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{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Indischer Maler um 1755 002.jpg
| caption = Nanda (right) watches Krishna being pushed on a swing
| spouse = [[Yashoda]]
| children = [[Krishna]], [[Balarama]] (foster-children)<br>[[Yogamaya]] (biological daughter)
| dynasty = [[Yadu dynasty|Yaduvamsha]]-[[Chandravamsha]]
| texts = [[Bhagavata Purana]]'', ''[[Harivamsa]]'', ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]''<ref>Brahmavaivarta Purana Sri-Krishna Janma Khanda (Fourth Canto) Chapter 13.Verse 224 English translation by Shantilal Nagar Parimal Publications Link: https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-purana-all-four-kandas-english-translation</ref>
| region = Gokulam
}}{{short description|Foster-father of Hindu god Krishna}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}

'''Nanda''' ({{Lang-sa|नंद}}) is a cow-herd chief,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhatt |first1=Dr G. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sG_tDwAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+cowherd+chief&pg=PA1137 |title=The Agni-Purana Part 4: Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Volume 30 |last2=Gangadharan |first2=N. |date=2013-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-3897-0 |pages=1137 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Books |first=Kausiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPdJEAAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+cowherd+chief&pg=PT119 |title=Bhagavatha Maha Purana 1st Skanda : English translation only without Slokas |date=2021-07-12 |publisher=Kausiki Books |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Case |first=Margaret H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh7OoTSH5UwC&dq=nanda+cowherd+chief&pg=PA3 |title=Seeing Krishna: The Religious World of a Brahman Family in Vrindaban |date=2000-04-20 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-535153-8 |pages=3 |language=en}}</ref> and the foster-father of [[Krishna]], featured in the [[Harivamsa|Harivamsha]] and the [[Puranas]].<ref name="gbbok2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htVhBAAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+vasudeva&pg=PT79 | title=Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead- Chepter-5 | publisher=The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust | author=His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupad | isbn=978-9171495587}}</ref> Nanda is the son of [[Parjanya Maharaja|Parjanya]],<ref name="Das1999">{{cite book|author=Swarup Das|title=Śrī Śrī 84 Krosh Vrajamaṇḍala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHnXAAAAMAAJ&q=parjanya+nanda|year=1999|publisher=Samir Debanth}}</ref><ref name="Entwistle1987">{{cite book|author=A. W. Entwistle|title=Braj: Centre of Krishna Pilgrimage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YoRAQAAIAAJ&q=parjanya|year=1987|publisher=E. Forsten|isbn=978-90-6980-016-5}}</ref> a ruler of the [[Braj|Vraja]] region,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Holdrege |first=Barbara A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_tBgCgAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+vraja&pg=PT235 |title=Bhakti and Embodiment: Fashioning Divine Bodies and Devotional Bodies in Krsna Bhakti |date=2015-08-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-66909-8 |pages=235 |language=en}}</ref> who is a son of the [[Yadava]] king, Devamida.<ref name="Cakravartī2004">{{cite book|author=Viśvanātha Cakravartī|title=Sārārtha Darśini: Tenth Canto Commnetaries [of] Srimad Bhagavatam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2vXAAAAMAAJ&q=parjanya+yadava|year=2004|publisher=Mahanidhi Swami}}</ref> He is the chief of [[Gokul|Gokulam]],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lach |first1=Donald Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPiumz4vx0C&dq=nanda+gokulam&pg=PA1052 |title=South Asia |last2=Kley |first2=Edwin J. Van |date=1993 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-46754-2 |pages=1052 |language=en}}</ref> which is one of the most powerful territories of the [[Yadava]] tribe.<ref name="GBook1">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bOEAwAAQBAJ&dq=nand+vasudev&pg=PA119 | title=The Greatest Farce of History | publisher=Partridge Publishing | author=Gopal Chowdhary | year=2014 | pages=119 | isbn=978-1482819250}}</ref> He is sometimes referred to as a king.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2022-07-16 |title=Verse 5.14.7 [Garga Samhita] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/garga-samhita-english/d/doc1125742.html |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

Nanda is the cousin of [[Vasudeva]].<ref name="Cakravartī2004"/><ref name="tkk">{{cite book|last1=Sanghi|first1=Ashwin|title=The Krishna key|date=2012|publisher=Westland|location=Chennai|isbn=9789381626689|page=Key7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UiwMRwcT-kC&q=choudhary+yadav+ahir|access-date=9 June 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref name="GBook1"/><ref name="Lok Nath Soni">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT-BAAAAMAAJ&q=vasudeva | title=The Cattle and the Stick: An Ethnographic Profile of the Raut of Chhattisgarh | publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, 2000 Original from the University of Michigan | author=Lok Nath Soni | year=2000 | location=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, Delhi | pages=16 | isbn=978-8185579573}}</ref> Vasudeva takes his newborn son, Krishna, to Nanda on the night of the child's birth, so that Nanda could raise him. The chief, who is married to [[Yashoda]], brings up both Krishna, and his brother, [[Balarama]]. Krishna derives his epithet ''Nandanandana'' (son of Nanda) from him.<ref name="John Stratton Hawley">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jP7_AwAAQBAJ&dq=Nandanandana+krishna&pg=PA316 | title=At Play with Krishna: Pilgrimage Dramas from Brindaran | publisher=Princeton University Press | author=John Stratton Hawley | year=2014 | location=Princeton Legacy Library | pages=316 | isbn=978-1400859122}}</ref><ref name="Charles Barnett">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=veGFAwAAQBAJ&dq=Nandanandana+krishna&pg=PT162 | title=Blazing Sadhus or Never Trust a Holy Man Who Can't Dance | publisher=Charles Barnett | author=Charles Barnett | year=2014 | pages=III | isbn=978-1632958624}}</ref>

==Legend==
Nanda was the foster-father of Krishna. He also helped to raise Balarama. Nanda, identified as King Nanda in many scriptures<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sehgal |first=Sunil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDmwCcLza2AC&dq=nanda+king+gokula&pg=PA1084 |title=Encyclopaedia of Hinduism |date=1999 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-064-1 |pages=1084 |language=en}}</ref> was a kinsman and a great friend of [[Vasudeva]].<ref name="Shrí Lallú Lal Kab">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=16AIAAAAQAAJ&dq=nand+nand++gokul&pg=PA18 | title=Prem ságar; or, The ocean of love | publisher=Oxford University | year=1867 | pages=18}}</ref> The fact that King Nanda and King Vasudeva were cousins is confirmed both by the [[Bhagavat Purana|Bhagavata Purana]], Book 10, and the [[Mahabharata]].<ref name="Olson2007">{{cite book|author=Carl Olson|title=Hindu Primary Sources: A Sectarian Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zuqB0o8aGzMC&pg=PA240|access-date=21 August 2017|year=2007|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4070-2|pages=240–}}</ref><ref name="Gosvāmī2006">{{cite book|author=Jīva Gosvāmī|title=Śrī Kr̥ṣṇa-sandarbha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG7aAAAAMAAJ|access-date=21 August 2017|year=2006|publisher=Rasbiharilal & sons|isbn=978-81-8403-018-1}}</ref>
[[File:Nanda Requests a Horoscope for Krishna.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Nanda requests a horoscope for Krishna.]]
King [[Vasudeva]] married [[Devaki]], the daughter of King Devaka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&dq=devaka+father+of+devaki&pg=PT424 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2014-04-18 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |pages=424 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Garg |first=Gaṅgā Rām |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&dq=king+devaka&pg=PA21 |title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-374-0 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> Devaki's cousin, an evil tyrant named [[Kamsa]], had imprisoned his father, [[Ugrasena]], and usurped the throne. Owing to a divine prophecy that he would be slain by the eighth child of Devaki, [[Kamsa]] arranged that all of Devaki's sons should die at birth. Six children thus perished.<ref name="Bhagwat Purana2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYsJnhaeVuMC&dq=king+nanda&pg=PA189 | title=A God Who Dances: Krishna for You | publisher=Torchlight Publishing | author=Carl Woodham | year=2011 | pages=84 | isbn=978-0981727363}}</ref> [[Vasudeva]]'s wife, [[Rohini (wife of Vasudeva)|Rohini]], gave birth to Balarama, and [[Krishna]] himself was placed by [[Vasudeva]] into the hands of Nanda. Both Krishna and Balarama were brought up by Nanda, the cowherd-chief, and his wife, Yashoda.<ref name="Bhagwat Purana3">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYsJnhaeVuMC&dq=king+nanda&pg=PA189 | title=A God Who Dances: Krishna for You | publisher=Torchlight Publishing | author=Carl Woodham | year=2011 | pages=103–121 | isbn=978-0981727363}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHTmRSnoGp4C&dq=king+nanda+krishna&pg=PA14 | title=The Bhagavad Gita: Revised Edition | publisher=SUNY Press | author=Winthrop Sargeant, Christopher Key Chapple | year=1984 | pages=9, 14 | isbn=978-0873958318}}</ref><ref name="Jürgen Neuß">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5TYd6pXmdIC&dq=nanda+gop&pg=PA265 | title=Narmad?parikram? - Circumambulation of the Narmad? River: On the Tradition of a Unique Hindu Pilgrimage Volume 42 of Brill's Indological Library | publisher=BRILL | author=Jürgen Neuß | year=2012 | pages=265 | isbn=978-9004228573}}</ref>

A legend from the Bhagavata Purana describes the episode of Nanda's abduction. Having observed a fast during the [[ekadashi]], he entered the waters of the [[Yamuna]] the following night to perform ablutions, disregarding the fact that it was a period of the day that was reserved for the [[Asura|asuras]]. He was captured by an asura who served [[Varuna]], the god of water, and took him to his underwater realm. Having heard that his foster-father had been taken captive, Krishna reassured his community of the former's safety, and sought an audience with Varuna. Delighted at the sight of Krishna, Varuna offered his obeisance, as well as apologies for his servant's actions, and returned Nanda from his abode. Astonished at the sight of Varuna's abode as well as his foster-son's actions, Nanda conveyed this incident to the people of Gokulam, who determined that Krishna must be [[Ishvara]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Manmatha Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQQ-AQAAMAAJ&dq=krishna+nanda+abducted+varuna+asura&pg=RA2-PA128 |title=A Prose English Translation of Srimadbhagavatam |date=1896 |publisher=M.N. Dutt |pages=128–129 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dikshitar |first=V. R. Ramachandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmqe3AGz5fUC&dq=nanda+chief+gokulam+purana&pg=PA435 |title=The Purāṇa index. 2. (From T to M) |date=1995 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-209-1274-8 |pages=435 |language=en}}</ref>

When Krishna is enveloped by the serpent [[Kaliya]], Nanda and his men attempt to rescue him by diving into the Yamuna, but he was restrained by Balarama, who knew the true identity of his brother.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hudson |first=D. Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXlMCAAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+kaliya&pg=PT215 |title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram |date=2008-09-25 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-045140-0 |pages=215 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Leeming |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPrhBwAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+kaliya&pg=PA232 |title=Oxford Companion to World Mythology |date=2005-11-17 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-028888-4 |pages=232 |language=en}}</ref>

In an episode, Nanda and all the people of Vraja undertook a pilgrimage to a site named Ambika Vana, where they worshipped [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]], and bathed in the [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati river]]. They spent the night at the banks of the river. A huge python started to swallow Nanda, having caught hold of his leg. Hearing his cries for help, Krishna and the cowherds arrived to rescue him. The men tried to brandish their torches at the snake to free him, but to no avail. Krishna merely tapped the python with his foot, and the creature assumed the form of a [[gandharva]]. The gandharva explained that he was named Sudarshana, and due to the fact that he had laughed to mock [[Rishi|sages]] from his [[vimana]], he had been cursed with the form of a python; the touch of Krishna's foot had liberated him from his curse.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venkatesananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SS01AAAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+python&pg=PA270 |title=The Concise Srimad Bhagavatam |date=2010-03-31 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-1-4384-2283-1 |pages=270 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vanamali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFwoDwAAQBAJ&dq=python+nanda&pg=PT97 |title=The Complete Life of Krishna: Based on the Earliest Oral Traditions and the Sacred Scriptures |date=2012-05-22 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-59477-690-8 |pages=97 |language=en}}</ref>

===Genealogy===

{{Tree chart/start}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | YAD | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |YAD = [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yadu]]}}
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{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | YAd | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |YAd = [[Yadava]] dynasty (After 74 generations)}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
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{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | VRs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |VRs = [[Vrishni]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | VPr |~|y|~| DEv |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|y|~| MDs | DEv=Devamida|VPr=Vesparna|MDs=Madisha}}
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{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | PAr |~|y|~| VAr | | PAr=[[Parjanya Maharaja|Parjanya]]|VAr=Variyasi| | | | | | | | | | | | SUr |~|y|~| MAr| | SUr=[[Surasena]]|MAr=Marisha}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | NAn |~|y|~| YAs | | NAn=Nanda|YAs=[[Yashoda]] | | | | | | | | | | | | VAs |~|y|~| DEv | | VAs=[[Vasudeva]]|DEv=[[Devaki]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | YOc | | YOc = [[Yogamaya]] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KRs | | KRs = [[Krishna]]}}
{{Tree chart/end}}

==Veneration==
[[File:नंदगाँव का एक दृश्य.JPG|thumb|right|Nandagaon]]
[[File: Lathmar Women.jpg|thumb|right|Women waiting for gopis in the streets of Nandagaon during [[Lath mar Holi]]]]

===Nandagaon===
{{Main|Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh}}

Nandagaon is one of the religious places near [[Barsana]] in [[Braj]]. It was capital of feudal Nanda, where he resided with his followers and the cowherds.<ref name="Trilochan Dash1">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YjhTtkcwE0C&dq=king+nanda+krishna&pg=PA218 | title=Krishna Leeela in Brajamandal a Retrospect | publisher=Saudamini Dash | author=Trilochan Dash | year=2012 | pages=196}}</ref>

===Nanda Bhavan (Chaurasi Khamba Mandir)===
The residence of Nanda, known as ''Nanda Bhavan'', where Krishna is said to have grown up and spent the first three years of his childhood is a main and most famous temple in [[Mahavan]]. This yellow coloured building has many wall paintings depicting pastimes of [[Krishna]] has 84 pillars inside. It is believed that there are 84,00,000 species in this material world and each pillar is said to symbolize 100,000 species, thus representing all the life in the universe.<ref name=" Dev Prasad">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0_5caqiUH0C&dq=gokul&pg=PT54 | title=Krishna: A Journey through the Lands & Legends of Krishna | publisher=Jaico Publishing House | author=Dev Prasad | year=2010 | isbn=978-8184951707}}</ref>

===Nanda Ghata===
The Nanda Ghata is situated on the banks of the sacred river [[Yamuna]]. The Ghata (Riverbank) is related to the rescue of Nanda's abduction by the [[asura]] of [[Varuna]], while Nanda was taking a bath in the holy river, [[Yamuna]].<ref name="Trilochan Dash">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YjhTtkcwE0C&dq=king+nanda+krishna&pg=PA218 | title=Krishna Leeela in Brajamandal a Retrospect | publisher=Saudamini Dash | author=Trilochan Dash | year=2012 | pages=211}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Parjanya Maharaja|Parjanya]]
*[[Yashoda]]
*[[Vasudeva]]
* [[Vrishabhanu]]

==References==
<references />

*'' Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dallapiccola

{{HinduMythology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda (Mythology)}}
[[Category:People related to Krishna]]
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Nanda (Hinduism) - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article