imported>Rdp060707: Reverted edits by Mr.kumar2882 (talk) to last revision by Marcocapelle: factual errors

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Reverted edits by Mr.kumar2882 (talk) to last revision by Marcocapelle: factual errors

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}

'''Narendra Nath Sen Gupta''' (23 December 1889 – 13 June 1944) was a [[Harvard University|Harvard]]-educated [[India]]n [[psychologist]], [[philosopher]], and [[professor]], who is generally recognized as the founder of [[modern psychology]] in India along with [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Scientist]] [[Gunamudian David Boaz]].<ref name="Tufts">Tufts, Jr., W. ''Harvard College Class of 1913, Secretary's second report, June 1917''. Norwood, MA: Plimpton Press.</ref><ref name="Asthana">Asthana, H. S. (2008). Modern psychology in India: Reminiscences and reflections. ''[[Psychological Studies]]'', ''53''(1), 1-6.</ref> In 1916 he established the First independent department of [[psychology]] in India–the Department of [[Experimental psychology|Experimental Psychology]], at the [[University of Calcutta]], the second being in [[University of Madras]] by Dr.[[Gunamudian David Boaz]].<ref name="Dalal">Dalal, A. K. (2002). Psychology in India: A historical introduction. In G. Misra & A. K. Mohanty (Eds.), ''Perspectives on Indigenous Psychology'' (79-108). New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing Company.</ref>

Sen Gupta also played an instrumental role in the establishment of the Section of Psychology and Educational Science division of the [[Indian Science Congress Association]] in 1923, an occurrence that emphasized the scientific nature of psychological research, and bestowed upon psychology the status of a [[science]] in India. Sen Gupta was also the founder of the ''Indian Psychological Association'', and the founding editor of the first official psychology journal in India, the ''Indian Journal of Psychology''.<ref name="INSA">Indian National Science Academy. (2009). ''Compendium of INSA Fellows''. Retrieved from http://insaindia.org/pdf/S-Fin.pdf</ref> In 1929, Sen Gupta and [[Radhakamal Mukerjee]] published ''Introduction to Social Psychology'', one of the first texts covering the topic of [[social psychology]] published in India.<ref name="Asthana"/>

== Early life ==
Sen Gupta was born in [[Faridpur, India]], in 1889, to Turini Charan and Muktakeshi Sen Gupta.<ref name="Tufts"/> He attended Bengal National College, an [[educational institution]] that was founded as a means of challenging British [[hegemony]] in India by putting education exclusively under national control (i.e., achieving self-reliance through education). Sen Gupta appeared to have been interested in the practical application of science from a young age. His rigorous and systematic [[exercise]] routines not only contributed to his physical strength and definition but they were also renowned in his village.<ref name="Sen Gupta">Sen Gupta, K. C. & Ghosh, B. C. (1930). "Muscle controls and barbell exercise." Calcutta, India: Lakshmibilas Press Limited.</ref> (Reference check needed - Keshub Chandra Sen-Gupta?)

==At Harvard==
Sen Gupta attended [[Harvard College]] from 1910 to 1913, during which he received his atrium baccalaureus (i.e., bachelor of arts degree).<ref name="Tufts"/> He was a recipient of the Richard Manning Hodges scholarship and a member of the [[Phi Beta Kappa Society|Phi Beta Kappa]] honor society.<ref name="CSM">Author Unknown, (1913, 18 March). India Harvard student makes Phi Beta Kappa. ''Christian Science Monitor, V''(95), p. 1.</ref> After completing his [[undergraduate degree]], he enrolled in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at Harvard, and received his atrium magister (i.e., master of arts degree) in 1914. Sen Gupta had the opportunity to study under [[Hugo Münsterberg]] at Harvard, and continued his training in psychology with [[Robert Yerkes]] and [[Edwin Holt]].<ref name="Asthana"/> Sen Gupta received his doctorate in philosophy from Harvard University in 1915, after successfully defending his dissertation, "Anti-Intellectualism: A Study in Contemporary Epistemology."

==At the University of Calcutta==
Sen Gupta returned to India in August 1915, and was appointed lecturer in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Calcutta in January 1916.<ref name=Tufts2>Tufts, Jr., W. (Ed.) (1920). ''Harvard College Class of 1913, Secretary’s third report, June 1920''. Norwood, MA: Plimpton Press.</ref> During that same year, he was asked to become chairman of a newly established Department of Experimental Psychology at the university. Sen Gupta's responsibilities as chairman included the development of a psychology program, teaching psychology and [[philosophy]], and laboratory research in psychology. In August 1916, Sen Gupta married Kamala Sen.

===Psychological research===
Laboratory research at the University of Calcutta primarily focused on the areas of [[depth perception]], [[psychophysics]], and [[attention]].<ref name="Dalal"/> As a leading proponent of the scientific nature of psychological research, Sen Gupta was instrumental in the inclusion of psychology as a distinct division of the Indian Science Congress in 1923, and was elected president of the division in 1925. Sen Gupta also played an integral role in the founding of the Indian Psychological Association in 1924, and became the founding editor of the ''Indian Journal of Psychology'' in 1925.<ref name="INSA"/> Despite Sen Gupta's focus on the promotion of experimental psychology, his literary contributions to psychological knowledge include a significant number of non-empirical papers regarding the social, ethnic, experimental, education, criminal, and religious aspects of psychology. This apparent disparity appears to have been common among early Indian psychologists who compartmentalized their work in experimental psychology, which was modeled after Western psychological tradition, from other scholarly and personally satisfying pursuits.<ref name="Dalal"/>

==At the University of Lucknow==
In 1928, Sen Gupta left Calcutta to assume an administrative position at the [[University of Lucknow]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Dalal"/> At the University of Lucknow, he collaborated with Radhakamal Mukerjee, an eminent [[sociologist]], to write a text on social psychology. Although the text, ''Introduction to Social Psychology: Mind in Society'', was one of the first books written on social psychology in India, it was reviewed as more sociological in tone than psychological.<ref name=Hunt>Hunt, W. A. (1929). Review of 'Introduction to Social Psychology' [Review of the book ''Introduction to Social Psychology'']. ''Psychology Bulletin, 26''(12), 712. {{doi|10.1037/h0067280}}</ref> In addition, reviews stated that the book was written from the stance of Western research literature that was current at the time, and included minimal material from Indian sources, thus representing the [[westernization]] of [[scholarship]] in India.<ref name=Faris>Faris, E. (1929). Review [Review of the books ''Social Psychology Interpreted, Introduction to Social Psychology, An Outline of Social Psychology, Social Psychology: The Psychology of Political Domination'']. ''The American Journal of Sociology, 35''(2), 304-308.</ref>

===Influence on curriculum===
Sen Gupta was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the University of Lucknow in 1929.<ref name="Asthana"/> He introduced psychology into the philosophy curricula, and soon established the Department of Experimental Psychology, which focused primarily on social and experimental psychology. By the mid-1930s, he began [[mentoring]] students in experimental psychology, including Indian psychologists Raj Narain and H. S. Asthana. While at Lucknow, Sen Gupta published ''Heredity in Mental Traits'' (1942) and ''Mental Growth and Decay'' (1940).<ref name=Vidyarthi>Vidyarthi, L. P. (1978). ''Rise of Anthropology in India.'' New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing Company.</ref> However, his interests shifted to the [[psychology of religion]] during the latter portion of his life, and he focused on experimentally investigating "[[Sadhana]]," the spiritual pursuit required for the accomplishment of goals. As a student of [[Sanskrit]] and [[Pali language]]s, Sen Gupta drew from original literature from [[religious text]]s of ancient India and the classics of [[Christian mysticism]] to write his "''magnum opus''," which he planned to publish under the title of ''Mechanisms of Ecstasy''. The manuscript was lost in the confusion following Sen Gupta's death in June 1944 due to a [[stroke]].

== Publications ==
Sen Gupta made contributions to the disciplines of psychology, philosophy, [[education]], and [[anthropology]] in India. He was the founding editor of the ''Indian Journal of Psychology'', and his writings include:

*''Introduction to Social Psychology'' (1928), co-authored with Radhakamal Mukerjee
*''Mental Growth and Decay'' (1940)
*''Heredity in Mental Traits'' (1942)

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian psychologists]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta faculty]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow faculty]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century psychologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]

Narendra Nath Sen Gupta - Revision history

imported>Rdp060707: Reverted edits by Mr.kumar2882 (talk) to last revision by Marcocapelle: factual errors