CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-14T12:01:19Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:31, 14 August 2023
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	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	{{Commons category\|Nandi Hills}}		{{Commons category\|Nandi Hills}}
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100618103944/http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/nandi.htm State govt's official site]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100618103944/http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/nandi.htm State govt's official site]

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:58, 9 December 2022

2022-12-09T09:58:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 9 December 2022
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	~~{{more citations needed\|date=June 2019}}~~
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2020}}
	{{Infobox settlement		{{Infobox settlement

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:58, 9 December 2022

2022-12-09T09:58:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 9 December 2022
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	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

			==External links==
			{{Portal\|India}}
			{{Commons category\|Nandi Hills}}
			* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100618103944/http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/nandi.htm State govt's official site]
			* {{Wikivoyage-inline\|Nandi Hills}}



			[[Category:Cities and towns in Chikkaballapur district]]
			[[Category:Hill stations in Karnataka]]
			[[Category:Populated places in the Western Ghats]]
			[[Category:Hills of Karnataka]]
			[[Category:Tourist attractions in Karnataka]]
			[[Category:Buildings and structures in Chikkaballapur district]]
			[[Category:Forts in Karnataka]]
			[[Category:Geography of Chikkaballapur district]]

Dhaneesh Ram: Created page with "{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | native_name = Nandi Betta | native_name_lang = Kannada | other_name = Nandidurga | settlement_type = town | image_skyline =File:Sunrise at Nandi Hills.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Sunrise seen from Nandi Hills | nickname = | pushpin_map = India Karnataka | pushpin_label..."

2022-12-09T09:58:11Z

Created page with "{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | native_name = Nandi Betta | native_name_lang = Kannada | other_name = Nandidurga | settlement_type = town | image_skyline =File:Sunrise at Nandi Hills.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Sunrise seen from Nandi Hills | nickname = | pushpin_map = India Karnataka | pushpin_label..."

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 9 December 2022
Line 98:		Line 98:
	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	~~==External links==~~
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	~~{{Commons category\|Nandi Hills}}~~
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100618103944/http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/nandi.htm State govt's official site]
	* {{Wikivoyage-inline\|Nandi Hills}}



	~~[[Category:Cities and towns in Chikkaballapur district]]~~
	~~[[Category:Hill stations in Karnataka]]~~
	~~[[Category:Populated places in the Western Ghats]]~~
	~~[[Category:Hills of Karnataka]]~~
	~~[[Category:Tourist attractions in Karnataka]]~~
	~~[[Category:Buildings and structures in Chikkaballapur district]]~~
	~~[[Category:Forts in Karnataka]]~~
	~~[[Category:Geography of Chikkaballapur district]]~~

2406:7400:56:DAB8:5D49:6C25:4412:16CC at 10:09, 28 November 2022

2022-11-28T10:09:06Z

New page

{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name = Nandi Betta
| native_name_lang = Kannada
| other_name = Nandidurga
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =File:Sunrise at Nandi Hills.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Sunrise seen from Nandi Hills
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.3862588|N|77.7009344|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chikkaballapur district|Chikkaballapur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1478
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bangalore]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
}}

'''Nandi Hills''' (Anglicised forms include ''Nandidurg'' and ''Nandydoorg'') is an ancient hill station built by [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga Dynasty]] in the [[Chikkaballapur district]] of [[Karnataka]] state. It is 10 km from Chickballapur town and approximately 60 km from [[Bengaluru]]. The hills are near the town Nandi. In traditional belief, the hills are the origin of the [[Arkavati|Arkavathy river]],<ref name="horticulture.kar.nic.in">{{Cite web |url=http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/nandi.htm |title=Welcome to Nandi Hills |access-date=7 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618103944/http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/nandi.htm |archive-date=18 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Ponnaiyar River]], [[Palar River]],<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://waterresources.kar.nic.in/river_systems.htm#8.0%20PALAR%20RIVER%20SYSTEM |title = River Systems of Karnataka}}</ref> [[Papagni River]] and [[Penna River]].<ref name="Garg1999">{{cite book|last=Garg|first=Santosh Kumar|title=International and interstate river water disputes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrcqGF3agsEC&pg=PA7|year=1999|publisher=Laxmi Publications|isbn=978-81-7008-068-8|pages=7–8}}</ref> Watching the sunrise at Nandi Hills is popular with tourists.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/what-makes-nandi-hills-an-ideal-getaway-from-bengaluru/as65950332.cms |title=What makes Nandi Hills an ideal getaway from Bengaluru? |last=Dey |first=Panchali |access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> The first ever [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]] summit hosted by India was held at Nandi Hills in 1986.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/diplomacy/story/19861215-saarc-summit-fails-to-scale-great-heights-in-terms-of-forging-mutual-cooperation-801530-1986-12-15|title=SAARC Summit fails to scale great heights in terms of forging mutual cooperation|date=15 December 1986|work=India Today|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>

==Etymology==
There are many stories about the origin of the name Nandi Hills. During the [[Chola]] period, Nandi Hills was called Anandagiri meaning The Hill of Happiness.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bengaloorutourism.com/nandi-hills.php |title=Nandi Hills }}</ref> It is also perhaps called Nandi Hills because the hills resemble a sleeping bull. Another theory holds that the hill gets its name from an ancient, 1300-year-old, Dravidian-style temple, and for the [[Nandi (bull)]], statue situated on this hill.{{cn|date=February 2022}}

==History==
[[File:Nandi Hills top.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Top of Nandi Hills]]

Nandi Hills was developed by [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga Dynasty]] in 11th century.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/travelnews/story/71232/nandi-hills|title=Plans include beautification of the entire hill station to attract tourists|date=26 February 2021|publisher = Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Āgama Aura Tripiṭaka, Eka Anuśilana: Language and Literature|page=500|author=Muni Nagraj}}</ref> It was also used by [[Tipu Sultan]] as a summer retreat.<ref>{{cite book|title=India 2001: Reference Encyclopedia - Volume 1|year=1995|page=37}}</ref>

Nandidurga was traditionally held impregnable, and [[Siege of Nundydroog|its storming]] by the army of [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Cornwallis]] on 19 October 1791 was one of the most notable incidents of the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War|first war]] against [[Tipu Sultan]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]]. A description of the siege is given in Browne's History of Scotland<ref>Browne, James (1909) [https://archive.org/stream/historyofscotlan08browiala#page/10/mode/1up The history of Scotland]. Vol. 8. Francis A. Niccolls. pp. 10-11</ref> and the records of the 71st Highlanders.<ref>Hildyard HJT Lt (1876) Historical record of the 71st Regiment Highland Light Infantry. Harrison and sons. [https://archive.org/stream/historicalrecord00hildiala#page/44/mode/2up scan]</ref>
{{quote|Nundydroog, a celebrated fortress and country of Hindostan, in the province of Mysore. The former is built on the summit of a rock, about 1700 feet high, three-fourths of its circumference being inaccessible. Our forces took it by storm in 1791, after a three weeks' siege. It stands in long. 77° 53' E., and lat. 13° 22' N.|London Encyclopaedia, 1829<ref>Anon, 1829 The London Encyclopaedia. Vol. 16 [https://archive.org/details/londonencyclopa15unkngoog scan]</ref>}}

It later became a retreat for [[British Raj]] officials during the hot season. [[Francis Cunningham (Indian Army officer)|Francis Cunningham]] built the summer residence here for Sir [[Mark Cubbon (army officer)|Mark Cubbon]].

{{quote|...this droog, one now used as a hotel, built by General Cubbon, sometime British resident; but the rock has a bad reputation for malaria, and except in the very dry months is shunned by visitors, in spite of its, to the senses, delightful climate|Lt. Gen. E F Burton<ref>Burton, E F (1888) An Indian Olio. Spencer Blackett. London. p. 145 [https://archive.org/details/indianolio00burtrich Scan]</ref>}}

The climate at the top of the hill made it of interest to [[Horticulture|horticulturists]]. Several species of plant were introduced into an experimental garden. Firminger's manual notes that several species of ''Anona'' were grown at this garden and also notes the peculiarity of ''[[Hypericum mysorense]]'':<ref name=firminger/>
{{quote|''H. mysorense''.—An ornamental bush indigenous to the Western Ghauts, but rarely found in gardens. It is domesticated, or wild, in the Fort at Nandidroog, the latter being situated on the top of an isolated hill on the plateau of Mysore at an elevation of 4,850 feet. This is mentioned, as curiously enough, one has to travel more than a hundred miles towards the Western Ghauts, before the plant is met with in the wild state again. Fertile seed has never been secured. The fine yellow flowers are three inches across. Only suitable for the shrubbery in hill gardens.|Burns, 1930<ref name=firminger>Burns, W (1930) Firminger's manual of gardening for India. Thacker and Spink. Sixth edition.</ref>}}

Potato cultivation was introduced for the first time in the neighbourhood of Bangalore by a Colonel Cuppage and continued by the botanist [[Benjamin Heyne]]. Heyne brought seeds from St. Helena and these grew well enough that they were supplied in Madras and preferred to those obtained from Bengal.<ref>{{cite book|author=Royle, John Forbes|year= 1840| title= Essay on the productive resources of India.|publisher= W.H. Allen|place=London| url=https://archive.org/stream/essayonproductiv00roylrich#page/68/mode/2up}}</ref> In 1860, tea plants were tried on Nandi Hills by [[Hugh Cleghorn (forester)|Hugh Cleghorn]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper= The public ledger|date=13 November 1860| title=Tea cultivation in India|page=3|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001260/18601113/030/0003| via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>

==Development==
{{wide image|Panorama View from Nandi Hills.jpg|1280px|Panorama View from Nandi Hills looking towards north}}
The Department of Horticulture is setting up a one-crore food court. A 30-lakh music stage, located on a three-and-a-half acre grove, will be used to conduct cultural programmes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091214045014/http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/10/stories/2009121058720800.htm The Hindu : Karnataka News : Food court at Nandi Hills]</ref><ref>[http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=126893 Mangalorean.Com- Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011141840/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=126893 |date=11 October 2012 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080913151755/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/16/stories/2008081653150400.htm The Hindu : Karnataka / Bangalore News : sets target for ‘2020’]</ref> Furthermore, the Horticulture Department is developing {{convert|140|acre|km2}} of land in the Nandi Hills region with the creation of a large-scale exotic botanical garden. A planetarium with an initial one-crore investment is also being constructed.<ref>[http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=171765 Mangalorean.Com- Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313132205/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=171765 |date=13 March 2010 }}</ref> A gondola lift system will connect the peak of the Nandi Hill with the nearby [[Muddenahalli]].<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/50496/centre-okays-gps-ksrtc-buses.html Centre okays GPS for KSRTC buses]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110925022712/http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/13/stories/2008061352411000.htm The Hindu : Karnataka / Bangalore News : And now, here comes horticulture tourism]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121107070713/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/16/stories/2009081659500600.htm The Hindu : Karnataka News : Facilities at Nandi Hills to be improved]</ref><ref name="thehindu.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100417102051/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/02/stories/2009060256860500.htm The Hindu : Karnataka News : IIT will be established at Muddenahalli, says Moily]</ref><ref name="deccanherald.com">[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/31009/silk-city-come-up-near.html Silk city to come up near B’lore]</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090713122731/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/09/stories/2009070954310500.htm The Hindu : Karnataka News : International sports village location to be finalised soon]</ref> Other projects including [[Prestige Golfshire]] and QVC Nandi Hills are coming up near Nandi Hills.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Services/Hotels--Restaurants/Marriott-to-build-luxury-hotel-near-new-Bangalore-airport/articleshow/2946699.cms|title=Marriott to build luxury hotel near new Bangalore airport|access-date=9 November 2009}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> There are also proposals to construct cable cars, at the cost of 15 to 20 crore, to protect the local environment and reduce the number of vehicles going to the hills.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sakrecubes.com/2016/03/cable-car-ropeway-at-nandi-hills.html |title = Coming Soon: Cable-Car at Nandi Hills}}</ref>

==Notable places of interest==
[[File:HelixPalmaria.jpg|thumb|upright|right|''[[Sitala palmaria]]'', a land snail described from the Nandi Hills by [[William Henry Benson]]]]
Places of interest in the area include [[Yoga Nandeeshwara Temple]] (a Hindu temple in Chikkaballapur district), Tipu's Summer Palace, Tipu Drop, and Skandagiri.{{fact|date=August 2020}}

==Biodiversity==
[[File:Vegetation on Nandi Hills.jpg|alt=Vegetation on Nandi Hills|thumb|Vegetation on Nandi Hills]]
The vegetation of the hills is typical of high hills. Inside the fort at the summit, many of the large trees are planted exotics such as ''[[Eucalyptus]]'' and the undergrowth consists of ''[[Coffea arabica]]'' along with some native species. The forest acts as a substrate for cloud condensation and every morning the trees are covered in water. This allows for many moist forest species of plants and animals.

The hills are very rich in birdlife making it a popular location for birdwatchers and bird photographers. The evergreen forest patch on top of the hill being a favoured wintering location for many migrant species of warblers, flycatchers and thrushes. The forest patch is also home for a relict population of the [[Nilgiri woodpigeon]].<ref>Subramanya, S. (2005). Nesting of Wood-Pigeon Columba elphinstonii in Nandi hills, Karnataka, India. Indian Birds 1(2):36-37</ref> A breeding pair of [[shaheen falcon]], the resident race of the [[peregrine falcon]] is also often seen at the Nandi Hills. The [[Malabar whistling thrush]],<ref>Praveen J (2006) Post-monsoon dispersal of Malabar Whistling Thrush ''Myiophonus horsfieldii'' (Vigors) to Chamundi Hill and Nandi Hills(Bull hill), Karnataka, Southern India. Zoos' Print Journal 21(9):2411 [http://www.zoosprint.org/ZooPrintJournal/2006/September/2411.pdf PDF]</ref> [[Uropeltidae|Uropeltid]] snakes and [[pill millipede]]s which are otherwise known only from the [[Western Ghats]] ranges are also found here. The hill slopes are the home of the [[yellow-throated bulbul]], a species endemic to the hills of peninsular India.<ref>Subramanya, S; Karthikeyan, S; Prasad, JN (1991) Yellowthroated Bulbul at Nandi Hill. ''[[Newsletter for Birdwatchers]]''. 31(3&4):7-8.</ref>

== Hiking and trekking ==
[[File:Nandi Hills Trekking Path.jpg|alt=Nandi Hills Trekking Path|thumb|Nandi Hills Trekking Path]]
Nandi Hills is a destination for hiking and trekking for beginners to intermediate level. Trails in the area include the staircase-based trekking path which starts near Sultanpet village.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-25|title=Nandi Hills - A small trek to the top|url=https://yourstrulyindia.com/nandi-hills-trek-bangalore-bengaluru-daytrip-blog/|access-date=2020-06-19|website=Yours Truly India-Walking Tours in Bangalore-Bangalore Heritage Tours|language=en-US}}</ref>

{{As of|March 2022}}, visitors require prior District administration passes to visit Nandi hills on weekends to manage parking and reduce overcrowding on the hill station. Only 1,000 two-wheelers and 300 light motor vehicles parking is allowed on the hill station. Passes can be purchased at the Ticket counter at the base of the hill station or through KSTDC website. Earlier Nandi Hills was closed due to Covid restrictions.
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/ivf-works-like-boon-against-infertility/articleshow/90408968.cms |title=Nandi Hills open on weekends |date=2022-03-25 |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|India}}
{{Commons category|Nandi Hills}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100618103944/http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/nandi.htm State govt's official site]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Nandi Hills}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Chikkaballapur district]]
[[Category:Hill stations in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Hills of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Chikkaballapur district]]
[[Category:Forts in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Geography of Chikkaballapur district]]

Nandi Hills, India - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:58, 9 December 2022

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:58, 9 December 2022

2406:7400:56:DAB8:5D49:6C25:4412:16CC at 10:09, 28 November 2022