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	===Chapter 1: Everything was born in Narayana, everything ends in Narayana===		===Chapter 1: Everything was born in Narayana, everything ends in Narayana===
	The Upanishad asserts in Chapter 1 that Narayana created the [[Prana]] (life essence, breath), the senses, and the mind (Chit and the consciousness). He created the elements of the universe, namely the wind ([[Vayu]]), the light (''Jyoti''), the water ([[Ap (water)\|Ap]]), the fire ([[Agni]]), the ether (''~~Kha~~'') and the [[Prithvi]] (earth).<ref name=sanskritnarayana>[http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/nArAyaNopaniShat.html?lang=sa ॥ नारायणोपनिषत् ॥] Sanskrit text of Narayana Upanishad, SanskritDocuments Archives (2009), Quote: '''खं वायुर्ज्योतिरापः पृथिवी विश्वस्य धारिणी ।'''</ref> From him was born [[Brahman]], [[Rudra]], [[Prajapati]], the twelve [[Adityas]], [[Indra]], the eight [[Vasus]], the meters of verses, all Rishis, and all beings. Everyone is born from Narayana, and ultimately merges back into Narayana.<ref name=deussen803/>{{Sfn\|Kennedy\|1831\|p=442}}		The Upanishad asserts in Chapter 1 that Narayana created the [[Prana]] (life essence, breath), the senses, and the mind (Chit and the consciousness). He created the elements of the universe, namely the wind ([[Vayu]]), the light (''Jyoti''), the water ([[Ap (water)\|Apas]]), the fire ([[Agni]]), the ether (''Khas'') and the [[Prithvi]] (earth).<ref name=sanskritnarayana>[http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/nArAyaNopaniShat.html?lang=sa ॥ नारायणोपनिषत् ॥] Sanskrit text of Narayana Upanishad, SanskritDocuments Archives (2009), Quote: '''खं वायुर्ज्योतिरापः पृथिवी विश्वस्य धारिणी ।'''</ref> From him was born [[Brahman\|Brahma]], [[Rudra]], [[Prajapati]], the twelve [[Adityas]], [[Indra]], the elven Rudras, the eight [[Vasus]], the meters of verses, all Rishis, and all beings. Everyone is born from Narayana, and ultimately merges back into Narayana.<ref name=deussen803/>{{Sfn\|Kennedy\|1831\|p=442}}

	===Chapter 2: Narayana is one god===		===Chapter 2: Narayana is one god===
	Chapter 2 declares that Narayana is one without a second, eternal god, same as [[Brahman]], [[Shiva]], [[Indra\|Sakra]], time, the corporal, the uncorporal, the inner, the outer, this whole universe, what was, what is to be.<ref name=aiyar128/><ref name=deussen803/>		Chapter 2 declares that Narayana is one without a second, eternal god, same as [[Brahman\|Brahma]], [[Shiva]], [[Indra\|Sakra]], time, the corporal, the uncorporal, the inner, the outer, this whole universe, what was, what is to be.<ref name=aiyar128/><ref name=deussen803/>

	===Chapter 3, 4 and 5: Narayana Mantra===		===Chapter 3, 4 and 5: Narayana Mantra===

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{{Infobox Upanishad
| image = Vishnu Laxmi.jpg
| caption = Narayana with his consort [[Lakshmi]]
| alt =
| name = Narayana
| Devanagari = नारायण
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Nārāyaṇa
| meaning = Narayana the Supreme Light
| composition_date =
| authors =
| type = Vaishnava
| Veda = [[Krishna Yajurveda]]
| Brahmana =
| Aranyaka =
| chapters = 5
| verses =
| philosophy =
| commentary =
| verse =
| previous =
| next =
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
The '''''Narayana Upanishad''''' ({{lang-sa| नारायण उपनिषद्}}) is one of the minor [[Upanishads]], listed as number 18 in the extended anthology of 108 Upanishads historically recited by [[Rama]] to [[Hanuman]]. It is listed as number 33 in the early 19th-century [[Henry Thomas Colebrooke]] anthology.<ref>Paul Deussen (Translator), Sixty Upanisads of the Veda, Vol 2, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814691}}, pages 558–565</ref> It is written in [[Sanskrit]] language, attached to the Krishna (Black) [[Yajurveda]],<ref name=aiyar128/> is one of 14 [[Vaishnava]] Upanishads,{{Sfn|Tinoco|p=87}} and it recommends the [[bhakti]] of Lord [[Narayana]] (Vishnu).{{Sfn|Farquhar|1920|p=364}}

The [[Upanishad]] is, states [[Paul Deussen]], among those that can be described as "cult of formula", where meditation shifts from objects and philosophy to that of a specific formula.<ref name=deussen803/> The Narayana Upanishad posits the formula, ''"Aum Namo Narayanaya"'', a [[mantra]] as a means of reaching salvation, which is communion with [[Vishnu]].{{Sfn|Kennedy|1831|p=442}} The text is classified as one of the Mantra Upanishads.<ref name=aiyar128>K. Narayanasvami Aiyar, ''Thirty Minor Upanishads'', University of Toronto Archives, {{oclc|248723242}}, pp. viii, 128–129</ref>

The Narayana Upanishad asserts that "all gods, all [[Rishi]]s and all beings are born from Narayana, and merge into Narayana". The text, suggests Deussen, is probably compiled from passages from different era and texts.<ref name=deussen803>Paul Deussen (Translator), ''Sixty Upanisads of the Veda'', Vol. 2, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814691}} (2010 Reprint), pp. 803–805</ref>

==Contents==
The Upanishad is short, and has five chapters.<ref name=deussen803/>

===Chapter 1: Everything was born in Narayana, everything ends in Narayana===
The Upanishad asserts in Chapter 1 that Narayana created the [[Prana]] (life essence, breath), the senses, and the mind (Chit and the consciousness). He created the elements of the universe, namely the wind ([[Vayu]]), the light (''Jyoti''), the water ([[Ap (water)|Ap]]), the fire ([[Agni]]), the ether (''Kha'') and the [[Prithvi]] (earth).<ref name=sanskritnarayana>[http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/nArAyaNopaniShat.html?lang=sa ॥ नारायणोपनिषत् ॥] Sanskrit text of Narayana Upanishad, SanskritDocuments Archives (2009), Quote: '''खं वायुर्ज्योतिरापः पृथिवी विश्वस्य धारिणी ।'''</ref> From him was born [[Brahman]], [[Rudra]], [[Prajapati]], the twelve [[Adityas]], [[Indra]], the eight [[Vasus]], the meters of verses, all Rishis, and all beings. Everyone is born from Narayana, and ultimately merges back into Narayana.<ref name=deussen803/>{{Sfn|Kennedy|1831|p=442}}

===Chapter 2: Narayana is one god===
Chapter 2 declares that Narayana is one without a second, eternal god, same as [[Brahman]], [[Shiva]], [[Indra|Sakra]], time, the corporal, the uncorporal, the inner, the outer, this whole universe, what was, what is to be.<ref name=aiyar128/><ref name=deussen803/>

===Chapter 3, 4 and 5: Narayana Mantra===
Chapters 3 and 4 state that studying the Narayana Upanishad is the path to fearless life, achieving immortality, entering Brahmanhood. The mantra to study, states the text, is "Aum Namo Narayanaya", which is of 1-2-5 syllable construct, which when studied delivers one a long life and all material and non-material desires.<ref name=deussen803/>

Chapter 5 states that the one who worships with the formula, "Aum Namo Narayanaya", goes to Vishnu's heaven, becomes free from birth and [[samsara]]. A person who recites this Upanishad expiates sins and attains communion with Narayana.{{Sfn|Kennedy|1831|p=442}} It adds,

{{Quote|
<poem>
Narayana merged with one with the inner bliss, the Brahman, the Purusha,
the holy syllable consisting of A, U, and M, it became the sound [[Aum]].</poem> Narayana Upanishad 5.1|Translated by Paul Deussen<ref name=deussen803/>}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Farquhar|first=John Nicol|title=An outline of the religious literature of India|url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_80045|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford university press|year=1920|isbn=81-208-2086-X}}
*{{cite book|last= Kennedy |first=Vans |title=Researches Into the Nature and Affinity of Ancient and Hindu Mythology|url=https://archive.org/details/researchesinton00kenngoog|page= [https://archive.org/details/researchesinton00kenngoog/page/n544 442] |year=1831|publisher=Longmans, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green}}
*{{cite book|last=Tinoco|first=Carlos Alberto|title=Upanishads|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7xoNEM63hZEC&pg=PA87|publisher=IBRASA|isbn=978-85-348-0040-2}}

{{Mukhya Upanishads}}

[[Category:Upanishads]]
[[Category:Sanskrit texts]]

Narayana Upanishad - Revision history

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