Nanyadeva - Revision history

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2021-07-09T23:19:50Z

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	'''Nanyadeva''' ([[IAST]]: ''{{IAST\|Nānyadev<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XXGhAL1WKcC&pg=PA419&lpg=PA419&dq=The+name+meaning+of+Nanyadeva#v=onepage \|title=The Early History of India \|last=Smith \|first=Vincent A. \|date=1999 \|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist \|isbn=9788171566181 \|language=en}}</ref>}}'') was the founder<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://ramroanswer.com/1473/early-modern-nepal-tirhut-madhesi-connection/ \|title=Early Modern Nepal: Tirhut And The Madhesi Connection \|language=en-US \|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&pg=PA227&dq=Nanyadeva#v=onepage \|title=Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D. \|last=Sinha \|first=Bindeshwari Prasad \|date=1977 \|publisher=Abhinav Publications \|language=en}}</ref> of the [[Karnata dynasty (Mithila)\|Karnata dynasty]] of [[Mithila (region)\|Mithila]].<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpBhAAAAIAAJ&q=Nanyadeva&dq=Nanyadeva \|title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Darbhanga \|last1=Bihar (India) \|last2=Choudhury \|first2=Pranab Chandra Roy \|date=1964 \|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar \|language=en}}</ref> He was the ancestor of [[Harisimhadeva]]. He established his capital in [[Simraungadh]] and ruled the greater [[Mithila (region)\|Mithila region]] for 50 years.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=simraon+dynasty#v=onepage \|title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective \|last=Jha \|first=Makhan \|date=1997 \|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. \|isbn=9788175330344 \|language=en}}</ref>		'''Nanyadeva''' ([[IAST]]: ''{{IAST\|Nānyadev<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XXGhAL1WKcC&pg=PA419&lpg=PA419&dq=The+name+meaning+of+Nanyadeva#v=onepage \|title=The Early History of India \|last=Smith \|first=Vincent A. \|date=1999 \|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist \|isbn=9788171566181 \|language=en}}</ref>}}'') was the founder<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://ramroanswer.com/1473/early-modern-nepal-tirhut-madhesi-connection/ \|title=Early Modern Nepal: Tirhut And The Madhesi Connection \|language=en-US \|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&pg=PA227&dq=Nanyadeva#v=onepage \|title=Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D. \|last=Sinha \|first=Bindeshwari Prasad \|date=1977 \|publisher=Abhinav Publications \|language=en}}</ref> of the [[Karnata dynasty (Mithila)\|Karnata dynasty]] of [[Mithila (region)\|Mithila]].<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpBhAAAAIAAJ&q=Nanyadeva&dq=Nanyadeva \|title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Darbhanga \|last1=Bihar (India) \|last2=Choudhury \|first2=Pranab Chandra Roy \|date=1964 \|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar \|language=en}}</ref> He was the ancestor of [[Harisimhadeva]]. He established his capital in [[Simraungadh]] and ruled the greater [[Mithila (region)\|Mithila region]] for 50 years.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=simraon+dynasty#v=onepage \|title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective \|last=Jha \|first=Makhan \|date=1997 \|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. \|isbn=9788175330344 \|language=en}}</ref>
	He is known for his generosity, courage, and patronage of scholars.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.museumassociation.org.np/news-simroungadh.php \|title=८ सय वर्षमा नमासिएको सिम्रौनगढ ८ महिनामा ध्वस्त \|trans-title= Simraungadh, which was not destroyed in 800 years was destroyed in 8 months \|website=www.museumassociation.org.np \|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref> He was from ~~Karna~~ Kshatriya [[Kaula (Hinduism)\|Kula]] and began to rule Mithila from Simraungadh in 1097 [[Common Era\|CE]]. The stone inscription found at Simraongarh and Nepālavaṃśāvalī<ref>[[Kamal P. Malla]] (1985). Nepālavaṃśāvalī: A Complete Version of the Kaisher Vaṃśāvalī. ''CNAS Journal''. Vol. 12 No. 2. Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University. pp. 75-101.</ref> clearly states that he made an erection in a [[Lagna\|Singha Lagna]] of a Saturday in a [[Shraavana\|Sravana]], the tithi being Sukla seven and the Naksatara Svati in the year 1019 [[Shaka era\|Shaka]] (July 10, 1097 AD).<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Sahai \|first=Bhagwant \|date=1983 \|title=Inscriptions Of Bihar \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532816}}</ref>		He is known for his generosity, courage, and patronage of scholars.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.museumassociation.org.np/news-simroungadh.php \|title=८ सय वर्षमा नमासिएको सिम्रौनगढ ८ महिनामा ध्वस्त \|trans-title= Simraungadh, which was not destroyed in 800 years was destroyed in 8 months \|website=www.museumassociation.org.np \|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref> He was from Karnat Kshatriya [[Kaula (Hinduism)\|Kula]] and began to rule Mithila from Simraungadh in 1097 [[Common Era\|CE]]. The stone inscription found at Simraongarh and Nepālavaṃśāvalī<ref>[[Kamal P. Malla]] (1985). Nepālavaṃśāvalī: A Complete Version of the Kaisher Vaṃśāvalī. ''CNAS Journal''. Vol. 12 No. 2. Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University. pp. 75-101.</ref> clearly states that he made an erection in a [[Lagna\|Singha Lagna]] of a Saturday in a [[Shraavana\|Sravana]], the tithi being Sukla seven and the Naksatara Svati in the year 1019 [[Shaka era\|Shaka]] (July 10, 1097 AD).<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Sahai \|first=Bhagwant \|date=1983 \|title=Inscriptions Of Bihar \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532816}}</ref>

	==Etymology and names==		==Etymology and names==
	Nanya is a word of ~~Karnatic~~ origin and [[Sanskritisation\|Sanskritised]] form of ''Nanniya''.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfYJAQAAIAAJ&dq=Mithila+under+the+karnatas&q=Nanniya \|title=Mithila Under the Karnatas, C. 1097-1325 A.D \|last=Sinha \|first=Chandreshwar Prasad Narayan \|date=1979 \|publisher=Janaki Prakashan \|language=en}}</ref> Nanyadeva means "the dearest of god" (''Nanya'' means "dearest" and ''deva'' means "god").<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://sajha.com/sajha/html/sharearticle.cfm?articleid=989460 \|title=नेवार थर र सिम्रौनगढ \|trans-title= Newar and Simraungadh \|website=Sajha \|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref> The Andhratharhi inscription of his minister, Shridhardas refers Nanyadeva as Mahasamantadhipati, Dharmamavaloka and Sriman Nanyapati.<ref name=Choudhury1951>{{cite journal \| title=Nanyadeva and his Contemporaries \| author= Radhakrishna Choudhry \| journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \|volume = 14\| year=1951 \| pages=130–134 \|jstor = 44303952}}</ref>		Nanya is a word of Tamil/Kannada origin and [[Sanskritisation\|Sanskritised]] form of ''Nanniya''.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfYJAQAAIAAJ&dq=Mithila+under+the+karnatas&q=Nanniya \|title=Mithila Under the Karnatas, C. 1097-1325 A.D \|last=Sinha \|first=Chandreshwar Prasad Narayan \|date=1979 \|publisher=Janaki Prakashan \|language=en}}</ref> Nanyadeva means "the dearest of god" (''Nanya'' நண்ணிய means "dearest" in Tamil and ''deva'' means "god" in Sanskrit).<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://sajha.com/sajha/html/sharearticle.cfm?articleid=989460 \|title=नेवार थर र सिम्रौनगढ \|trans-title= Newar and Simraungadh \|website=Sajha \|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref> The Andhratharhi inscription of his minister, Shridhardas refers Nanyadeva as Mahasamantadhipati, Dharmamavaloka and Sriman Nanyapati.<ref name=Choudhury1951>{{cite journal \| title=Nanyadeva and his Contemporaries \| author= Radhakrishna Choudhry \| journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \|volume = 14\| year=1951 \| pages=130–134 \|jstor = 44303952}}</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
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	[[Category:History of Bihar]]		[[Category:History of Bihar]]
	[[Category:History of Nepal]]		[[Category:History of Nepal]]
			[[Category:11th-century Nepalese people]]
			[[Category:12th-century Nepalese people]]

>KashKarti: Undid revision 1019256118 by 2409:4063:4E26:FAB7:0:0:F988:EA0F (talk)

2021-04-22T09:54:35Z

Undid revision 1019256118 by 2409:4063:4E26:FAB7:0:0:F988:EA0F (talk)

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Nanyadeva
| title = King of Mithila
| image =
| succession =
| reign = 1097–1147 CE
| coronation =
| predecessor = Established
| successor = [[Gangadeva]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house = [[Karnata dynasty (Mithila)|Karnata dynasty]]
| father =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| place of last rites =
}}
'''Nanyadeva''' ([[IAST]]: ''{{IAST|Nānyadev<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XXGhAL1WKcC&pg=PA419&lpg=PA419&dq=The+name+meaning+of+Nanyadeva#v=onepage |title=The Early History of India |last=Smith |first=Vincent A. |date=1999 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=9788171566181 |language=en}}</ref>}}'') was the founder<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ramroanswer.com/1473/early-modern-nepal-tirhut-madhesi-connection/ |title=Early Modern Nepal: Tirhut And The Madhesi Connection |language=en-US |access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&pg=PA227&dq=Nanyadeva#v=onepage |title=Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D. |last=Sinha |first=Bindeshwari Prasad |date=1977 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |language=en}}</ref> of the [[Karnata dynasty (Mithila)|Karnata dynasty]] of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpBhAAAAIAAJ&q=Nanyadeva&dq=Nanyadeva |title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Darbhanga |last1=Bihar (India) |last2=Choudhury |first2=Pranab Chandra Roy |date=1964 |publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar |language=en}}</ref> He was the ancestor of [[Harisimhadeva]]. He established his capital in [[Simraungadh]] and ruled the greater [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] for 50 years.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=simraon+dynasty#v=onepage |title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective |last=Jha |first=Makhan |date=1997 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=9788175330344 |language=en}}</ref>
He is known for his generosity, courage, and patronage of scholars.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.museumassociation.org.np/news-simroungadh.php |title=८ सय वर्षमा नमासिएको सिम्रौनगढ ८ महिनामा ध्वस्त |trans-title= Simraungadh, which was not destroyed in 800 years was destroyed in 8 months |website=www.museumassociation.org.np |access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref> He was from Karna Kshatriya [[Kaula (Hinduism)|Kula]] and began to rule Mithila from Simraungadh in 1097 [[Common Era|CE]]. The stone inscription found at Simraongarh and Nepālavaṃśāvalī<ref>[[Kamal P. Malla]] (1985). Nepālavaṃśāvalī: A Complete Version of the Kaisher Vaṃśāvalī. ''CNAS Journal''. Vol. 12 No. 2. Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University. pp. 75-101.</ref> clearly states that he made an erection in a [[Lagna|Singha Lagna]] of a Saturday in a [[Shraavana|Sravana]], the tithi being Sukla seven and the Naksatara Svati in the year 1019 [[Shaka era|Shaka]] (July 10, 1097 AD).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sahai |first=Bhagwant |date=1983 |title=Inscriptions Of Bihar |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532816}}</ref>

==Etymology and names==
Nanya is a word of Karnatic origin and [[Sanskritisation|Sanskritised]] form of ''Nanniya''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfYJAQAAIAAJ&dq=Mithila+under+the+karnatas&q=Nanniya |title=Mithila Under the Karnatas, C. 1097-1325 A.D |last=Sinha |first=Chandreshwar Prasad Narayan |date=1979 |publisher=Janaki Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> Nanyadeva means "the dearest of god" (''Nanya'' means "dearest" and ''deva'' means "god").<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sajha.com/sajha/html/sharearticle.cfm?articleid=989460 |title=नेवार थर र सिम्रौनगढ |trans-title= Newar and Simraungadh |website=Sajha |access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref> The Andhratharhi inscription of his minister, Shridhardas refers Nanyadeva as Mahasamantadhipati, Dharmamavaloka and Sriman Nanyapati.<ref name=Choudhury1951>{{cite journal | title=Nanyadeva and his Contemporaries | author= Radhakrishna Choudhry | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 14| year=1951 | pages=130–134 |jstor = 44303952}}</ref>

==Early life==
It is believed that Nanyadeva arrived in the region as part of the [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukaya]] invasions of the North during the second half of the 11th century. The Chalukyas would likely have been accompanied by many military adventurers who carved out small principalities of their own in North Bihar and Nanyadeva would have been among them.<ref name=Choudhury1951 /> His original stronghold was Nanapura in [[West Champaran district|Champaran district]] of Bihar however he later shifted his capital to [[Simraungadh]] in modern-day Nepal which would remain as the main capital until the end of the Karnat dynasty.<ref name=Raj2004>{{cite journal | last1 = Shrestha | first1 = Shiv Raj | title = Nanyadeva, his ancestors and their Abhijana (Original Homeland) | url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_159_01.pdf | language = English }}</ref>

==Rule of Mithila==
In [[Vidyapati]]'s ''Purush Pariksa'', Nanyadeva is confirmed to have gained control of Mithila by 1097 CE. During his rule, Mithila came into conflict with the [[Kamboja-Pala Dynasty of Bengal|Pala dynasty]] of [[Bengal]].<ref name=Choudhury1951 />

==Legacy==
Many modern scholars, as well as the people of the region, view Nanyadeva as a "son of Mithila" who liberated the region following the fall of the [[Kingdom of the Videhas|Videhan monarchy]]. The Karnata rule is not viewed as foreign as they established their power in Mithila itself, unlike others who ruled from outside.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thakur |first1=Nisha |title=SITUATING BUDDHISM IN MITHILA REGION: PRESENCE OR ABSENCE? |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society |date=2018 |volume=LX |pages=39–62 |url=https://asiaticsocietykolkata.org/uploads/Journal%20Vol.%20LX.%20No.%204_2018.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2020}}</ref> he was succeeded by two sons, [[Gangadeva]] and [[Malladeva]].<ref name=Sinha1974>{{cite journal | title=A Critical Evaluation of sources for identification of Gangeyadeva of Tirabhukti | author= CPN Sinha | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 35| year=1974 | pages=39–42 |jstor = 44138754}}</ref>

===Literary works===
He cultivated several melodies and recorded his knowledge in the Sanskrit musicological treatise<ref name="Widdess2013">{{cite book|author=Professor Richard Widdess|title=Dāphā: Sacred Singing in a South Asian City: Music, Performance and Meaning in Bhaktapur, Nepal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QWcIzK4VHusC&pg=PA5|date=2 December 2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-6601-7|pages=5–6}}</ref> called the ''Sarasvati Hridayalankara'' and the ''Grantha-Maharnava''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rajagopalan |first=N. |date=1992 |title=Another Garland (Book 2) |url=http://archive.org/details/anothergarlandbo014528mbp |publisher=Carnatic Classicals,Madras}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=Nanyadeva+reigned+on+1097#v=onepage |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |last=Paniker |first=K. Ayyappa |date=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=9788126003655 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=A+tradition+about+Nanyadeva,+is+still+preserved+in+Mithila#v=onepage |title=Madhubani Painting |date=2003 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=9788170171560 |language=en}}</ref> These works are an in-depth assessment of different musical notes and how they can lead to certain feelings and sentiments ranging from heroism to anger.<ref name="Nijenhuis1992">{{cite book|author=Emmie Te Nijenhuis|title=Saṅgītaśiromaṇi: A Medieval Handbook of Indian Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGzESuCeK-sC&pg=PA10|year=1992|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-09498-9|pages=10–11}}</ref> He completed these works following his ascendance to power in Mithila.

==Descendants==
Many [[Rajput]] [[zamindars]] in North [[Bihar]] (which is part of the Mithila region), especially in [[Saharsa district]] claim Nanyadeva to be their ancestor.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Choudhary |first1=Radhakrishna |title=History of Muslim rule in Tirhut, 1206-1765, A.D. |date=1970 |publisher=Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office |pages=[https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfMuslimRuleInTirhut/page/n42 28]–29 |url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfMuslimRuleInTirhut |accessdate=30 April 2019}}</ref>
[[Pratap Malla]] of the [[Malla (Kathmandu Valley)|Malla dynasty]] of [[Kathmandu]] also declared Nanyadeva to be his ''Pradhan Purva Purasha'' (founding father).<ref name=Raj2004 />
== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{India-royal-stub}}
[[Category:12th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:History of Nepal]]