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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nanoor
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Chandidas Bhita at Nanoor 03.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Way to Chandidas bhita at Nanoor
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.70|N|87.86|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Joydev Hazra
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 24
| population_total = 8,311
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 731301
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 91 3463
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 958 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Nanoor (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nanoor]]
| website = {{URL|birbhum.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nanoor''' (also spelt Nanur, called Chandidas Nanoor), is a village in [[Nanoor (community development block)|Nanoor]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in [[Bolpur subdivision]] of [[Birbhum district]] in [[West Bengal]]. Nanoor is the birthplace of 14th century lyric poet [[Chandidas]] of ''[[Vaishnava Padavali]]'' fame.<ref name = "Government">{{cite web | url = http://birbhum.gov.in/birtour2.htm | title = Nanoor| access-date = 2007-08-24 | publisher = Birbhum district administration}}</ref><ref name = "India9">{{cite web | url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/Nonoor-29557.htm| title = Nanoor| access-date = 2007-08-24 | publisher = india9.com}}</ref> It is developing as a craft centre with [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] support. With the massacres in 2000, Nanoor was in intense media focus.

==History==
===Archaeological finds===
The archaeological department of [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]] organised an excavation programme in Nanoor in 1932 and 1957 but nothing much has happened since then.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=33125&catid=42&year=2002&month=6&day=29&Itemid=66| title = Birbhum archaeological sites face extinction | access-date = 2010-10-12 | publisher = The Statesman, 29 June 2002}}</ref> The archaeological discoveries at Jalundi village in [[Nanoor (community development block)|Nanoor]] block in 2007 are believed to be the ruins of the ancient [[Pala Empire|Pala]] or [[Sena dynasty|Sen dynasties]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180158:Archaeological%20find%20at%20Nanoor&catid=72:bengal-plus&from_page=search | title = Archaeological find at Nanoor | access-date = 2010-10-12 | publisher = The Statesman, 10 February 2007}}</ref>

===Chandidas===
According to the historian [[Binoy Ghosh]], there were at least three poets associated with the name of [[Chandidas]]. They were identified as ‘Baru’, ‘Dwija’ and ‘Din’. Baru Chandidas possibly belonged to [[Chhatna]] in Bankura district and he composed ''[[Srikrishnakirtan]]''. Not much is known about Din Chandidas, except that he also composed on the life of [[Krishna|Sri Krishna]]. Dwija Chandidas possibly belonged to Nanoor and composed lyrically rich creations initiating the finest traditions of Bengali ''padavali'' (gathering of songs). The Nanoor-Kirnahar area is full of folk-myths about Chandidas – the story of his love for a washer woman, the story of his religious devotion and music and the story of his death.<ref name=binoyghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part I, 1976 edition, pages 261-266, Prakash Bhaban, Kolkata</ref>

The temple of Bisalakhi or Bagisree (more popular as Basuli) is believed to have been the centre of the devotional activity of Chandidas. The place at Nanoor where the Basuli temple (see pic lower down on this page) now stands and the surrounding area resembling a mound is called Chandibhita (see pic in the infobox). An effort was made by the University of Calcutta to understand what is there in the mound by excavating a small section of it. In the “Excavations at Nanoor by K.G.Goswami, March 1950”, the report says that in the mound, with a radius of around 550 feet and height of 17 feet, there are five occupational levels. The lowest of these levels belong to the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta era]]. At another place in Nanoor, some coins of the Gupta era were recovered. During and prior to the Gupta era, Buddhism had a strong hold over Bengal and early [[Tantras (Buddhism)|tantric]] practices prevailed.<ref name=binoyghosh/>

Chandidas lived about 500 years ago, just around or a little prior to the arrival of Muslims in Bengal. By then the poet [[Jaydeva]] had already composed the ''[[Gita Govinda]]'' (see map below for location of Jayadev Kenduli). It is natural that such an age could produce a [[Tantras (Hinduism)|tantric]] devoted to his goddess, who could indulge in composing [[Vaishnava-Sahajiya|Sahajiya]] lyrics and propagate the merits of humanism. His compositions were a possible source of inspiration for [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Sri Chaitanya]] (1486-1534).<ref name=binoyghosh/>

There are claims that Chandidas originally belonged to [[Ketugram]], in neighbouring Purba Bardhaman district, and later came to Nanoor.<ref>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part I, 1976 edition, pages 188-189, Prakash Bhaban</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|44|0|N|87|40|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, U: University. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|37|45|N|87|32|30|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Ilambazar | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Ilambazar]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|40|13|N|87|39|5|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Surul | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Surul]] (CT)|
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|46|44|N|87|52|21|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Parota | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Parota, Birbhum]] (CT)|
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|49|47|N|87|47|49|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Labhpur | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Labhpur]] (CT)|
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|40|16|N|87|41|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Bolpur |label-size5=14 | numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Bolpur]] (M)|label-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|41|10|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Shantiniketan| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Shantiniketan]] (R)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|42|0|N|87|51|36|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Nanoor| numbered7=R| mark-title7= Nanoor (R)|shape-color7=black| label-size7=13|label-color7=black 
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|30|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Sriniketan| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sriniketan]] (R)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|47|N|87|52|40|E}} | label-pos9=bottom|label9= Kirnahar| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Kirnahar]] (R)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|38|12|N|87|38|49|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Raipur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Raipur, Birbhum]] (R)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|36|39|N|87|53|49|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Khujutipara| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Khujutipara]] (R)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|38|N|87|32|11|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Khustigiri| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Khustigiri]] (R)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|38|40|N|87|25|48|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Jaydev Kenduli| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Jaydev Kenduli]] (R)|shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|42|53|N|87|43|22|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Kankalitala| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Kankalitala]] (R)|shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|41|0|N|87|40|25|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Visva-Bharati University| numbered15=U| mark-title15= [[Visva-Bharati University]] (U) |shape-color15=#967117
|mark-coord16={{coord|23.8882|87.7549}}| label16=Mayurakshi River| label-color16 = #77A1CB| label-angle16= 16| label-pos16=right| label-size16=10| mark-size16=0| mark-title16 =none
|mark-coord17={{coord|23.7998|87.7254}}| label17=Bakreshwar River| label-color17 = #77A1CB| label-angle17=7| label-pos17=top| label-size17=10| mark-size17=0| mark-title17 =none
|mark-coord18={{coord|23.7546|87.7528}}| label18=Kopai River| label-color18 = #77A1CB| label-angle18=-45| label-pos18=top| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|23.5809|87.7668}}| label19=Ajay River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19=20| label-pos19=top| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none}}

===Location===
Nanoor is located at {{Coord|23.70|N|87.86|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|24|m}}.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Nanur.html | title = Nanur, India Page | access-date = 2009-03-15 | work =West Bengal | publisher = Falling Rain Genomics}}</ref>

It is 47 km from [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]], 18 km from [[Bolpur]]/[[Santiniketan]] and 29 km from [[Ahmedpur, Birbhum|Ahmedpur]].<ref name = "Government"/><ref name = "India9"/>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Physical features===
As per historical records there have been at least 13 intensive droughts between the years 1799 and 1855. The drought of 1836-37 was particularly severe.<ref name = "Gupta">Gupta, Dr. Ranjan Kumar, ''The Economic Life of a Bengal District: Birbhum 1770 – 1857'', p. 114, [[The University of Burdwan]], 1984.</ref>
===Police station===
Nanoor police station has jurisdiction over [[Nanoor (community development block)|Nanoor]] CD block.<ref name=handbook2008>{{cite web| url = http://birbhum.nic.in/dept/BAES_DIST_STAT_BK_2008.pdf |title = District Statistical Handbook 2008, Birbhum |work = Table 2.1 | publisher= Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://birbhumpolice.org/policestation.php |title = Birbhum Police |work = Police Stations | publisher= West Bengal Police| access-date = 30 January 2018}}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Nanoor CD block are located at Nanoor.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1908_PART_B_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Birbhum, Series 20, Part XII B | work= Map of Birbhum with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 1 February 2018 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Chandidas Nanur had a total population of 8,399 of which 4,268 (51%) were males and 4,131 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 977. The total number of literates in Chandidas Nanur was 5,409 (72.88% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 1 February 2018 }}</ref>

==Socio-economics==

==Nanoor massacre==
{{Main|Nanoor massacre}}

On 27 July 2000, [[CPI(M)]] activists allegedly killed 11 landless agricultural labourers in Suchpur, near Nanoor and under Nanoor police station.<ref name= "Statesman2">{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=111965&catid=38&year=2005&month=5&day=20&Itemid=66 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120603193817/http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=111965&catid=38&year=2005&month=5&day=20&Itemid=66 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 3 June 2012 | title = Editorial: Attack in Nanoor | access-date = 2010-10-12 | work = Editorial | publisher = [[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]], 20 May 2005}} </ref><ref name= "Statesman3">{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=41235&catid=35&year=2003&month=4&day=18&Itemid=66| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120603193848/http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=41235&catid=35&year=2003&month=4&day=18&Itemid=66| url-status = dead| archive-date = 3 June 2012| title = CPM ticket for Nanoor massacre accused | access-date = 2010-10-12 | publisher = The Statesman, 18 April 2003}}</ref><ref name= "Hindu">{{cite web|url= http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/07/30/stories/0230000l.htm|title=Landless in W. Bengal tilting towards Trinamool Congress|access-date = 2007-09-14|publisher=The Hindu, 30 July 2000|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101114022821/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/07/30/stories/0230000l.htm|archive-date=14 November 2010|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

The prime witness to the Nanoor killings was injured in an attack allegedly by CPI-M activists.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=111249&catid=35&year=2005&month=5&day=13&Itemid=66 | title = CPM goons attack Nanoor witness | access-date = 2010-10-12 | publisher = The Statesman, 13 May 2005}}</ref>

The Nanoor area has continued to be turbulent.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=340691:trinamul-man-shot-5-injured-in-nanoor-bomb-explosions&catid=42:bengal&from_page=search | title = Trinamul man shot; 5 injured in Nanoor bomb explosions | access-date = 2010-10-11 | publisher = The Statesman, 7 September 2010 }}</ref> On the basis of a FIR (first information report) lodged with the police against CPI(M) men, the police made arrests and in August 2001 they submitted charge sheets against 82 accused. The trial started in 2000 and continued for eight years.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=342534:court-to-give-verdict-on-suchpur-massacre-&catid=73:kolkata-plus&from_page=search | title = Court to give verdict on Suchpur massacre| access-date = 2010-10-11 | publisher = The Statesman, 23 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=342534:court-to-give-verdict-on-suchpur-massacre-&catid=73:kolkata-plus&from_page=search | title = Court to give verdict on Suchpur massacre | access-date = 2010-10-11 | publisher = The Statesman, 23 September 2010 }}</ref>

The session court delivered verdict on Nanoor Massacre case in 2010, when 44 persons were convicted and sentenced to Life Imprisonment. Out of the 44, four were CPI(M) members.<ref name="thetelegraph20040116">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040117/asp/bengal/story_2796767.asp | title=Court rap for Nanoor delay | publisher=ABP Pvt. Limited | work=The Telegraph | date=16 January 2004 | access-date=7 September 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032839/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040117/asp/bengal/story_2796767.asp | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="thetelegraph20101111">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101112/jsp/bengal/story_13166803.jsp | title=CPM 44 given life term in Nanoor killing | publisher=ABP Pvt. Limited | work=The Telegraph | date=11 November 2010 | access-date=7 September 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095904/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101112/jsp/bengal/story_13166803.jsp | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
Nanoor Chandidas Memorial High School is a Bengali-medium co-educational institution established in 1937. It has arrangements for teaching from Class V to XII.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.icbse.com/schools/nanoor-chandidas-memorial-high-school-dovrv7| title = Nanoor Chandidas Memorial High School | publisher = ICBSE |access-date = 2 August 2019}}</ref>

[[Chandidas Mahavidyalaya]] was established at [[Khujutipara]] in 1972.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/ChandiDasMahavidyalaya/Chandidas_Mahavidyalaya.shtml |title = Chandidas Mahavidyalaya | publisher= College Admission| access-date = 2 August 2019}}</ref>

==Culture==
===Temples===
[[Image:Nanoor 2.JPG|200px|thumb|left|Bisalkshi temple]]
There is a temple dedicated to Devi Basuli at Nanoor.<ref name = "Government"/> The [[Navaratna (architecture)|Navaratna]] temple at Brahmandihi, [[Kirnahar]] Vadrokali Tala Temple , [[Parota]] Mahaprabhu Tala Temple and the Chand Roy temple and four Shiva temples at Uchkaran are amongst the temples under the protection of the state archaeological department.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbgov.com/e-gov/English/Departments/DeptDetails.asp?DPId=120&LinkId=6&Type=1 | title = List of State Protected Monuments & Sites | access-date = 2007-08-24 | work = District Birbhum | publisher = Deptt of Information and Culture, Government of West Bengal}}</ref> In 2001, the invaluable and rare black-stone Saraswati idol went missing from the Bishalakshmi temple.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040328/asp/nation/story_3055645.asp | title = Burglary boom in Bolpur | access-date = 2007-09-14 | publisher = The Telegraph, 28 March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223515/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040328/asp/nation/story_3055645.asp|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Image:Nanoor 1.JPG|thumb|250px|Nanoor temples]]

[[David McCutchion|David J. McCutchion]] mentions several temples in the Nanoor area: (1) the [[Shiva]] temple at Thupsara built in 1833 as a standard (small) tightly ridged early [[Deula|rekha deul]] of Birbhum-Bardhaman type with [[terracotta]] carvings on three sides, (2) the Jora Shiva temples at Serandi built in 1830 as a late wide ridging (banded) rekha deul with terracotta carvings, (3) the four Shiva temples at Uchkaron built in 1769 as standard small [[Char-chala|char chala]] structures with rich terracotta facades, 
[[Image:Nanoor terracota.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Terracotta carvings in a Nanoor temple]]
(4) the small decorated char chala Shiva temples at Nanoor, (5) the Jora Shiva temple at Nanoor as a standard ‘Hooghly-Burdwan’ 18th century or earlier small [[At-chala|at chala]] structures, (6) the [[Vishnu]] temple at Serandi built in mid 19th century as a [[Navaratna (architecture)|navaratna]] with turrets arranged without an upper storey and with porches on triple archways with terracotta façade, and (7) the renovated Chand Raya (1768) temple at Uchkaran as a small flat roofed or Chandni type structure with traditional pillars and terracotta decoration.<ref>McCutchion, David J., ''Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal'', first published 1972, reprinted 2017, pages 23, 24, 30, 31, 37, 54, 63. The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, {{ISBN| 978-93-81574-65-2}}</ref>

===Fairs===
{{See also|Fairs in Birbhum}}

==Healthcare==
Nanoor Rural Hospital with 30 beds is the main medical facility in Nanoor CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Banagram, [[Khujutipara]] and [[Kirnahar]].<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Birbhum District}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}
{{Birbhum topics}}

[[Category:Villages in Birbhum district]]

Nanoor - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article