Narasimhavarman I - Revision history

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava Emperor]]
| reign = {{circa|630|668 AD}}
| predecessor = [[Mahendravarman I]]
| successor = [[Mahendravarman II]]
| issue = [[Mahendravarman II]]
| house = [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]]
| house-type = Dynasty
| father = [[Mahendravarman I]]
}}
[[File:Pallavas of Coromandel.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Coin of the Pallavas of Coromandel, king Narasimhavarman I. (630-668 AD).'''Obv''' Lion left '''Rev''' Name of Narasimhavarman with solar and lunar symbols around]]
{{Pallava}}
'''Narasimhavarman I or Narasimha Varma I'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CybxK9ANI8C&q=narasimha&pg=PA203|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|date=1885|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland|language=en}}</ref> was a emperor of the [[Pallava]] dynasty who ruled [[South India]] from 630–668 AD. He shared his father [[Mahendravarman I]]'s love of art and completed the work started by Mahendravarman in [[Mamallapuram]]. During his reign famous [[Pancha Rathas|Pancha Rathas Temple]] was constructed which is Rock Cut Temple, a [[UNESCO world heritage|UNESCO World Heritage]] site.

He avenged his father's defeat at the hands of the [[Chalukya]] king, [[Pulakeshin II]] in the year 642 AD . Narasimhavarman I was also known as ''Mahamalla''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6DXDKLy0eEgC&q=mahamalla+pallava|title=The Monolithic Temples of the Pallava Dynasty: A Chronology|last=Rabe|first=Michael Dan|date=1987|publisher=University of Minnesota|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WsNKAQAAIAAJ&q=mahamalla+pallava|title=The art of the Pallavas|last=Gangoly|first=Ordhendra Coomar|date=1957|publisher=G. Wittenborn|language=en}}</ref> (great wrestler), and [[Mamallapuram]] (Mahabalipuram) was named after him.

It was during his reign, in 640 AD, that the [[Chinese people|Chinese]] traveller [[Xuanzang|Hiuen Tsang]] visited [[Kanchipuram]].<ref name="sen2"/>

Narasimhavarman I was a devotee of [[Lord Siva|Shiva]]. The great [[Nayanar saints]] like [[Appar]], [[Siruthondar]] and [[Thirugnana Sambanthar|Tirugnanasambandar]] lived during his reign.{{cn|date=June 2019}}

Narasimhavarman I was succeeded by his son [[Mahendravarman II]] in the year 668 AD.

==Military conquests==
Narasimhavarman I is claimed to be one of the 12 Indian kings who never lost on the battlefield to their enemies, the others being [[Ajatashatru]], [[Chandragupta Maurya]], [[Karikala Chola]], [[Senguttuvan|Cheran Senguttuvan]], Sri [[Krishnadevaraya]] of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar empire]], Chola king Rajasuyam Vaetta Perunarkilli (575 BC), who successfully completed military Rajasuyam sacrifice, Pandyan Nedunchezhian of the [[Sangam period|Sangam]] age, [[Samudragupta]], great Pallava Nayanmar saint Rajasimha, [[Rajaraja Chola I]], his great warrior son [[Rajendra Chola]] .

===War with the Chalukyas===
[[Pulakeshin II]], a deccan king, had previously raided various northern Pallava provinces and forts. However, he was unable to capture the Pallava capital of [[Kanchipuram]].<ref>Keay, John, India: A History, p170</ref> This led to a long conflict between the Chalukyas and the Pallavas.

Pulakeshin II again attempted to seize the Pallava capital and undertook another expedition several years later. However, the Pallava reign had moved on to Narasimhavarman I by then. Narasimhavarman defeated the Chalukyas in several battles, including one at Manimangalam 20 miles to the east of Kanchipuram. The king states that he could see the back of his dreaded enemy as he tore apart his army. Encouraged by this victory, Narasimhavarman led his army along with his general [[Paranjothi]] and invaded [[Vatapi]], successfully defeating<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=41–42}}</ref> and killing the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II in 642 CE. The city was never a capital again.<ref>KAN Sastri, A History of South India, p136</ref>

He returned victorious to Kanchipuram, and was given the title ''Vatapikondan'' (one who conquered Vatapi).<ref>Keay, John, India: A History, p172</ref>

His general [[Paranjothi]] (a Vikrama Kesari, also known as paradurgamarddana) was known very well for his devotion to Lord Siva and as one of the 63 Nayanmar saints, is said to have indeed personally destroyed the city of Vatapi under the command of Narasimhavarman I. Sekkizhaar's work 12th tirumurai credits this siruttondar of having destroyed the evil kali as manifested by the deccan enemy of pallavas. He is also known as '[[Paranjothi|Siruthonttar]]', a dutiful warrior and a practicing medic who had "mastered several treatises in medicine". This vikramakesari had at the insistence of Lord Sivan sacrificed his child without any qualms. There was a confusion as to whether the Ganesha at a temple in Chengattankudy could have been a result of this invasion. Many grants refer to this event as: "kilisayoneriva vimattita vathapi" or the one who destroyed Vatapi, the same way Sage Agastya had killed a demon by that name long ago.(**)

===Influence on Sri Lankan politics===
The [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] prince Manavarma lived at the court of Narasimhavarman and had helped him crush his enemy Pulakeshin II. In return, Narasimhavarman had helped Manavarma twice with an army to invade [[Sri Lanka]]. The second attack was successful. Manavarma occupied Sri Lanka, over which he is supposed to have ruled from A. D. 691 to 726. The [[Tamil copper-plate inscriptions|Kasakudi copper plates]] refer to Narasimhavarman's conquest of Sri Lanka. The ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' also confirms these facts.

==Narasimhavarman in literature==
[[Kalki Krishnamurthy]]'s work, [[Sivagamiyin Sabadham]], is based on Narasimhavarman's early years and his battles with the Chalukyas. Kalki Krishnamurthy's [[Parthiban Kanavu|Parthiban kanavu]] is based on the later years of Narasimhavarman's rule.

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Pallava dynasty]]}}
{{S-bef| before=[[Mahendravarman I]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Pallava dynasty]] | years=630–668}}
{{S-aft| after=[[Mahendravarman II]]}}
{{s-end}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book | first= John | last= Keay | year=2001 | title= India: A History | publisher= Grove Press | isbn= 0-8021-3797-0}}
* {{cite book | first= K A N | last= Sastri | year=2008 | title= A History of South India| edition= 4th| publisher= Oxford University Press | location= New Delhi, India}}

(**) Ancient India, [[R. C. Majumdar]], Ancient India, K.A.Nilakanta Sastri

==External links==
* [http://inscriptions.whatisindia.com Inscriptions of India -- Complete listing of historical inscriptions from Indian temples and monuments]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narasimhavarman 01}}
[[Category:Pallava kings]]
[[Category:7th-century monarchs in Asia]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 28 September 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:
	{{Infobox royalty		{{Infobox royalty
	\| succession = [[Pallava dynasty\|Pallava Emperor]]		\| succession = [[Pallava dynasty\|Pallava Emperor]]
	\| reign = {{circa\|630\|668 AD}}		\| reign = {{circa\|630\|668 CE}}
	\| predecessor = [[Mahendravarman I]]		\| predecessor = [[Mahendravarman I]]
	\| successor = [[Mahendravarman II]]		\| successor = [[Mahendravarman II]]
Line 11:		Line 11:
	\| father = [[Mahendravarman I]]		\| father = [[Mahendravarman I]]
	}}		}}
	[[File:Pallavas of Coromandel.jpg\|thumb\|upright=1.5\|Coin of the Pallavas of Coromandel, king Narasimhavarman I. (630-668 AD).'''Obv''' Lion left '''Rev''' Name of Narasimhavarman with solar and lunar symbols around]]		[[File:Pallavas of Coromandel.jpg\|thumb\|upright=1.5\|Coin of the Pallavas of Coromandel, king Narasimhavarman I. (630-668 CE).'''Obv''' Lion left '''Rev''' Name of Narasimhavarman with solar and lunar symbols around]]
	{{Pallava}}		{{Pallava}}
	'''Narasimhavarman I or Narasimha Varma I'''<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CybxK9ANI8C&q=narasimha&pg=PA203\|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland\|date=1885\|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland\|language=en}}</ref> was a emperor of the [[Pallava]] dynasty who ruled [[South India]] from 630–668 AD. He shared his father [[Mahendravarman I]]'s love of art and completed the work started by Mahendravarman in [[Mamallapuram]]. During his reign famous [[Pancha Rathas\|Pancha Rathas Temple]] was constructed which is Rock Cut Temple, a [[UNESCO world heritage\|UNESCO World Heritage]] site.		'''Narasimhavarman I or Narasimha Varma I'''<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CybxK9ANI8C&q=narasimha&pg=PA203\|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland\|date=1885\|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland\|language=en}}</ref> was a emperor of the [[Pallava]] dynasty who ruled [[South India]] from 630–668 CE. He shared his father [[Mahendravarman I]]'s love of art and completed the work started by Mahendravarman in [[Mamallapuram]]. During his reign famous [[Pancha Rathas\|Pancha Rathas Temple]] was constructed which is Rock Cut Temple, a [[UNESCO world heritage\|UNESCO World Heritage]] site.

	He avenged his father's defeat at the hands of the [[Chalukya]] king, [[Pulakeshin II]] in the year 642 AD . Narasimhavarman I was also known as ''Mahamalla''<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6DXDKLy0eEgC&q=mahamalla+pallava\|title=The Monolithic Temples of the Pallava Dynasty: A Chronology\|last=Rabe\|first=Michael Dan\|date=1987\|publisher=University of Minnesota\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WsNKAQAAIAAJ&q=mahamalla+pallava\|title=The art of the Pallavas\|last=Gangoly\|first=Ordhendra Coomar\|date=1957\|publisher=G. Wittenborn\|language=en}}</ref> (great wrestler), and [[Mamallapuram]] (Mahabalipuram) was named after him.		He avenged his father's defeat at the hands of the [[Chalukya]] king, [[Pulakeshin II]] in the year 642 CE. Narasimhavarman I was also known as ''Mahamalla''<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6DXDKLy0eEgC&q=mahamalla+pallava\|title=The Monolithic Temples of the Pallava Dynasty: A Chronology\|last=Rabe\|first=Michael Dan\|date=1987\|publisher=University of Minnesota\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WsNKAQAAIAAJ&q=mahamalla+pallava\|title=The art of the Pallavas\|last=Gangoly\|first=Ordhendra Coomar\|date=1957\|publisher=G. Wittenborn\|language=en}}</ref> (great wrestler), and [[Mamallapuram]] (Mahabalipuram) was named after him.

	It was during his reign, in 640 AD, that the [[Chinese people\|Chinese]] traveller [[Xuanzang\|Hiuen Tsang]] visited [[Kanchipuram]].<ref name="sen2"/>		It was during his reign, in 640 CE, that the [[Chinese people\|Chinese]] traveller [[Xuanzang\|Hiuen Tsang]] visited [[Kanchipuram]].<ref name="sen2"/>

	Narasimhavarman I was a devotee of [[Lord Siva\|Shiva]]. The great [[Nayanar saints]] like [[Appar]], [[Siruthondar]] and [[Thirugnana Sambanthar\|Tirugnanasambandar]] lived during his reign.{{cn\|date=June 2019}}		Narasimhavarman I was a devotee of [[Lord Siva\|Shiva]]. The great [[Nayanar saints]] like [[Appar]], [[Siruthondar]] and [[Thirugnana Sambanthar\|Tirugnanasambandar]] lived during his reign.{{cn\|date=June 2019}}

	Narasimhavarman I was succeeded by his son [[Mahendravarman II]] in the year 668 AD.		Narasimhavarman I was succeeded by his son [[Mahendravarman II]] in the year 668 CE.

	==Military conquests==		==Military conquests==
	Narasimhavarman I is claimed to be one of the 12 Indian kings who never lost on the battlefield to their enemies, the others being [[Ajatashatru]], [[Chandragupta Maurya]], [[Karikala Chola]], [[Senguttuvan\|Cheran Senguttuvan]], Sri [[Krishnadevaraya]] of [[Vijayanagara Empire\|Vijayanagar empire]], Chola king Rajasuyam Vaetta Perunarkilli (575 BC), who successfully completed military Rajasuyam sacrifice, Pandyan Nedunchezhian of the [[Sangam period\|Sangam]] age, [[Samudragupta]], great Pallava Nayanmar saint Rajasimha, [[Rajaraja Chola I]], his great warrior son [[Rajendra Chola]] .		Narasimhavarman I is claimed to be one of the Indian kings who never lost on the battlefield to their enemies, the others being [[Ajatashatru]], [[Chandragupta Maurya]], [[Karikala Chola]], [[Senguttuvan\|Cheran Senguttuvan]], Sri [[Krishnadevaraya]] of [[Vijayanagara Empire\|Vijayanagar empire]], [[Babur]], [[Sher Shah Suri]], Chola king Rajasuyam Vaetta Perunarkilli (575 BCE), who successfully completed military Rajasuyam sacrifice, Pandyan Nedunchezhian of the [[Sangam period\|Sangam]] age, [[Samudragupta]], great Pallava Nayanmar saint Rajasimha, [[Rajaraja Chola I]], his great warrior son [[Rajendra Chola]] .

	===War with the Chalukyas===		===War with the Chalukyas===
Line 36:		Line 36:

	===Influence on Sri Lankan politics===		===Influence on Sri Lankan politics===
	The [[Sinhalese people\|Sinhalese]] prince Manavarma lived at the court of Narasimhavarman and had helped him crush his enemy Pulakeshin II. In return, Narasimhavarman had helped Manavarma twice with an army to invade [[Sri Lanka]]. The second attack was successful. Manavarma occupied Sri Lanka, over which he is supposed to have ruled from ~~A. D.~~ 691 to 726. The [[Tamil copper-plate inscriptions\|Kasakudi copper plates]] refer to Narasimhavarman's conquest of Sri Lanka. The ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' also confirms these facts.		The [[Sinhalese people\|Sinhalese]] prince Manavarma lived at the court of Narasimhavarman and had helped him crush his enemy Pulakeshin II. In return, Narasimhavarman had helped Manavarma twice with an army to invade [[Sri Lanka]]. The second attack was successful. Manavarma occupied Sri Lanka, over which he is supposed to have ruled from 691 to 726 CE. The [[Tamil copper-plate inscriptions\|Kasakudi copper plates]] refer to Narasimhavarman's conquest of Sri Lanka. The ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' also confirms these facts.

	==Narasimhavarman in literature==		==Narasimhavarman in literature==