imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed typos found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss and added transliteration tags so that non-English words aren't misidentified as typos by automated spellcheckers like Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

2021-05-27T14:41:46Z

Fixed typos found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss and added transliteration tags so that non-English words aren't misidentified as typos by automated spellcheckers like Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Narayana Teertha
|image =
|background = non_performing_personnel
|birth_name = Tallavajula Govinda Sastrulu
|alias =
|birth_place =
|birth_date = 1650
|death_place =
|death_date = 1745
|origin = [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
|genre = [[Carnatic music]]
|occupation = Carnatic music composer
|years_active =
|label =
|website =
}}
'''Sri Narayana Teertha''' (c. 1650 – 1745 CE) was a great saint, devotee of Sri Krishna and sang many songs on him.

==Brief lifesketch==
Narayana was born in [[South India]] in the region covered by the present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He lived in [[Kaza, Guntur district]] near Mangalagiri. They belonged to Tallavarjula family.<ref>On a lyrical note, Y. Ramaprabha rendered Sri Krishna Leela Tarangini, The Hindu, 4 December 2009.</ref> His birth name was Govinda Sastrulu. They eventually moved to [[Thanjavur]], Tamil Nadu.

While there is significant dissention as to his exact time, historians place him between 1610 and 1745 AD. An extensive research done with the help of archives preserved in [[Saraswati Mahal Library]] has helped place the time closer to 1650 AD – 1745 AD, and he reportedly lived a long life.

He mastered music at a very early age and studied ''[[Hindu epic|Puranas]]'', ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' and other [[Sanskrit]] works. He renounced family at a very early age and took on a life of a religious devotion. He went to Varanasi to spread his philosophy.

Teertha was very well versed in Music and, [[Natya Shastra]], and a great scholar in [[Sanskrit]]. He used at least 34 popular [[raga]]s. He used Triputa, Adi, Rupaka, Chapu, Jampa, Matya, Vilamba, Eka and Ata {{transl|hi|[[tala (music)|taalams]]}}. Many of the songs are structurally well set for direct use as nritya or natya padams. He carefully avoided complex usages and utilized easy expressions. His Gadyams and Padyams are exquisite in beauty. He used 17 different [[Chandas]] or meters such as Anushtup, Arya, Indravajra, Bhujangaprayadam, Shardula vikriditam, Vasanta tilaka, Prithvi.

He wrote 15 books and some of them are available in [[Benares Hindu University]] and ''Parijatapaharanam'' at Saraswathi Mahal in [[Tanjore]]. He is also credited with composing two other operas, ''Parijaa Apaharanam'' and ''Haribhakti Sudharnavam''.

Sri Narayana Tirtha received divine blessings at [[Varagur]] in Thanjavur District. His mukthi sthalam (place of eternity) is at Varagur. Although he lived in Varahur, Sri Narayana Tirtha attained Siddhi in 1745 at a nearby village called Thirupoonthuruthy under a huge mango tree, on the banks of river Kudamurutti, on the Masi Sukla Ashtami, Guruvaram, Krithika Nakshatram day. It is said that he attained 'Jeeva Samadhi' (even while alive). A small shrine has been constructed on this hallowed spot, under the sprawling mango tree.

==Sri Krishna Leela Tarangini==
{{main|Sri Krishna Leela Tarangini}}

Narayana Teertha was the author of a [[Sanskrit]] opera called ''[[Sri Krishna Leela Tarangini]]'' on the life of the Hindu god Lord [[Krishna]]. It deals with the life story of Krishna starting with his birth, childhood pranks and ending with his marriage to [[Rukmini]]. Narayana Teertha uses various literary and musical forms such as songs, prose passages, ''slokas'' (praises in verse), ''dwipadis'' (couplets), etc. The songs are popularly called "Tarangas" means waves. The lyrics are simple yet beautiful and effective. The Astapadis of [[Jayadeva]] are said to be the inspiration.

Legend has it that the inspiration to compose this piece occurred when he was along the banks of Naducauvery. He was suffering from a serious stomach ailment and prayed that he should be given the strength to go back to Tirupati, where it all started. A divine voice asked him to follow a boar (varaha) to wherever it led him. The varaha led him to Bhupatirajapuram, which came to be known as `[[Varahur]]' later. The people of the village knew that a maha-purusha was coming. With their help, he raised the temple for Sri Lakshmi Narayana and Lord Venkateswara and settled down on the banks of river 'Kudamurutty' the name by which the Cauvery was known at this place.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204150516/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/02/04/stories/2005020400380300.htm ]</ref>

[[Tarangini (music)|Tarangini]] is an opera highly suitable for dance drama and it has been very well utilized by [[Indian classical dance]]rs, especially in [[Kuchipudi]] over the last two centuries. Tarangini consists of 12 Tarangams and encapsulates 153 songs, 302 {{transl|hi|slokams}} and 31 {{transl|hi|choornikaas}}. Teertha followed Veda VyAsa's [[Bhagavatam]] and concentrated on the 10th skandam.

==Other works==
* ''Subodhinī'' – treatise (in Sanskrit) on Brahma Sutra śaṅkara Bhāṣyam;
* ''Vivaraṇa Dīpika'' (in Telugu), a treatise on Panchīkaraṇa vartika of Sureswarāchārya;
* ''Pārijātāpaharaṇam'', the well known [[Yakshaganam]] in Telugu
* ''Hari Bhakti Sudhārṇavam'', and
* ''śāṇdilya bhakti sūtra vyākyānam''

==Popular compositions==
Some of the popular compositions are listed here:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
# Jaya jaya swāmin jaya jaya
# Jaya jaya ramā nātha
# śaraṇaṃ bhava
# Nārāyaṇāya
# Maṅgalālayāya mamava deva
# Jaya jaya durgē jitavairivargē
# bAla gOpAla kRSNa pAhi
# Mādhava Mādhava
# Ehi mudam dehi krishna
# Ehi mudam mama
# KriShnam kalaya
# Kalaya yasode
# Damodara tavaka
# {{transl|hi|italic=no|Govinda ghataya paramanandam}}
# Alokaye
# {{transl|hi|italic=no|Pasyata pasyata}}
# Jaya jaya gokula
# Deva deva praseeda
# {{transl|hi|italic=no|Neela megha sareera}}
# Pahi pahi jagan
# Deva kuru Siksham
# Sree Gopalaka
# Ayahi vraja
{{col-2}}
# Govardhana
# Nanda nandana
# Parama purusha
# Pūraya mama kāmaṃ
# vada kiṃ karavāṇi
# Madhava māmava
# Govindaṃ iha
# Nanda nandana
# Kathaya kathaya
# Bhavaye
# Vijaya Gopala
# Pahi pahi mam
# Shiva shiva bhava sharanam
# Vedadri
# Vekshe kada
# Re re Manasa
# Gopala Meva
# Kalyanam bhavatu
# jaya jaya bala gopala
# Alokaye rukmini kalyanam
# jaya mangaLam
# Kshemam kuru Gopala
# param karunaya mam palaya
{{col-2}}
{{col-end}}

==Aradhana==
'''Sri Narayana Teertha Trust''' of Kaja, at the birthplace of Saint Narayana Teertha celebrated his 264th aradhana. As a part of the celebrations, guru pooja, morning worship, sahasranama chanting, vedic renditions and tarangam singing were conducted. Bhajan troupes from various parts of the State rendered tarangams with devotion.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121108155345/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/03/13/stories/2009031350710200.htm 264th Aradhana celebrations at Kaja, The Hindu.]</ref>

Specially residents and devotees of Varagur village (Thirukkattupalli, Tanjore) celebrate Tharangini Mahotsav every year on 25 & 26 January, all popular artists are performing Tharangam in front of Lord Venkateswara Perumal who has given Darshan to Sri Narayana Theerthar. Later on Sri Narayana Theerthar, the composer of Krishna Leela Tharangini, attained mukti at Varagur. The devotees of Thirupoonthuruti have been organising music festivals at the Samadhi shrine for over 300 years, at Tirupoonthuruti on Masi Sukla Ashtami Day.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050409142212/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/03/07/stories/2003030701160600.htm]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
*[http://www.sankeertanam.com/saints%20texts/Sri%20NarAyaNa%20Teertha.pdf Details of Sri Narayana Teertha in pdf format.]
*[http://www.carnatica.net/composer/narayanateertha.htm Narayana Teertha, Galaxy of Composers]
*[http://www.sangeetasudha.org/narayanateertha/index.html Narayanateertha at Sangeetasudha.org with his Tarangams in English.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030630061505/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/03/07/stories/2003030701160600.htm Homage to Sri Narayana Tirtha]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204150516/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/02/04/stories/2005020400380300.htm Saint who underlined the power of Namasiddhanta]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Teertha, Narayana}}
[[Category:Carnatic composers]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:1650 births]]
[[Category:1745 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Guntur district]]

Narayana Teertha - Revision history

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed typos found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss and added transliteration tags so that non-English words aren't misidentified as typos by automated spellcheckers like Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.