Nanaji Deshmukh - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|Indian Social Reformer}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~November 2018~~}}		{{Short description\|Indian Social Reformer}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2021}}
	{{Fanpov\|date=January 2019}}		{{Fanpov\|date=January 2019}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
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	\| image = Nanaji Deshmukh 2017 stamp of India.jpg		\| image = Nanaji Deshmukh 2017 stamp of India.jpg
	\| caption = Nanaji Deshmukh on a 2017 stamp of India		\| caption = Nanaji Deshmukh on a 2017 stamp of India
	\| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]		\| office = Member of Parliament, [[Lok Sabha]]
	\| constituency = [[Balrampur (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Balrampur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]		\| constituency = [[Balrampur (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Balrampur]], Uttar Pradesh
	\| term_start = 1977		\| term_start = 1977
	\| term_end = 1979<ref>{{cite book\|title=Lok Sabha condoles Nanaji Deshmukh's death\|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/lok-sabha-condoles-nanaji-deshmukh-s-death/story-Yv59z9urpxi4Mt9fUfgqaI.html\|publisher=The Hindustantimes\|access-date=10 March 2010}}</ref>		\| term_end = 1979<ref>{{cite book\|title=Lok Sabha condoles Nanaji Deshmukh's death\|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/lok-sabha-condoles-nanaji-deshmukh-s-death/story-Yv59z9urpxi4Mt9fUfgqaI.html\|publisher=The Hindustantimes\|access-date=10 March 2010}}</ref>
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	[[File:IND Padma Vibhushan BAR.png\|35px]] [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1999)		[[File:IND Padma Vibhushan BAR.png\|35px]] [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1999)
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|2010\|02\|27\|1916\|10\|11}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|2010\|02\|27\|1916\|10\|11}}
	\| death_place = [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh\|Chitrakoot]],<br >[[Satna District]],<br>[[Madhya Pradesh]],<br>[[India]]		\| death_place = [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh\|Chitrakoot]],<br >[[Satna District]],<br>[[Madhya Pradesh]],<br>India
	\| children =		\| children =
	\| alma_mater = Birla ~~College (~~BITS Pilani)		\| alma_mater = [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani\|BITS Pilani]]
	}}		}}
	'''Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh''' ~~also~~ known as '''Nanaji Deshmukh''' (11 October 1916 – 27 February 2010) was a social reformer and politician from [[India]]. He worked in the fields of education, health, and rural self-reliance~~. He was honoured with the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 1999~~. He was posthumously awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award in 2019 by [[Government of India]]. He was a leader of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] and also a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bharat-ratna-pranab-mukherjee-bhupen-hazarika-nanaji-deshmukh-ram-nath-kovind-republic-day-2019/354087 \| title=Bharat Ratna for Pranab Mukherjee, Nanaji Deshmukh and Bhupen Hazarika \| publisher=Times Now \| date=25 January 2019 \| access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Who was Nanaji Deshmukh?\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-nanaji-deshmukh-4884617/\|newspaper=The Indian Express\|access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref>		'''Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh''' better known as '''Nanaji Deshmukh''' (11 October 1916 – 27 February 2010) was a social reformer and politician from India. He worked in the fields of education, health, and rural self-reliance. He was posthumously awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award in 2019 by [[Government of India]]. He was a leader of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] and also a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bharat-ratna-pranab-mukherjee-bhupen-hazarika-nanaji-deshmukh-ram-nath-kovind-republic-day-2019/354087 \| title=Bharat Ratna for Pranab Mukherjee, Nanaji Deshmukh and Bhupen Hazarika \| publisher=Times Now \| date=25 January 2019 \| access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Who was Nanaji Deshmukh?\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-nanaji-deshmukh-4884617/\|newspaper=The Indian Express\|access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref>

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==
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	When the ban was lifted and it was decided to have a political organisation, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] came into being. Deshmukh was asked by Golwalkar to take charge of Bharatiya Jana Sangh in [[Uttar Pradesh]] as its general secretary.<ref>{{cite book\|title=BJP Today, Volume 14\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGmOAAAAMAAJ\|publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party\|year=2005\|page=459}}</ref>		When the ban was lifted and it was decided to have a political organisation, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] came into being. Deshmukh was asked by Golwalkar to take charge of Bharatiya Jana Sangh in [[Uttar Pradesh]] as its general secretary.<ref>{{cite book\|title=BJP Today, Volume 14\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGmOAAAAMAAJ\|publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party\|year=2005\|page=459}}</ref>

	In Uttar Pradesh, BJS gained strength from Upadhyaya's vision, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'s oratory skills and Deshmukh's organizational work and it emerged as an important player in the state politics. Deshmukh always shared good relations not only with his party colleagues but also with his opponents. Gupta, who suffered many defeats at the hands of Deshmukh, yet continued to have great respect for him and called him 'Nana Phadanvis '. His relations with Dr. [[Ram Manohar Lohia]] changed the course of Indian politics. Once he invited Lohia in BJS ''karaykarta sammelan'' where he met Upadhyaya for the first time and this association brought the BJS closer to other socialist parties in exposing the Congress and its misrule. Lohia and Deshmukh's association led to the first non-Congress coalition government in Uttar Pradesh after the 1967 state assembly election <ref>{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/india/nanaji-deshmukh-key-architect-of-janata-party-who-quit-politics-to-transform-rural-india/521300/}}</ref>		In Uttar Pradesh, BJS gained strength from Upadhyaya's vision, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'s oratory skills and Deshmukh's organizational work and it emerged as an important player in the state politics. Deshmukh always shared good relations not only with his party colleagues but also with his opponents. Gupta, who suffered many defeats at the hands of Deshmukh, yet continued to have great respect for him and called him 'Nana Phadanvis '. His relations with Dr. [[Ram Manohar Lohia]] changed the course of Indian politics. Once he invited Lohia in BJS ''karaykarta sammelan'' where he met Upadhyaya for the first time and this association brought the BJS closer to other socialist parties in exposing the Congress and its misrule. Lohia and Deshmukh's association led to the first non-Congress coalition government in Uttar Pradesh after the 1967 state assembly election<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/india/nanaji-deshmukh-key-architect-of-janata-party-who-quit-politics-to-transform-rural-india/521300/}}</ref>

	Desmukh actively participated in [[Bhoodan]] Movement started by [[Vinoba Bhave]].<ref name="TNIE1" />		Desmukh actively participated in [[Bhoodan]] Movement started by [[Vinoba Bhave]].<ref name="TNIE1" />
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	He did work towards the anti-poverty and minimum needs programme. Other areas of his work were agriculture and cottage industry, rural health and rural education. Deshmukh assumed chairmanship of the institute after leaving politics and devoted all his time to building up the institute. He was also instrumental in carrying out social restructuring programme in over 500 villages of both [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] states of India.<ref name="TNIE1" /> He also published the journal "Manthan" (introspection) which was edited by K.R. Malkani for many years.		He did work towards the anti-poverty and minimum needs programme. Other areas of his work were agriculture and cottage industry, rural health and rural education. Deshmukh assumed chairmanship of the institute after leaving politics and devoted all his time to building up the institute. He was also instrumental in carrying out social restructuring programme in over 500 villages of both [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] states of India.<ref name="TNIE1" /> He also published the journal "Manthan" (introspection) which was edited by K.R. Malkani for many years.

	Deshmukh did social work in [[Gonda district\|Gonda]] (U.P.), [[Balrampur district\|Balrampur]] and [[Beed district\|Beed]] (Maharashtra). The motto of his project was {{transl\|hi\|Har hath ko denge kaam, har khet ko denge paanee}}.		Deshmukh did social work in [[Gonda district\|Gonda]] (U.P.), [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh\|Balrampur]] and [[Beed district\|Beed]] (Maharashtra). The motto of his project was {{transl\|hi\|Har hath ko denge kaam, har khet ko denge paanee}}.

	He also established [[Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya\|Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya]] in [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh\|Chitrakoot]], India's first rural University, and served as its Chancellor.<ref name="TNIE1" /> Nanaji implemented the philosophy of integral humanism to improve the living standards of more than 150 villages of bundelkhand.		He also established [[Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya\|Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya]] in [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh\|Chitrakoot]], India's first rural University, and served as its Chancellor.<ref name="TNIE1" /> Nanaji implemented the philosophy of integral humanism to improve the living standards of more than 150 villages of bundelkhand.
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	== Appreciation and recognition ==		== Appreciation and recognition ==

	He was awarded [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2019 (Posthumously) and [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 1999.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023083707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-19/lucknow/27225871_1_abdul-kalam-principal-scientific-advisor-human-resources Utilise human resources judiciously: Kalam]. ''Times of India''. 19 October 2001</ref>		He was awarded highest civilian award [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2019 (Posthumously) , and second highest civilian award [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 1999.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023083707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-19/lucknow/27225871_1_abdul-kalam-principal-scientific-advisor-human-resources Utilise human resources judiciously: Kalam]. ''Times of India''. 19 October 2001</ref>

	== Death ==		== Death ==
	Deshmukh died on 27 February 2010 in the premises of [[Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya\|Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya]] that he established. He was unwell for some time due to geriatric problems and had refused to be taken to Delhi for treatment. He bequeathed his body to Dadhichi Dehdaan Sanstha of New Delhi which was accepted, and his body was sent to [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] for [[medical research]]. His body was sent by road up to [[Satna]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], and hundreds of people and local residents accompanied this last procession to Satna. From Satna, his body was carried by a chartered plane to New Delhi. In New Delhi, his body was kept for few hours at Keshav Sadan (Delhi headquarters of the Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh), and after that the body was donated to AIIMS with the help of Dadhichi Dehdan Sanstha<ref name="TNIE1" />		Deshmukh died on 27 February 2010 in the premises of [[Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya\|Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya]] that he established. He was unwell for some time due to geriatric problems and had refused to be taken to Delhi for treatment. He bequeathed his body to Dadhichi Dehdaan Sanstha of New Delhi which was accepted, and his body was sent to [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] for [[medical research]]. His body was sent by road up to [[Satna]], Madhya Pradesh, and hundreds of people and local residents accompanied this last procession to Satna. From Satna, his body was carried by a chartered plane to New Delhi. In New Delhi, his body was kept for few hours at Keshav Sadan (Delhi headquarters of the Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh), and after that the body was donated to AIIMS with the help of Dadhichi Dehdan Sanstha.<ref name="TNIE1" />

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	*[[Lal Krishna Advani]]		*[[Lal Krishna Advani]]
	*[[Balraj Madhok]]		*[[Balraj Madhok]]
			*[[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]

	== References ==		== References ==
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	[[Category:Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]		[[Category:Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
	[[Category:People from Marathwada]]		[[Category:People from Marathwada]]
	[[Category:~~Indian male social~~ workers]]		[[Category:Social workers]]
	[[Category:Social workers from Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Category:Social workers from Uttar Pradesh]]
	[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]

2409:4042:291:853E:5543:1AFE:2977:76A at 07:29, 17 June 2021

2021-06-17T07:29:01Z

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{{Short description|Indian Social Reformer}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Fanpov|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Bharat Ratna]] Rashtra Rishi
| name = Nanaji Deshmukh
| image = Nanaji Deshmukh 2017 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Nanaji Deshmukh on a 2017 stamp of India
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Balrampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balrampur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = 1977
| term_end = 1979<ref>{{cite book|title=Lok Sabha condoles Nanaji Deshmukh's death|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/lok-sabha-condoles-nanaji-deshmukh-s-death/story-Yv59z9urpxi4Mt9fUfgqaI.html|publisher=The Hindustantimes|access-date=10 March 2010}}</ref>
| predecessor = Chandra Bhal Mani Tiwari
| successor = Chandra Bhal Mani Tiwari
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency2 = [[List of nominated members of Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]
| term_start2 = 1999
| term_end2 = 2005
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| constituency3 = 
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 =
| constituency4 =
| birthname = Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1916|10|11}}
| birth_place = Kadoli, [[Parbhani District]], [[Hyderabad State]] [[British Raj|British India]] (Present day: Kadoli, [[Hingoli District]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Republic of India]])
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
| awards = [[File:Bharat Ratna Ribbon.svg|35px]] [[Bharat Ratna]] (January 2019) 
[[File:IND Padma Vibhushan BAR.png|35px]] [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1999)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2010|02|27|1916|10|11}}
| death_place = [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakoot]], [[Satna District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| children =
| alma_mater = Birla College (BITS Pilani)
}}
'''Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh''' also known as '''Nanaji Deshmukh''' (11 October 1916 – 27 February 2010) was a social reformer and politician from [[India]]. He worked in the fields of education, health, and rural self-reliance. He was honoured with the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 1999. He was posthumously awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award in 2019 by [[Government of India]]. He was a leader of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] and also a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bharat-ratna-pranab-mukherjee-bhupen-hazarika-nanaji-deshmukh-ram-nath-kovind-republic-day-2019/354087 | title=Bharat Ratna for Pranab Mukherjee, Nanaji Deshmukh and Bhupen Hazarika | publisher=Times Now | date=25 January 2019 | access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Who was Nanaji Deshmukh?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-nanaji-deshmukh-4884617/|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref>

== Early life ==
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi paying floral tributes to Nanaji Deshmukh, on the Birth Centenary Celebrations of Nanaji Deshmukh, at IARI, New Delhi.jpg|thumb|220px|right|The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi paying floral tributes to Nanaji Deshmukh, on the Birth Centenary Celebrations of Nanaji Deshmukh, at IARI, New Delhi on 11 October 2017]]
Nanaji was born on 11 October 1916 into a [[Marathi people|Marathi]]-speaking [[Deshastha Brahmin]] family<ref>{{cite book|title=New Quest, Issues 25–30|year = 1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bpctAAAAIAAJ|publisher=The Indian Association for Cultural Freedom|page=8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India|author=Christophe Jaffrelot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC|publisher=Primus Books|year=2010|page=194|isbn=978-1849041386}}</ref>
at [[Kadoli, Maharashtra|Kadoli]], which is a small town in the [[Hingoli]] district. He worked as a vegetable seller to raise money for his education.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGmOAAAAMAAJ|title=BJP Today, Volume 14|publisher= Bhartiya Janata Party|year=2005|page=459}}</ref>

He went to high school in [[Sikar]], where the Raoraja of [[Sikar]] gave him a scholarship. He studied in [[Pilani|Birla college (Now BITS Pilani)]] ). In the same year, he also joined the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS).<ref>{{cite book|title=Architect of A Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CYRCDwAAQBAJ|author=Preeti Trivedi|date = December 2017|page=37|publisher=Bhartiya Sahitya Inc|isbn = 9781613016381|access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref>

Though born in Maharashtra, the fields of his activities were Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The then RSS chief [[M. S. Golwalkar]] sent him to Gorakhpur (U.P) as "[[RSS pracharak|pracharak]]" (full-time functionary). He rose to be the ''Saha Prant Pracharak'' of the whole of Uttar Pradesh (which has now become the eighth ''prant'' of RSS).<ref>{{cite book|title=Nanaji Deshmukh, Sangh ideologue who established RSS in UP (Profile)|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/nanaji-deshmukh-sangh-ideologue-who-established-rss-in-up--profile/1465754|publisher=Outlook India|access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref>

== RSS volunteer ==
[[File:The Vice President, Shri Bhairon Singh Shekhawat presenting Shri Naresh Samata Puraskar to Shri Nanaji Deshmukh, in New Delhi on April 8, 2006.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The Vice President, [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] presenting Shri Nanesh Samata Puraskar to Shri Nanaji Deshmukh, in New Delhi on 8 April 2006.]]
Deshmukh became inspired by [[Lokamanya Tilak|Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] and his nationalist ideology, as well as showing an acquired interest in social service and activities. His family was in close contact with [[Dr. K. B. Hedgewar|Keshav Baliram Hedgewar]] who was a regular visitor to Deshmukh's family. He could discern potential in Nanaji and encouraged him to attend [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] ''[[shakha]]s''.<ref>{{cite book|title=BJP Today, Volume 14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGmOAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party|page=459|year=2005|quote=Nanaji family was in close contact with Dr. Hedgewar who was a regular visitor to the family of Nanaji.}}</ref>

In 1940, after Hedgewar's death, many youngsters inspired by him joined the RSS in [[Maharashtra]]. Deshmukh was among those who joined the RSS devoting their whole life in service to the nation. He was sent to [[Uttar Pradesh]] as a [[Pracharak]]. At [[Agra]], he met [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya]] for the first time. Later, Deshmukh went to [[Gorakhpur]] as a pracharak where he took great pains to introduce Sangh ideology in the eastern UP. It was not an easy task at that time as the Sangh had no funds to meet even day-to-day expenses. He had to stay in a ''[[Dharamshalas|Dharmashala]]'' but had to keep on changing ''Dharmashalas'' as no one was allowed to stay there for more than three days consecutively. Ultimately, he was given shelter by [[Baba Raghavdas]] on the condition that he would also cook meals for him.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04JwBgAAQBAJ&pg=PP5|title=Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya|author=Anil Kumar 'Salil'|date=January 0101|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|page=5|isbn=9789351863519}}</ref>

Within three years, his hard work bore fruits and almost 250 ''[[Sangh Shakha]]s'' commenced in and around Gorakhpur. Nanaji always laid great emphasis on education. He established India's first ''[[Saraswati Shishu Mandir]]'' at [[Gorakhpur]] in 1950.<ref name="TNIE1" /><ref>{{cite book|title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India|author=Christophe Jaffrelot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC|publisher=Primus Books|year=2010|page=193|isbn=978-1849041386}}</ref>

When in 1947, the RSS decided to launch two journals ''[[Rashtradharma]]'', ''[[Panchjanya (magazine)|Panchjanya]]'' and a newspaper called ''Swadesh'', Shri [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was assigned the responsibility of the editor and [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya]] was made the ''[[Margdharshak]]'' with Nanaji as the managing director. It was a challenging task as the organisation was hard up for money to bring out the publications, yet it did never dampen their spirits and these publications gained popularity and recognition because of their strong nationalistic content.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya: An inquest, introductory part|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsS1AAAAIAAJ|quote=its auspices were published the magazine 'Rashtra Dharma', the weekly ' Panchajanya' and the daily 'Swadesh'. Of these the last two were edited by Panditji. Nanaji Deshmukh was the managing director of publication|author=Dattopant Bapurao Thengadi|publisher=Suruchi Prakashan|page=9|year=1988}}</ref>

[[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s assassination led to imposition of ban on the RSS and publication work came to a grinding halt. A different strategy was adopted keeping the ban in mind and Deshmukh was the brain behind underground publication work by the RSS those days.<ref>{{cite book|title=BJP Today, Volume 14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGmOAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party|page=459|year=2005|quote=A different strategy was adopted keeping the ban in mind and Nanaji was the brain behind underground publication work by the RSS those days.}}</ref>

== Political life ==
{{More footnotes|date=January 2019|section}}
When the ban was lifted and it was decided to have a political organisation, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] came into being. Deshmukh was asked by Golwalkar to take charge of Bharatiya Jana Sangh in [[Uttar Pradesh]] as its general secretary.<ref>{{cite book|title=BJP Today, Volume 14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGmOAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party|year=2005|page=459}}</ref>

In Uttar Pradesh, BJS gained strength from Upadhyaya's vision, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'s oratory skills and Deshmukh's organizational work and it emerged as an important player in the state politics. Deshmukh always shared good relations not only with his party colleagues but also with his opponents. Gupta, who suffered many defeats at the hands of Deshmukh, yet continued to have great respect for him and called him 'Nana Phadanvis '. His relations with Dr. [[Ram Manohar Lohia]] changed the course of Indian politics. Once he invited Lohia in BJS ''karaykarta sammelan'' where he met Upadhyaya for the first time and this association brought the BJS closer to other socialist parties in exposing the Congress and its misrule. Lohia and Deshmukh's association led to the first non-Congress coalition government in Uttar Pradesh after the 1967 state assembly election <ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/india/nanaji-deshmukh-key-architect-of-janata-party-who-quit-politics-to-transform-rural-india/521300/}}</ref>

Desmukh actively participated in [[Bhoodan]] Movement started by [[Vinoba Bhave]].<ref name="TNIE1" />

Later, Narayan himself and [[Morarji Desai]], who became the Prime Minister heading the [[Janata Party]] Government offered him the Cabinet portfolio of Industry, but Deshmukh spurned the overture. Deshmukh had won in the 1977 election held after revocation of the Emergency with a comfortable margin from Balrampur [[Lok Sabha]] constituency of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="TNIE1" />

When Narayan gave the call for "Total Revolution" Deshmukh responded by giving total support to this movement.<ref name="TNIE1">[http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article216806.ece Social activist Nanaji Deshmukh dead]. ''[[The New Indian Express]]''. 28 February 2010</ref>

He was nominated to [[Rajya Sabha]] by the NDA Government in the year 1999 in recognition of his services to the nation.<ref name="TNIE1" />

== Social work ==
[[File:The Vice President Shri Bhairon Singh Shekhawat conferring the 'Dnyaneswar Award' to noted & veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh, in New Delhi on June 1, 2005.jpg|thumb|220px|right|The Vice President Shri [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] conferring the 'Dnyaneswar Award' to noted & veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh, in New Delhi on 1 June 2005.]]
After retirement from active politics Deshmukh then served Deendayal Research Institute that he himself had established way back in 1969.<ref name="TNIE1" />

He did work towards the anti-poverty and minimum needs programme. Other areas of his work were agriculture and cottage industry, rural health and rural education. Deshmukh assumed chairmanship of the institute after leaving politics and devoted all his time to building up the institute. He was also instrumental in carrying out social restructuring programme in over 500 villages of both [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] states of India.<ref name="TNIE1" /> He also published the journal "Manthan" (introspection) which was edited by K.R. Malkani for many years.

Deshmukh did social work in [[Gonda district|Gonda]] (U.P.), [[Balrampur district|Balrampur]] and [[Beed district|Beed]] (Maharashtra). The motto of his project was {{transl|hi|Har hath ko denge kaam, har khet ko denge paanee}}.

He also established [[Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya|Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya]] in [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakoot]], India's first rural University, and served as its Chancellor.<ref name="TNIE1" /> Nanaji implemented the philosophy of integral humanism to improve the living standards of more than 150 villages of bundelkhand.

== Appreciation and recognition ==

He was awarded [[Bharat Ratna]] in 2019 (Posthumously) and [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 1999.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023083707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-19/lucknow/27225871_1_abdul-kalam-principal-scientific-advisor-human-resources Utilise human resources judiciously: Kalam]. ''Times of India''. 19 October 2001</ref>

== Death ==
Deshmukh died on 27 February 2010 in the premises of [[Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya|Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya]] that he established. He was unwell for some time due to geriatric problems and had refused to be taken to Delhi for treatment. He bequeathed his body to Dadhichi Dehdaan Sanstha of New Delhi which was accepted, and his body was sent to [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] for [[medical research]]. His body was sent by road up to [[Satna]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], and hundreds of people and local residents accompanied this last procession to Satna. From Satna, his body was carried by a chartered plane to New Delhi. In New Delhi, his body was kept for few hours at Keshav Sadan (Delhi headquarters of the Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh), and after that the body was donated to AIIMS with the help of Dadhichi Dehdan Sanstha<ref name="TNIE1" />

== See also ==
*[[Vidya Bharati]]
* [[Indian Nationalism]]
* [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya]]
*[[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]
*[[Lal Krishna Advani]]
*[[Balraj Madhok]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nanaji Deshmukh}}
* [http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2357.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]
* [http://www.bjp.org/today/aug_0105/Aug_p_25.htm Bharatiya Janata Party]
* [http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=9565 Government of India award citation]
* [http://www.chitrakoot.org Deendayal Research Institute]

{{Bharat Ratna}}
{{Sangh Parivar}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, Nanaji}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in social work]]
[[Category:People from Balrampur district]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:People from Hingoli district]]
[[Category:6th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:People from Marathwada]]
[[Category:Indian male social workers]]
[[Category:Social workers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]