rabbi's two-year-old son Moshe was rescued by his nanny,<ref name="YNETS"/> [[Sandra Samuel]], who had worked for the centre for the previous five years.<ref name="HAA"/> The hostages were allegedly tortured.<ref name="time">[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6896107.ece Mumbai terror attacks: And then they came for the Jews – Times Online]</ref> Some of the victims had been bound.<ref name="AP"/>

It was reported that gunmen fired indiscriminately towards those present.<ref name="YNET"/> Late on 27 November, unnamed Maharashtra government officials said that eight hostages had been released.<ref name="HAA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1041569.html |title='I just grabbed the baby and ran,' says Mumbai Chabad employee |access-date=27 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207014725/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1041569.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="YNEW">[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3629969,00.html Several hostages reported freed from Chabad center]</ref><ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3630005,00.html Holtzberg toddler asking for his mother]</ref> Later, [[Gavriel Holtzberg|Israeli Foreign Ministry]] spokesman Yigal Palmor said that the eight people seen near Chabad House were not Jewish hostages but local Indians from a home in the same compound.<ref name="JPOST10free"/> Early on 28 November a large blast was heard at the centre as fighting continued,<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3629969,00.html Blast heard at Chabad center]</ref> even though other sources were reporting that the building was under the control of Indian special forces.<ref name="JPOST10free"/>

During the siege U.S. Chabad official Rabbi [[Levi Shemtov]] talked with one of the attackers on Holtzberg's cell phone.<ref name="FOX"/> The [[FBI]] and other negotiation experts helped guide him through the process, which included around five phone calls.<ref name="FOX"/><ref name="Negotiations">[http://www.collive.com/show_news.rtx?id=933 COL Live: Report: U.S. Shaliach Spoke to Terrorist]</ref> Having to find an Urdu speaker to speak with him, they were unable to directly speak to any of the hostages, but Shemtov did say he heard the voice of one woman screaming in English, "please help immediately."<ref name="FOX"/>

Shortly before dawn,<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5249295.ece Times Online: Commandos abseil onto Jewish centre]</ref> Indian special forces began an attack on Nariman House that lasted until after sundown. The operation began when 22 [[National Security Guard|NSG]] Commandos rappelled out from an Indian Air Force [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]] helicopter on the roof of the building. NSG Commandos were in position in the adjacent buildings to provide cover fire to the assault team if needed. Commandos entered the building from the top and two loud blasts were heard followed by heavy gunfire. Most of the operation was broadcast live on television as news footage showed troops [[abseiling]] from a helicopter into the building and soldiers on the ground closing in.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7753726.stm BBC: "Indian forces storm Jewish centre"]</ref> Initially it was reported that five hostages<ref name="CNN-28th">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/28/india.attacks/index.html |date=27 November 2008 |title=Rabbi, wife among Mumbai terror deaths |publisher=CNN |access-date=27 November 2008}}</ref> were killed, but it was later upgraded to six deaths,<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/29/nyregion/29chabad.html?hp NYT]</ref><ref name="YNET2"/> eight by Saturday morning<ref name="YNET2">[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3630395,00.html 2 more bodies found at Jewish center in Mumbai]</ref> after two missing Israelis made contact with the Israeli Foreign Ministry.<ref name="JPOST SUNDAY"/> When the raid ended at sundown everyone inside the building was dead,<ref name="FOX">[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,459295,00.html Fox News]</ref> including the rabbi and his wife.<ref name="CHABADobit"/> An Indian commando, [[Havaldar Gajendra Singh|Gajendra Singh]] Bisht, was killed during the operation. According to [[ZAKA]] members,{{clarify|date=November 2014}} at least one hostage, Holtzberg, might have been killed in the crossfire when the commandos moved in; this was rejected by government authorities as stories and irresponsible comments.<ref>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1227702391455 State angry at Zaka's Mumbai 'meddling']{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Some of the other hostages were killed by the attackers on the first night and the following day.<ref name="JPOST SUNDAY">[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702371655&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull JPost | French-language news from Israel, the Middle East & the Jewish World]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Fr.jpost.com (13 August 2013). Retrieved 17 August 2013.</ref> Rivka Holtzberg and Yocheved Orpaz had been killed many hours before Nariman House was retaken.<ref name="Globe">{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20081129.BOMBISRAEL29/TPStory/International |location=Toronto |work=The Globe and Mail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203123639/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20081129.BOMBISRAEL29/TPStory/International |archive-date=3 December 2008 }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207170446/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/15/20081225200812250225081731635eb98/Terrorists-sexually-Humiliated-guests-before-killing-them |date=7 February 2009 }}</ref>

A handout provided by Indian police identified the two attackers killed at Nariman House as Nasir (alias Abu Umar) and Babar Imaran.<ref>The National Post, Wednesday 10 December 2008, p.A13</ref><ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-mumbai10-2008dec10,0,3037748.story Pakistan arrests suspected mastermind of Mumbai attacks] ''Los Angeles Times'', 10 December 2008</ref>

===Victims===
The following is a list of the civilians who died:<ref name="AP">[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/29/nyregion/29chabad.html?_r=0 Jewish Center Is Stormed, and 6 Hostages Die] The New York Times (28 November 2008)</ref><ref name="YNET2"/><ref name="JPOST SUNDAY"/><ref>Warren Kozak, [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204630904577055863900368528 Remembering the Terror in Mumbai] The Wall Street Journal</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name!!Age!!Nationality
|-
|Rabbi [[Gavriel Holtzberg]]
|29
| {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Brooklyn]], United States (and dual {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israeli citizenship]])
|-
| Rebbetzin [[Rivka Holtzberg]]
| 28
| {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Afula]], [[Israel]]
|-
| Bentzion Kruman 
| 26
| {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Bat Yam]], [[Israel]] (and dual {{Flagicon|USA}} [[US citizenship]])
|-
| Rabbi Leibish Teitelbaum
| 37
| {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Brooklyn]], United States
|-
| Yoheved Orpaz 
| 62
| {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Givatayim]], [[Israel]]
|-
| Norma Shvarzblat Rabinovich 
| 50
| {{Flag|Mexico}}
|}

===Reactions===
*[[Chabad|Chabad-Lubavitch]] – [[Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch]], the educational arm of Chabad-Lubavitch released a statement that read: "Gabi and Rivky Holtzberg made the ultimate sacrifice. As emissaries to Mumbai, Gabi and Rivky gave up the comforts of the West in order to spread Jewish pride in a corner of the world that was a frequent stop for throngs of Israeli tourists. Their Chabad House was popular among the local community, as well as with visiting business people. For five years, they ran a synagogue and Torah classes, and helped people dealing with drug addiction and poverty. Their selfless love will live on with all the people they touched. We will continue the work they started."<ref name="CHABADobit">{{cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/773691/jewish/Mumbai-Jewish-Family-Killed.htm|title=UPDATE: Mumbai-Based Rabbi and Wife Killed in Terrorist Attacks|last=Runyan|first=Joshua|author2=Moti Seligson|date=28 November 2008|publisher=Chabad.org|access-date=28 November 2008}}</ref>

=== Memorial ===
In 2018 the Nariman House was renamed in ''Nariman Light House''. Ten years after the Mumbai Attacks, a memorial was opened at Nariman House, to commemorate the victims. The first phase was to place a plaque on the building's roof, listing all the names of the victims. In the second phase, the entire floor of the fifth floor, in which Rabbi Gavirel lived with his wife Rivka and son Moshe, was painted white. It should look like it was 10 years before the attack.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nariman-house-to-be-turned-into-memorial-for-all-26-11-victims-1396122-2018-11-25|title=Nariman House to be turned into memorial for all 26/11 victims|first=Mustafa|last=Shaikh|date=29 November 2018|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=4 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/26-11-mumbai-attacks-anniversary-plaque-in-memory-of-26-11-victims-comes-up-at-nariman-house-1953215|title=In Memoriam: Plaque For 26/11 Victims Comes Up at Mumbai's Nariman House|website=NDTV.com|access-date=4 June 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Judaism}}
*[[Synagogues in India]]
*[[Knesset Eliyahoo]]
*[[Sarah Avraham]], who with her family was close friends with the Holtzbergs, and who in the wake of the attack and the killings [[converted to Judaism]], and immigrated to Israel.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.chabadindia.org/ Chabad of India: Nariman House]

{{2008 Mumbai attacks}}
{{Chabad}}
{{Hostels}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:2008 Mumbai attacks]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Chabad in Asia]]
[[Category:Hostels]]
[[Category:Orthodox Judaism in India]]
[[Category:Hasidic synagogues]]
[[Category:Synagogues in Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century attacks on synagogues and Jewish communal organizations]]
[[Category:Attacks on religious buildings and structures in India]]
[[Category:Islam and antisemitism]]
[[Category:Chabad houses]]

Nariman House - Revision history

Muskit Gergous at 15:51, 12 December 2023

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:36, 14 August 2023
Line 157:		Line 157:

	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Judaism}}~~
	*[[Synagogues in India]]		*[[Synagogues in India]]
	*[[Knesset Eliyahoo]]		*[[Knesset Eliyahoo]]