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{{Short description|Proposes to reserve a minimum of 33% seats for women in Parliament (2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{distinguish|Women's Reservation Bill (2010)}}
{{Infobox legislation
| imagesize = 150
| enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]
}}
{{Constitution of India}}

'''Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam''' is the official name of '''The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023'''.<ref name="SJdh">{{cite news |last1=Joy |first1=Shemin |title=Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam: Top takeaways from the Women's Reservation Bill |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/nari-shakti-vandan-adhiniyam-top-takeaways-from-the-womens-reservation-bill-2692636 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> This Women's Reservation Bill was introduced in [[Lok Sabha]] on 19 September 2023 during the [[Special session of the Parliament of India|special session of Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/womens-reservation-bill-imperfect-but-important-8949050/|title=Women’s reservation Bill – imperfect but important}}</ref> This legislation seeks to allocate 33 percent of the seats in the state and central legislative bodies for women.<ref>{{cite news |title='God has given me the opportunity', says PM Modi as women quota bill tabled in LS |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/womens-reservation-bill-to-be-tabled-in-lok-sabha-at-3-pm-today-101695109480855.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

The bill is the possible culmination of a legislative debate that had been ongoing for 27 years, including the lapsed [[Women's Reservation Bill (2010)]], due to the lack of consensus among political parties. The bill was the first that was considered in the new parliament building.<ref>{{cite news |title=Parliament special session: Govt introduces women's reservation bill in LS |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/govt-lists-women-s-reservation-bill-for-introduction-in-lok-sabha-123091900443_1.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |work=Business Standard}}</ref> On 20 September 2023, Lok Sabha passed the bill with 454 votes in favour and two against.<ref name="IN_votes_third_seats_for_women">{{cite Q|Q122735230|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Statistics==
The 2023 composition of the Lok Sabha reveals underrepresentation of women Members of Parliament (MPs), constituting less than 15 percent of its members. Similarly, this gender disparity is stronger in state assemblies including [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]], [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]], [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa]], [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]], [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]], [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka]], [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]], [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]], [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Manipur]], [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Meghalaya]], [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]], [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly|Sikkim]], [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]], [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]], [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]] and [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]], where the representation of women falls below 10 percent.<ref>{{cite news |title=Women's Reservation Bill: Pending for almost three decades for want of unanimity |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/womens-reservation-bill-pending-for-almost-three-decades-for-want-of-unanimity-2690179 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The presence of female MPs in the Lok Sabha has exhibited a gradual enhancement, progressing from a mere 5% in the [[1st Lok Sabha]] to an increase of 14% in the current [[17th Lok Sabha]]. A total of 716 female candidates participated in the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]], from which 78 women [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Members of Parliament]] have been successfully elected to serve in the 17th Lok Sabha. This is about a third higher than for the previous election in 2014, where 62 women MPs were elected.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile of the newly elected 17th Lok Sabha |url=https://prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/vital-stats/profile-of-the-newly-elected-17th-lok-sabha |website=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref>

The bill introduced by the [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|State Minister of the Parliamentary Affairs]] [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]] on the day-one of business in the newly built ''[[Sansad Bhavan]]'' aims to increase the number of Women Parliamentarians to 181.<ref>{{cite news |title=NDA officially tables women’s reservation bill in Parliament |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/sep/19/nda-officially-tables-womens-reservation-bill-in-parliament-2616272.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The 2023 [[Lok Sabha]] comprises a total of 542 members, of which 78 are female members. Similarly, the present [[Rajya Sabha]] consists of 224 members, with 24 being female members. A total of 102 women parliamentarians are serving as of 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women in Parliament - Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs |url=https://www.mpa.gov.in/sites/default/files/Women%20in%20Parliament_0.pdf |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref>

On 20 September 2023, Union Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] informed during the discussion on the Women's Reservation Bill that census and the delimitation exercise will take place after the Lok Sabha elections in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amit-shah-census-delimitation-exercise-women-reservation-bill-lok-sabha-parliament-2438277-2023-09-20|title=Census, delimitation exercise after election: Amit Shah on women’s quota bill}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/census-a-must-for-womens-reservation-bill-to-become-reality/article67322993.ece|title=Census a must for women’s reservation Bill to become reality}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/womens-reservation-bill-will-be-implemented-only-after-2029-amit-shah/article67327038.ece|title=Women’s reservation Bill will be implemented only after 2029: Amit Shah}}</ref>

==Provisions==
The proposed legislation defines the 33% women reservation to continue for 15 years. Additionally, it mandates that a quota for individuals belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] be established within the reserved seats designated for women.<ref name="wion5TA">{{cite news |title=India: 5 key takeaways from Women's Reservation Bill aka 'Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam' |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-5-key-takeaways-from-womens-reservation-bill-aka-nari-shakti-vandan-adhiniyam-637652 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=WION |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Implementation==
The reservation was defined to be implemented once a new census is published and the delimitation exercise is completed. Union Home Minister Amit Shah said in the House that a census will be carried out to implement the women's reservation bill, right after the elections. He also said that the next government will carry out the delimitation soon after the 2024 Lok Sabha polls, brushing aside the apprehensions of a delay in the bill's implementation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census, delimitation exercise after election: Amit Shah on women’s quota bill |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amit-shah-census-delimitation-exercise-women-reservation-bill-lok-sabha-parliament-2438277-2023-09-20 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>. The process of delimitation entails the revision of constituency boundaries pertaining to Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, with the aim of accurately reflecting increase in population distribution. To be fully ratified, the bill needs ratification from a minimum of 50% of the states. The constitutional reasoning for requiring ratification by the states is its potential impact of the bill on the rights of states.<ref name="wion5TA" />

==See also==
* [[Women's political participation in India]]
* [[Women's Reservation Bill (2010)]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Parliament of India}}
{{Law}}
{{India topics}}

[[Category:Parliament of India]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:National legislatures|India]]
[[Category:Government of India]]
[[Category:Politics of India]]
[[Category:2023 in India]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]

{{India-law-stub}}

Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Creating a new article