Narendra Modi - Revision history

Editorial Oversight: Restored revision 563994 by Editorial Oversight (talk): Vandalism

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Restored revision 563994 by Editorial Oversight (talk): Vandalism

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	'''Narendra Damodardas Modi ~~Chaiwala~~'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]]. ~~Saala chaiwala madarchod tumko jeene ka koi haq nahi hai bee marjaa saale~~		'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].

	Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list		Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list
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	In the [[2014 Indian general election]], Modi led the BJP to a [[Lok Sabha\|parliamentary]] majority, the first for a party since [[1984 Indian general election\|1984]]. His administration increased [[Foreign direct investment\|direct foreign investment]] and reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social-welfare programmes. Modi began a [[Swachh Bharat Mission\|high-profile sanitation campaign]] and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. His [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation\|demonetisation of banknotes in 2016]] and introduction of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)\|Goods and Services Tax]] in 2017 sparked controversy. Modi's administration launched the [[2019 Balakot airstrike]] against an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan; the airstrike failed,<ref>{{citation\|last1=Lalwani\|first1=Sameer\|last2=Tallo\|first2=Emily\|date=17 April 2019\|title=Did India shoot down a Pakistani F-16 in February? This just became a big deal: There are broader implications for India — and the United States\|newspaper=Washington Post\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/\|access-date=27 January 2023\|archive-date=30 November 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130122209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last=Hall\|first=Ian\|title = India's 2019 General Election: National Security and the Rise of the Watchmen\|journal=The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs\|volume= 108\|year=2019\|issue=5\|pages=507–519, 510\|doi=10.1080/00358533.2019.1658360 \|s2cid=203266692 \|hdl=10072/387751\|hdl-access=free}}</ref> but the action had nationalist appeal.<ref>{{citation\|last=Jaffrelot\|first=Christophe\|title=Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|year=2021\|isbn=978-0-691-22309-4 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7USEAAAQBAJ}}</ref> Modi's party won the [[2019 Indian general election\|2019 general election]]. In its second term, his administration [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir\|revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]] and introduced the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019\|Citizenship Amendment Act]], prompting [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests\|widespread protests]] and spurring the [[2020 Delhi riots]] in which Muslims were targeted by Hindu mobs.<ref>{{citation\|title='I cannot find my father's body': Delhi's fearful Muslims mourn riot dead\|last1=Ellis-Peterson\|first1=Hannah\|last2=Azizur Rahman\|first2=Shaikh\|location=Delhi\|work=The Guardian\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead\|date=6 March 2020\|access-date=7 March 2020\|archive-date=6 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306202841/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last1=Wamsley\|first1=Laurel\|last2=Frayer\|first2=Lauren\|publisher=NPR\|title=In New Delhi, Days Of Deadly Violence And Riots\|date=26 February 2020\|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots\|access-date=25 March 2020\|archive-date=4 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304090353/https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last1=Abi-Habib\|first1=Maria\|title=Violence in India Threatens Its Global Ambitions\|date=5 March 2020\|work=The New York Times\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html\|access-date=6 March 2020\|archive-date=5 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305231044/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> Three controversial [[2020 Indian agriculture acts\|farm laws]] led to [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest\|sit-ins]] by farmers across the country, eventually causing their formal repeal. Modi oversaw India's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India\|COVID-19 pandemic]], during which, according to the [[World Health Organization]], 4.7 million Indians died.<ref name="Grimley">{{#invoke:cite\|news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 \|title=Covid: World's true pandemic death toll nearly 15 million, says WHO \|first1=Naomi \|last1=Grimley \|first2=Jack \|last2=Cornish \|first3=Nassos \|last3=Stylianou \|work=BBC News \|date=5 May 2022 \|access-date=22 August 2022 \|archive-date=13 May 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513235736/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biswas">{{#invoke:cite\|news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 \|title=Why India's real Covid toll may never be known \|first=Soutik \|last=Biswas \|date=5 May 2022 \|work=BBC \|access-date=22 August 2022 \|archive-date=21 August 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821214838/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 \|url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election\|2024 general election]], Modi's party lost its majority in the lower house of Parliament and formed a government leading the [[National Democratic Alliance]] coalition. Following a [[2025 Pahalgam attack\|terrorist attack]] in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, Modi presided over the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]], which resulted in a ceasefire. ~~Marjaa saala madachod tu kutte ki maukar~~		In the [[2014 Indian general election]], Modi led the BJP to a [[Lok Sabha\|parliamentary]] majority, the first for a party since [[1984 Indian general election\|1984]]. His administration increased [[Foreign direct investment\|direct foreign investment]] and reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social-welfare programmes. Modi began a [[Swachh Bharat Mission\|high-profile sanitation campaign]] and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. His [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation\|demonetisation of banknotes in 2016]] and introduction of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)\|Goods and Services Tax]] in 2017 sparked controversy. Modi's administration launched the [[2019 Balakot airstrike]] against an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan; the airstrike failed,<ref>{{citation\|last1=Lalwani\|first1=Sameer\|last2=Tallo\|first2=Emily\|date=17 April 2019\|title=Did India shoot down a Pakistani F-16 in February? This just became a big deal: There are broader implications for India — and the United States\|newspaper=Washington Post\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/\|access-date=27 January 2023\|archive-date=30 November 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130122209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last=Hall\|first=Ian\|title = India's 2019 General Election: National Security and the Rise of the Watchmen\|journal=The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs\|volume= 108\|year=2019\|issue=5\|pages=507–519, 510\|doi=10.1080/00358533.2019.1658360 \|s2cid=203266692 \|hdl=10072/387751\|hdl-access=free}}</ref> but the action had nationalist appeal.<ref>{{citation\|last=Jaffrelot\|first=Christophe\|title=Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|year=2021\|isbn=978-0-691-22309-4 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7USEAAAQBAJ}}</ref> Modi's party won the [[2019 Indian general election\|2019 general election]]. In its second term, his administration [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir\|revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]] and introduced the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019\|Citizenship Amendment Act]], prompting [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests\|widespread protests]] and spurring the [[2020 Delhi riots]] in which Muslims were targeted by Hindu mobs.<ref>{{citation\|title='I cannot find my father's body': Delhi's fearful Muslims mourn riot dead\|last1=Ellis-Peterson\|first1=Hannah\|last2=Azizur Rahman\|first2=Shaikh\|location=Delhi\|work=The Guardian\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead\|date=6 March 2020\|access-date=7 March 2020\|archive-date=6 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306202841/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last1=Wamsley\|first1=Laurel\|last2=Frayer\|first2=Lauren\|publisher=NPR\|title=In New Delhi, Days Of Deadly Violence And Riots\|date=26 February 2020\|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots\|access-date=25 March 2020\|archive-date=4 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304090353/https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last1=Abi-Habib\|first1=Maria\|title=Violence in India Threatens Its Global Ambitions\|date=5 March 2020\|work=The New York Times\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html\|access-date=6 March 2020\|archive-date=5 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305231044/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> Three controversial [[2020 Indian agriculture acts\|farm laws]] led to [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest\|sit-ins]] by farmers across the country, eventually causing their formal repeal. Modi oversaw India's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India\|COVID-19 pandemic]], during which, according to the [[World Health Organization]], 4.7 million Indians died.<ref name="Grimley">{{#invoke:cite\|news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 \|title=Covid: World's true pandemic death toll nearly 15 million, says WHO \|first1=Naomi \|last1=Grimley \|first2=Jack \|last2=Cornish \|first3=Nassos \|last3=Stylianou \|work=BBC News \|date=5 May 2022 \|access-date=22 August 2022 \|archive-date=13 May 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513235736/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biswas">{{#invoke:cite\|news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 \|title=Why India's real Covid toll may never be known \|first=Soutik \|last=Biswas \|date=5 May 2022 \|work=BBC \|access-date=22 August 2022 \|archive-date=21 August 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821214838/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 \|url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election\|2024 general election]], Modi's party lost its majority in the lower house of Parliament and formed a government leading the [[National Democratic Alliance]] coalition. Following a [[2025 Pahalgam attack\|terrorist attack]] in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, Modi presided over the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]], which resulted in a ceasefire.

	Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced [[democratic backsliding]], or the weakening of democratic institutions, [[individual rights]], and [[freedom of expression]].{{Efn\|name=lo9\|group=lower-alpha\|Sources:<br />{{bulleted list		Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced [[democratic backsliding]], or the weakening of democratic institutions, [[individual rights]], and [[freedom of expression]].{{Efn\|name=lo9\|group=lower-alpha\|Sources:<br />{{bulleted list

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	'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]]. Saala chaiwala madarchod tumko jeene ka koi haq nahi hai bee marjaa saale		'''Narendra Damodardas Modi Chaiwala'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]]. Saala chaiwala madarchod tumko jeene ka koi haq nahi hai bee marjaa saale

	Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list		Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list

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	In the [[2014 Indian general election]], Modi led the BJP to a [[Lok Sabha\|parliamentary]] majority, the first for a party since [[1984 Indian general election\|1984]]. His administration increased [[Foreign direct investment\|direct foreign investment]] and reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social-welfare programmes. Modi began a [[Swachh Bharat Mission\|high-profile sanitation campaign]] and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. His [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation\|demonetisation of banknotes in 2016]] and introduction of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)\|Goods and Services Tax]] in 2017 sparked controversy. Modi's administration launched the [[2019 Balakot airstrike]] against an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan; the airstrike failed,<ref>{{citation\|last1=Lalwani\|first1=Sameer\|last2=Tallo\|first2=Emily\|date=17 April 2019\|title=Did India shoot down a Pakistani F-16 in February? This just became a big deal: There are broader implications for India — and the United States\|newspaper=Washington Post\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/\|access-date=27 January 2023\|archive-date=30 November 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130122209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last=Hall\|first=Ian\|title = India's 2019 General Election: National Security and the Rise of the Watchmen\|journal=The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs\|volume= 108\|year=2019\|issue=5\|pages=507–519, 510\|doi=10.1080/00358533.2019.1658360 \|s2cid=203266692 \|hdl=10072/387751\|hdl-access=free}}</ref> but the action had nationalist appeal.<ref>{{citation\|last=Jaffrelot\|first=Christophe\|title=Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|year=2021\|isbn=978-0-691-22309-4 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7USEAAAQBAJ}}</ref> Modi's party won the [[2019 Indian general election\|2019 general election]]. In its second term, his administration [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir\|revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]] and introduced the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019\|Citizenship Amendment Act]], prompting [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests\|widespread protests]] and spurring the [[2020 Delhi riots]] in which Muslims were targeted by Hindu mobs.<ref>{{citation\|title='I cannot find my father's body': Delhi's fearful Muslims mourn riot dead\|last1=Ellis-Peterson\|first1=Hannah\|last2=Azizur Rahman\|first2=Shaikh\|location=Delhi\|work=The Guardian\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead\|date=6 March 2020\|access-date=7 March 2020\|archive-date=6 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306202841/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last1=Wamsley\|first1=Laurel\|last2=Frayer\|first2=Lauren\|publisher=NPR\|title=In New Delhi, Days Of Deadly Violence And Riots\|date=26 February 2020\|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots\|access-date=25 March 2020\|archive-date=4 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304090353/https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last1=Abi-Habib\|first1=Maria\|title=Violence in India Threatens Its Global Ambitions\|date=5 March 2020\|work=The New York Times\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html\|access-date=6 March 2020\|archive-date=5 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305231044/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> Three controversial [[2020 Indian agriculture acts\|farm laws]] led to [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest\|sit-ins]] by farmers across the country, eventually causing their formal repeal. Modi oversaw India's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India\|COVID-19 pandemic]], during which, according to the [[World Health Organization]], 4.7 million Indians died.<ref name="Grimley">{{#invoke:cite\|news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 \|title=Covid: World's true pandemic death toll nearly 15 million, says WHO \|first1=Naomi \|last1=Grimley \|first2=Jack \|last2=Cornish \|first3=Nassos \|last3=Stylianou \|work=BBC News \|date=5 May 2022 \|access-date=22 August 2022 \|archive-date=13 May 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513235736/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biswas">{{#invoke:cite\|news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 \|title=Why India's real Covid toll may never be known \|first=Soutik \|last=Biswas \|date=5 May 2022 \|work=BBC \|access-date=22 August 2022 \|archive-date=21 August 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821214838/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 \|url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election\|2024 general election]], Modi's party lost its majority in the lower house of Parliament and formed a government leading the [[National Democratic Alliance]] coalition. Following a [[2025 Pahalgam attack\|terrorist attack]] in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, Modi presided over the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]], which resulted in a ceasefire.		In the [[2014 Indian general election]], Modi led the BJP to a [[Lok Sabha\|parliamentary]] majority, the first for a party since [[1984 Indian general election\|1984]]. His administration increased [[Foreign direct investment\|direct foreign investment]] and reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social-welfare programmes. Modi began a [[Swachh Bharat Mission\|high-profile sanitation campaign]] and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. His [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation\|demonetisation of banknotes in 2016]] and introduction of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)\|Goods and Services Tax]] in 2017 sparked controversy. Modi's administration launched the [[2019 Balakot airstrike]] against an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan; the airstrike failed,<ref>{{citation\|last1=Lalwani\|first1=Sameer\|last2=Tallo\|first2=Emily\|date=17 April 2019\|title=Did India shoot down a Pakistani F-16 in February? This just became a big deal: There are broader implications for India — and the United States\|newspaper=Washington Post\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/\|access-date=27 January 2023\|archive-date=30 November 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130122209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last=Hall\|first=Ian\|title = India's 2019 General Election: National Security and the Rise of the Watchmen\|journal=The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs\|volume= 108\|year=2019\|issue=5\|pages=507–519, 510\|doi=10.1080/00358533.2019.1658360 \|s2cid=203266692 \|hdl=10072/387751\|hdl-access=free}}</ref> but the action had nationalist appeal.<ref>{{citation\|last=Jaffrelot\|first=Christophe\|title=Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|year=2021\|isbn=978-0-691-22309-4 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7USEAAAQBAJ}}</ref> Modi's party won the [[2019 Indian general election\|2019 general election]]. In its second term, his administration [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir\|revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]] and introduced the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019\|Citizenship Amendment Act]], prompting [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests\|widespread protests]] and spurring the [[2020 Delhi riots]] in which Muslims were targeted by Hindu mobs.<ref>{{citation\|title='I cannot find my father's body': Delhi's fearful Muslims mourn riot dead\|last1=Ellis-Peterson\|first1=Hannah\|last2=Azizur Rahman\|first2=Shaikh\|location=Delhi\|work=The Guardian\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead\|date=6 March 2020\|access-date=7 March 2020\|archive-date=6 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306202841/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last1=Wamsley\|first1=Laurel\|last2=Frayer\|first2=Lauren\|publisher=NPR\|title=In New Delhi, Days Of Deadly Violence And Riots\|date=26 February 2020\|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots\|access-date=25 March 2020\|archive-date=4 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304090353/https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last1=Abi-Habib\|first1=Maria\|title=Violence in India Threatens Its Global Ambitions\|date=5 March 2020\|work=The New York Times\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html\|access-date=6 March 2020\|archive-date=5 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305231044/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> Three controversial [[2020 Indian agriculture acts\|farm laws]] led to [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest\|sit-ins]] by farmers across the country, eventually causing their formal repeal. Modi oversaw India's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India\|COVID-19 pandemic]], during which, according to the [[World Health Organization]], 4.7 million Indians died.<ref name="Grimley">{{#invoke:cite\|news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 \|title=Covid: World's true pandemic death toll nearly 15 million, says WHO \|first1=Naomi \|last1=Grimley \|first2=Jack \|last2=Cornish \|first3=Nassos \|last3=Stylianou \|work=BBC News \|date=5 May 2022 \|access-date=22 August 2022 \|archive-date=13 May 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513235736/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biswas">{{#invoke:cite\|news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 \|title=Why India's real Covid toll may never be known \|first=Soutik \|last=Biswas \|date=5 May 2022 \|work=BBC \|access-date=22 August 2022 \|archive-date=21 August 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821214838/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 \|url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election\|2024 general election]], Modi's party lost its majority in the lower house of Parliament and formed a government leading the [[National Democratic Alliance]] coalition. Following a [[2025 Pahalgam attack\|terrorist attack]] in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, Modi presided over the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]], which resulted in a ceasefire. Marjaa saala madachod tu kutte ki maukar

	Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced [[democratic backsliding]], or the weakening of democratic institutions, [[individual rights]], and [[freedom of expression]].{{Efn\|name=lo9\|group=lower-alpha\|Sources:<br />{{bulleted list		Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced [[democratic backsliding]], or the weakening of democratic institutions, [[individual rights]], and [[freedom of expression]].{{Efn\|name=lo9\|group=lower-alpha\|Sources:<br />{{bulleted list

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	{{Narendra Modi series}}		{{Narendra Modi series}}
	'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].		'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]]. Saala chaiwala madarchod tumko jeene ka koi haq nahi hai bee marjaa saale

	Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list		Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list

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	{{Narendra Modi series}}		{{Narendra Modi series}}
	'''Narendra Damodardas Modi ~~AKA ChaiWala~~''' ~~and Vote Chore~~{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].		'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].

	Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list		Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list
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	\|{{#invoke:cite\|news\|first1=Vindu\|last1=Goel\|first2=Jeffrey\|last2=Gettleman\|date=2 April 2020\|title=Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore\|language=en-US\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402132111/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html \|archive-date=2 April 2020 \|url-access=limited \|url-status=live\|access-date=9 March 2021\|issn=0362-4331}}		\|{{#invoke:cite\|news\|first1=Vindu\|last1=Goel\|first2=Jeffrey\|last2=Gettleman\|date=2 April 2020\|title=Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore\|language=en-US\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402132111/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html \|archive-date=2 April 2020 \|url-access=limited \|url-status=live\|access-date=9 March 2021\|issn=0362-4331}}
	\|{{cite web \|title='Messianic spell': how Narendra Modi created a cult of personality \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/19/messianic-spell-how-narendra-modi-created-a-cult-personality \|date=19 April 2024 \|first=Hannah \|last=Ellis-Petersen \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419152154/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/19/messianic-spell-how-narendra-modi-created-a-cult-personality \|archive-date=19 April 2024 \|website=[[The Guardian]]}}		\|{{cite web \|title='Messianic spell': how Narendra Modi created a cult of personality \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/19/messianic-spell-how-narendra-modi-created-a-cult-personality \|date=19 April 2024 \|first=Hannah \|last=Ellis-Petersen \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419152154/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/19/messianic-spell-how-narendra-modi-created-a-cult-personality \|archive-date=19 April 2024 \|website=[[The Guardian]]}}
	}}}}<ref>{{citation\|last1=Welzel\|first1=Christian\|last2=Inglehart\|first2=Ronald\|last3=Bernhangen\|first3=Patrick\|last4=Haerpfer\|first4=Christian W.\|editor1-last=Welzel \|editor1-first=Christian\|editor2-last=Inglehart\|editor2-first=Ronald\|editor3-last=Bernhangen\|editor3-first=Patrick\|editor4-last=Haerpfer \|editor4-first=Christian W. \|chapter=Introduction \|title=Democratization \|year=2019\|pages=4, 7\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IN8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-873228-0}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last=Chidambaram\|first=Soundarya\|chapter=India's Inexorable Path to Autocratization: Looking beyond Modi and the populist lens \|year=2022 \|title=Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia\|editor-last=Widmalm\|editor-first=Sten\|publisher=Routledge\|pages=130–148\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNBUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT138\|doi= 10.4324/9781003042211-11\|s2cid=245210210\|doi-access=free}}</ref> As prime minister, he has received [[Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership\|consistently high approval ratings]].<ref name="Kaul">{{cite book\|last1=Kaul \|first1=Volker \|title=Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe \|last2=Vajpeyi \|first2=Ananya \|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] \|year=2020 \|isbn=978-3-030-34098-8 \|pages=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Global Leader Approval Ratings \|url=https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=[[Morning Consult]] \|language=en-US \|archive-date=28 November 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128023901/https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=PM Narendra Modi continues to be most popular global leader with approval rating of 74%: Survey \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=[[The Times of India]] \|date=12 August 2022 \|language=en \|archive-date=9 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909053544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms \|url-status=live }}</ref> Modi has been described as engineering a political realignment towards [[right-wing politics]]. He remains a controversial figure domestically and internationally, over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and handling of the Gujarat riots, which have been cited as evidence of a majoritarian and exclusionary social agenda.{{efn\|Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi:<ref name="Buncombe">{{cite news\|title=A rebirth dogged by controversy \|first=Andrew \|last=Buncombe \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html \|work=[[The Independent]] \|date=19 September 2011 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|location=London \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225024707/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html \|archive-date=25 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Visweswaran \|first=Kamala \|title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation\|date=April 2011\|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] \|isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5\|page=188\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-EYXNnvMugC\|oclc=682895189\|editor=Visweswaran, Kamala\|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="Stepan">{{cite journal\|last1=Stepan \|first1=Alfred \|s2cid=153861198 \|title=India, Sri Lanka, and the Majoritarian Danger \|journal=[[Journal of Democracy]] \|volume=26 \|pages=128–140 \|language=en \|doi=10.1353/jod.2015.0006 \|date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ganguly 2014-10" /><ref>{{cite news\|title=Indian PM Narendra Modi still mired in controversy, says expert\|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]\|date=16 April 2015\|access-date=17 February 2017\|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014073116/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836\|archive-date=14 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine\|title=India's Voters Torn Over Politician \|first=Simon \|last=Robinson \|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html \|magazine=[[Time (magazine)\|Time]] \|date=11 December 2007 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023030008/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html \|archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Gujarat leader Narendra Modi grilled for 10 hours at massacre inquiry \|first1=Jason \|last1=Burke \|author-link=Jason Burke \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india \|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] \|date=28 March 2010 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909181320/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india \|archive-date=9 September 2013 }}</ref>\|name=\|group=}}Narendra Modi and the BJP have faced serious allegations from political opponents over alleged “vote chori” and irregularities in the electoral process. Opposition leaders, particularly Rahul Gandhi and the Congress, have alleged manipulation of voter rolls and questioned the conduct of elections. These accusations have led to significant political controversy and public debate.		}}}}<ref>{{citation\|last1=Welzel\|first1=Christian\|last2=Inglehart\|first2=Ronald\|last3=Bernhangen\|first3=Patrick\|last4=Haerpfer\|first4=Christian W.\|editor1-last=Welzel \|editor1-first=Christian\|editor2-last=Inglehart\|editor2-first=Ronald\|editor3-last=Bernhangen\|editor3-first=Patrick\|editor4-last=Haerpfer \|editor4-first=Christian W. \|chapter=Introduction \|title=Democratization \|year=2019\|pages=4, 7\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IN8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-873228-0}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last=Chidambaram\|first=Soundarya\|chapter=India's Inexorable Path to Autocratization: Looking beyond Modi and the populist lens \|year=2022 \|title=Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia\|editor-last=Widmalm\|editor-first=Sten\|publisher=Routledge\|pages=130–148\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNBUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT138\|doi= 10.4324/9781003042211-11\|s2cid=245210210\|doi-access=free}}</ref> As prime minister, he has received [[Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership\|consistently high approval ratings]].<ref name="Kaul">{{cite book\|last1=Kaul \|first1=Volker \|title=Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe \|last2=Vajpeyi \|first2=Ananya \|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] \|year=2020 \|isbn=978-3-030-34098-8 \|pages=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Global Leader Approval Ratings \|url=https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=[[Morning Consult]] \|language=en-US \|archive-date=28 November 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128023901/https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=PM Narendra Modi continues to be most popular global leader with approval rating of 74%: Survey \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=[[The Times of India]] \|date=12 August 2022 \|language=en \|archive-date=9 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909053544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms \|url-status=live }}</ref> Modi has been described as engineering a political realignment towards [[right-wing politics]]. He remains a controversial figure domestically and internationally, over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and handling of the Gujarat riots, which have been cited as evidence of a majoritarian and exclusionary social agenda.{{efn\|Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi:<ref name="Buncombe">{{cite news\|title=A rebirth dogged by controversy \|first=Andrew \|last=Buncombe \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html \|work=[[The Independent]] \|date=19 September 2011 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|location=London \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225024707/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html \|archive-date=25 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Visweswaran \|first=Kamala \|title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation\|date=April 2011\|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] \|isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5\|page=188\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-EYXNnvMugC\|oclc=682895189\|editor=Visweswaran, Kamala\|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="Stepan">{{cite journal\|last1=Stepan \|first1=Alfred \|s2cid=153861198 \|title=India, Sri Lanka, and the Majoritarian Danger \|journal=[[Journal of Democracy]] \|volume=26 \|pages=128–140 \|language=en \|doi=10.1353/jod.2015.0006 \|date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ganguly 2014-10" /><ref>{{cite news\|title=Indian PM Narendra Modi still mired in controversy, says expert\|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]\|date=16 April 2015\|access-date=17 February 2017\|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014073116/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836\|archive-date=14 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine\|title=India's Voters Torn Over Politician \|first=Simon \|last=Robinson \|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html \|magazine=[[Time (magazine)\|Time]] \|date=11 December 2007 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023030008/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html \|archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Gujarat leader Narendra Modi grilled for 10 hours at massacre inquiry \|first1=Jason \|last1=Burke \|author-link=Jason Burke \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india \|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] \|date=28 March 2010 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909181320/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india \|archive-date=9 September 2013 }}</ref>\|name=\|group=}}

	~~Modi and the BJP have rejected these allegations, while the Election Commission has also disputed several of the claims and asked for evidence through the established legal process.~~

	The demand for transparency remains clear: allegations concerning voters, electoral rolls and the integrity of elections should be investigated openly, with evidence made available to the public. No political leader should be above scrutiny, and voters deserve confidence that every legitimate vote is counted fairly.

	== Early life and education ==		== Early life and education ==

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	{{Narendra Modi series}}		{{Narendra Modi series}}
	'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].		'''Narendra Damodardas Modi AKA ChaiWala''' and Vote Chore{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].

	Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list		Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list

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	{{Narendra Modi series}}		{{Narendra Modi series}}
	'''Narendra Damodardas Modi ~~AKA ChaiWala~~''' ~~and Vote Chore~~{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].		'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].

	Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list		Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list

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	{{Narendra Modi series}}		{{Narendra Modi series}}
	'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].		'''Narendra Damodardas Modi AKA ChaiWala''' and Vote Chore{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].

	Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list		Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list

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Vote chote modi

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	\|{{#invoke:cite\|news\|first1=Vindu\|last1=Goel\|first2=Jeffrey\|last2=Gettleman\|date=2 April 2020\|title=Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore\|language=en-US\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402132111/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html \|archive-date=2 April 2020 \|url-access=limited \|url-status=live\|access-date=9 March 2021\|issn=0362-4331}}		\|{{#invoke:cite\|news\|first1=Vindu\|last1=Goel\|first2=Jeffrey\|last2=Gettleman\|date=2 April 2020\|title=Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore\|language=en-US\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402132111/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html \|archive-date=2 April 2020 \|url-access=limited \|url-status=live\|access-date=9 March 2021\|issn=0362-4331}}
	\|{{cite web \|title='Messianic spell': how Narendra Modi created a cult of personality \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/19/messianic-spell-how-narendra-modi-created-a-cult-personality \|date=19 April 2024 \|first=Hannah \|last=Ellis-Petersen \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419152154/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/19/messianic-spell-how-narendra-modi-created-a-cult-personality \|archive-date=19 April 2024 \|website=[[The Guardian]]}}		\|{{cite web \|title='Messianic spell': how Narendra Modi created a cult of personality \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/19/messianic-spell-how-narendra-modi-created-a-cult-personality \|date=19 April 2024 \|first=Hannah \|last=Ellis-Petersen \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419152154/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/19/messianic-spell-how-narendra-modi-created-a-cult-personality \|archive-date=19 April 2024 \|website=[[The Guardian]]}}
	}}}}<ref>{{citation\|last1=Welzel\|first1=Christian\|last2=Inglehart\|first2=Ronald\|last3=Bernhangen\|first3=Patrick\|last4=Haerpfer\|first4=Christian W.\|editor1-last=Welzel \|editor1-first=Christian\|editor2-last=Inglehart\|editor2-first=Ronald\|editor3-last=Bernhangen\|editor3-first=Patrick\|editor4-last=Haerpfer \|editor4-first=Christian W. \|chapter=Introduction \|title=Democratization \|year=2019\|pages=4, 7\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IN8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-873228-0}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last=Chidambaram\|first=Soundarya\|chapter=India's Inexorable Path to Autocratization: Looking beyond Modi and the populist lens \|year=2022 \|title=Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia\|editor-last=Widmalm\|editor-first=Sten\|publisher=Routledge\|pages=130–148\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNBUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT138\|doi= 10.4324/9781003042211-11\|s2cid=245210210\|doi-access=free}}</ref> As prime minister, he has received [[Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership\|consistently high approval ratings]].<ref name="Kaul">{{cite book\|last1=Kaul \|first1=Volker \|title=Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe \|last2=Vajpeyi \|first2=Ananya \|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] \|year=2020 \|isbn=978-3-030-34098-8 \|pages=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Global Leader Approval Ratings \|url=https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=[[Morning Consult]] \|language=en-US \|archive-date=28 November 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128023901/https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=PM Narendra Modi continues to be most popular global leader with approval rating of 74%: Survey \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=[[The Times of India]] \|date=12 August 2022 \|language=en \|archive-date=9 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909053544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms \|url-status=live }}</ref> Modi has been described as engineering a political realignment towards [[right-wing politics]]. He remains a controversial figure domestically and internationally, over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and handling of the Gujarat riots, which have been cited as evidence of a majoritarian and exclusionary social agenda.{{efn\|Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi:<ref name="Buncombe">{{cite news\|title=A rebirth dogged by controversy \|first=Andrew \|last=Buncombe \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html \|work=[[The Independent]] \|date=19 September 2011 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|location=London \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225024707/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html \|archive-date=25 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Visweswaran \|first=Kamala \|title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation\|date=April 2011\|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] \|isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5\|page=188\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-EYXNnvMugC\|oclc=682895189\|editor=Visweswaran, Kamala\|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="Stepan">{{cite journal\|last1=Stepan \|first1=Alfred \|s2cid=153861198 \|title=India, Sri Lanka, and the Majoritarian Danger \|journal=[[Journal of Democracy]] \|volume=26 \|pages=128–140 \|language=en \|doi=10.1353/jod.2015.0006 \|date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ganguly 2014-10" /><ref>{{cite news\|title=Indian PM Narendra Modi still mired in controversy, says expert\|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]\|date=16 April 2015\|access-date=17 February 2017\|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014073116/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836\|archive-date=14 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine\|title=India's Voters Torn Over Politician \|first=Simon \|last=Robinson \|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html \|magazine=[[Time (magazine)\|Time]] \|date=11 December 2007 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023030008/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html \|archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Gujarat leader Narendra Modi grilled for 10 hours at massacre inquiry \|first1=Jason \|last1=Burke \|author-link=Jason Burke \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india \|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] \|date=28 March 2010 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909181320/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india \|archive-date=9 September 2013 }}</ref>\|name=\|group=}}		}}}}<ref>{{citation\|last1=Welzel\|first1=Christian\|last2=Inglehart\|first2=Ronald\|last3=Bernhangen\|first3=Patrick\|last4=Haerpfer\|first4=Christian W.\|editor1-last=Welzel \|editor1-first=Christian\|editor2-last=Inglehart\|editor2-first=Ronald\|editor3-last=Bernhangen\|editor3-first=Patrick\|editor4-last=Haerpfer \|editor4-first=Christian W. \|chapter=Introduction \|title=Democratization \|year=2019\|pages=4, 7\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IN8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-873228-0}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|last=Chidambaram\|first=Soundarya\|chapter=India's Inexorable Path to Autocratization: Looking beyond Modi and the populist lens \|year=2022 \|title=Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia\|editor-last=Widmalm\|editor-first=Sten\|publisher=Routledge\|pages=130–148\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNBUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT138\|doi= 10.4324/9781003042211-11\|s2cid=245210210\|doi-access=free}}</ref> As prime minister, he has received [[Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership\|consistently high approval ratings]].<ref name="Kaul">{{cite book\|last1=Kaul \|first1=Volker \|title=Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe \|last2=Vajpeyi \|first2=Ananya \|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] \|year=2020 \|isbn=978-3-030-34098-8 \|pages=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Global Leader Approval Ratings \|url=https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=[[Morning Consult]] \|language=en-US \|archive-date=28 November 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128023901/https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=PM Narendra Modi continues to be most popular global leader with approval rating of 74%: Survey \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=[[The Times of India]] \|date=12 August 2022 \|language=en \|archive-date=9 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909053544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms \|url-status=live }}</ref> Modi has been described as engineering a political realignment towards [[right-wing politics]]. He remains a controversial figure domestically and internationally, over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and handling of the Gujarat riots, which have been cited as evidence of a majoritarian and exclusionary social agenda.{{efn\|Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi:<ref name="Buncombe">{{cite news\|title=A rebirth dogged by controversy \|first=Andrew \|last=Buncombe \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html \|work=[[The Independent]] \|date=19 September 2011 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|location=London \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225024707/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html \|archive-date=25 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Visweswaran \|first=Kamala \|title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation\|date=April 2011\|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] \|isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5\|page=188\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-EYXNnvMugC\|oclc=682895189\|editor=Visweswaran, Kamala\|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="Stepan">{{cite journal\|last1=Stepan \|first1=Alfred \|s2cid=153861198 \|title=India, Sri Lanka, and the Majoritarian Danger \|journal=[[Journal of Democracy]] \|volume=26 \|pages=128–140 \|language=en \|doi=10.1353/jod.2015.0006 \|date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ganguly 2014-10" /><ref>{{cite news\|title=Indian PM Narendra Modi still mired in controversy, says expert\|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]\|date=16 April 2015\|access-date=17 February 2017\|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014073116/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836\|archive-date=14 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine\|title=India's Voters Torn Over Politician \|first=Simon \|last=Robinson \|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html \|magazine=[[Time (magazine)\|Time]] \|date=11 December 2007 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023030008/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html \|archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Gujarat leader Narendra Modi grilled for 10 hours at massacre inquiry \|first1=Jason \|last1=Burke \|author-link=Jason Burke \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india \|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] \|date=28 March 2010 \|access-date=10 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909181320/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india \|archive-date=9 September 2013 }}</ref>\|name=\|group=}}Narendra Modi and the BJP have faced serious allegations from political opponents over alleged “vote chori” and irregularities in the electoral process. Opposition leaders, particularly Rahul Gandhi and the Congress, have alleged manipulation of voter rolls and questioned the conduct of elections. These accusations have led to significant political controversy and public debate.

			Modi and the BJP have rejected these allegations, while the Election Commission has also disputed several of the claims and asked for evidence through the established legal process.

			The demand for transparency remains clear: allegations concerning voters, electoral rolls and the integrity of elections should be investigated openly, with evidence made available to the public. No political leader should be above scrutiny, and voters deserve confidence that every legitimate vote is counted fairly.

	== Early life and education ==		== Early life and education ==

Editorial Oversight: Restored revision 552446 by Adarshatva (talk): Vandalism

2026-09-26T12:27:27Z

Restored revision 552446 by Adarshatva (talk): Vandalism

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	{{Narendra Modi series}}		{{Narendra Modi series}}
	'''Narendra Damodardas Modi ~~AKA ChaiWala~~''' ~~and Vote Chore~~{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].		'''Narendra Damodardas Modi'''{{efn\|{{IPA\|gu\|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː\|pron}} {{audio\|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg\|listen}}; ''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendra Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people\|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic\|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{sfn\|Marino\|2014\|pp=4–5}}}} (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[Prime Minister of India\|prime minister of India]] since 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right-wing politics\|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].

	Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list		Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, becoming a full-time worker for the organisation in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn\|Sources stating that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]], especially in the case of Narendra Modi:<br />{{bulleted list