ErwinGholson17: fixed issues

2026-03-28T23:26:30Z

fixed issues

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:37, 17 November 2021
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	{{Infobox former country		{{Infobox former country
	\| image_map = The empire of King Tsewang Rnam Rgyal 1., and that of King Jamyang Rnam Rgyal., about 1560 and 1600 A.D.jpg		\| image_map = The empire of King Tsewang Rnam Rgyal 1., and that of King Jamyang Rnam Rgyal., about 1560 and 1600 A.D.jpg
	\| image_map_caption = Historical map of Ladakh ~~under~~ at its largest extent		\| image_map_caption = Historical map of Ladakh at its largest extent
	\| capital = [[Leh]]		\| capital = [[Leh]]
	\| common_languages = [[Ladakhi language\|Ladakhi]], [[Classical Tibetan\|Tibetan]]		\| common_languages = [[Ladakhi language\|Ladakhi]], [[Classical Tibetan\|Tibetan]]
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	\| s1 = Sikh Empire		\| s1 = Sikh Empire
	\| s2 = Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)		\| s2 = Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
	\| year_start = 1460		\| year_start = {{start date\|1460}}
	\| year_end = 1842		\| year_end = {{end date\|1842}}
	\| conventional_long_name = Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh<br>Gyalpo of Ladakh		\| conventional_long_name = Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh<br>Gyalpo of Ladakh
	\| common_name = Namgyal dynasty		\| common_name = Namgyal dynasty
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	==List of kings==		==List of kings==
			{{History of South Asia}}
	The kings of Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:{{sfn\|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh\|1977\|pp=171-172}}<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC\|title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector\|first=M. L.\|last=Sali\|date=20 April 1998\|publisher=APH Publishing\|isbn=9788170249641\|access-date=20 April 2018\|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC\|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh\|first=H. N.\|last=Kaul\|date=20 April 1998\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|isbn=9788173870866\|access-date=20 April 2018\|via=Google Books}}</ref>		The kings of Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:{{sfn\|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh\|1977\|pp=171-172}}<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC\|title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector\|first=M. L.\|last=Sali\|date=20 April 1998\|publisher=APH Publishing\|isbn=9788170249641\|access-date=20 April 2018\|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC\|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh\|first=H. N.\|last=Kaul\|date=20 April 1998\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|isbn=9788173870866\|access-date=20 April 2018\|via=Google Books}}</ref>
	#[[Lhachen Bhagan]] (c. 1460-1485)		#[[Lhachen Bhagan]] (c. 1460-1485)
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	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
	~~{{History of South Asia}}~~
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Leh Palace 2011.jpg\|Leh Palace		File:Leh Palace 2011.jpg\|Leh Palace
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	[[Category:Rulers of Ladakh]]		[[Category:Rulers of Ladakh]]
	[[Category:History of Ladakh]]		[[Category:History of Ladakh]]
			[[Category:History of Tibet]]
			[[Category:Former countries in Chinese history]]
	[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]		[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]
	[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist places]]		[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist places]]
	[[Category:History of Sikkim]]		[[Category:History of Sikkim]]

imported>Dgoodboy at 21:44, 30 July 2021

2021-07-30T21:44:11Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox former country
| image_map = The empire of King Tsewang Rnam Rgyal 1., and that of King Jamyang Rnam Rgyal., about 1560 and 1600 A.D.jpg
| image_map_caption = Historical map of Ladakh under at its largest extent
| capital = [[Leh]]
| common_languages = [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[Classical Tibetan|Tibetan]]
| religion = [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
| p1 = Maryul#First dynasty{{!}}First dynasty of Maryul
| s1 = Sikh Empire
| s2 = Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
| year_start = 1460
| year_end = 1842
| conventional_long_name = Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh<br>Gyalpo of Ladakh
| common_name = Namgyal dynasty
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| today = [[India]] ([[Ladakh]])<br/>[[China]]<br/>[[Pakistan]]<br/>[[Nepal]]
}}

The '''Namgyal dynasty''' was a dynasty whose rulers were the monarchs of the former kingdom of [[Ladakh]] that lasted from 1460 to 1842 and were titled the '''Gyalpo''' of Ladakh.<ref>{{cite book|author=Teg Bahadur Kapur |title=Ladakh, the Wonderland A Geographical, Historical, and Sociological Study |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ladakh_the_Wonderland/BBMbyunREY4C?hl=en&gbpv=1 |date=1987 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=9788170990116 |page=57 }}</ref> The Namgyal dynasty succeeded the [[Maryul#First dynasty|first dynasty of Maryul]] and had several conflicts with the neighboring [[Mughal Empire]] and various dynasties of [[Tibet]], including the [[Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War]]. The dynasty eventually fell to the [[Sikh Empire]] and [[Dogra]]s of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Most of its known history is written in the ''[[Ladakh Chronicles]]''.

==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2020}}

===Founding===
According to the ''[[Ladakh Chronicles]]'', the Namgyal dynasty was founded by [[Bhagan]], the son of Bhara in the kingdom of [[Maryul]]. Bhagan was described as warlike, and established the Namgyal dynasty in 1460 after he formed an alliance with the people of [[Leh]] and dethroned the Maryul king Blo-gros-mc-og-ldan and his brothers drun-pa A-li and Slab-bstan-dar-rgyas.<ref name="Petech">{{cite book |last=Petech |first=Luciano |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |year=1977 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/48901732/1977_Kingdom_of_Ladakh_c_950-1842_AD_by_Petech_s.pdf |via=academia.edu}}</ref>{{rp|25,171}}

He took the surname Namgyal (meaning victorious) and founded a new dynasty which still survives today. King Tashi Namgyal (1555-1575) managed to repel most [[Central Asia]]n raiders, and built a royal fort on the top of the Namgyal Peak. Tsewang Namgyal temporarily extended his kingdom as far as [[Nepal]].

[[File:The Empire of King Nyimagon with three divisions about 975 A. D.- 1000 A.D..jpg|thumb|The Empire of King Nyimagon in Western Tibet about 975-1000 AD. The eldest son Palgyimon received the bulk of the empire under the name [[Maryul]], based in Leh.]]

===Expansion===
[[Sengge Namgyal]] (r. 1616-1642), known as the "Lion" King, made efforts to restore Ladakh to its old glory by an ambitious and energetic building program including the [[Leh Palace]] and the rebuilding of several [[gompas]], the most famous of which are [[Hemis]] and [[Hanle Monastery|Hanle]].<ref>{{harvnb|Rizvi, Ladakh|1996|p=69}}</ref>

He expanded the kingdom into [[Zanskar]] and [[Spiti]], but was defeated by the [[Mughals]], who had already occupied Kashmir and [[Baltistan]]. His son Deldan Namgyal (1642-1694) had to placate the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Aurangzeb]] by building a mosque in [[Leh]]. However, he defeated the Mughal army in Baltistan. His son Delek sided with [[Bhutan]] in a religious dispute between [[Tibet]] and Bhutan, which resulted in an [[Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1679-1684|attempted invasion]] by the [[fifth Dalai Lama]]. The Moghuls withdrew after being paid off by the 5th Dalai Lama.<ref>{{cite book|author=Johan Elverskog|title=Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7_4Gr9Q438C&pg=PA223|date=6 June 2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-0531-2|pages=223–}}</ref> With the help of reinforcements from [[Galdan Boshugtu Khan]], Khan of the [[Zunghar Khanate|Zungar Empire]], the Tibetans attacked again in 1684. The Tibetans were victorious and concluded a treaty with Ladakh then they retreated back to [[Lhasa]] in December 1684. The [[Treaty of Temisgam]] in 1684 settled the dispute between Tibet and Ladakh, but its independence was seriously restricted.

===Downfall===
{{Main| Dogra–Tibetan War | l1=Sikh–Tibetan War}}
The Namgyal dynasty ended in 1842 after a surprise invasion of Ladakh by [[Zorawar Singh Kahluria]]{{sfnp|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh|1977|1, 138–170}}

By the beginning of the 19th century, the Mughal empire had collapsed and [[Sikh]] rule had been established in [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and Kashmir. However the Dogra region of Jammu remained under its Rajput rulers (who ruled under the maharaja ranjit singh) Rajput ruler were given the control of their states but under the name of Punjab and they were part of khalsa empire, [[General Zorawar Singh]] invaded Ladakh in 1834. King Tshespal Namgyal was dethroned and exiled to [[Stok]] where they still had a small [[jagir]] until the post independence [[political integration of India]].

==List of kings==
The kings of Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:{{sfn|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh|1977|pp=171-172}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC|title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector|first=M. L.|last=Sali|date=20 April 1998|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170249641|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh|first=H. N.|last=Kaul|date=20 April 1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870866|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>
#[[Lhachen Bhagan]] (c. 1460-1485)
#Unknown (c. 1485-1510)
#Lata Jughdan (c. 1510-1535)
#Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535-1555)
#Tashi Namgyal ('''BKra‐śis‐rnam‐rgyal'', c. 1555-1575) son{{sfn|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh|1977|pp=28-29}}
#Tsewang Namgyal I (''Ts'e-dbaṅ‐rnam‐rgyal'', c. 1575-1595) nephew{{sfn|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh|1977|pp=31-32}}
#Namgyal Gonpo (''rNam-rgyal-mgon-po'', c. 1595-1600) brother
#[[Jamyang Namgyal]] (''Jams-dbyang-rnam-rgyal'', c. 1595-1616) brother{{sfn|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh|1977|pp=33-37}}
#[[Sengge Namgyal]] (''Seng-ge-rnam-rgyal'', first time, 1616–1623) son{{sfn|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh|1977|pp=38-56}}
#Norbu Namgyal (1623–1624) brother
#[[Sengge Namgyal]] (second time, 1624–1642)
#Deldan Namgyal (''Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal'', 1642-1694) son
#Delek Namgyal (''Bde-legs-rnam-rgyal'', c. 1680-1691) son
#Nyima Namgyal (''Ñi-ma-rnam-rgyal'', 1694-1729) son
#Deskyong Namgyal (''Bde‐skyoṅ‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1729–1739) son
#Phuntsog Namgyal (''P'un‐ts'ogs‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1739–1753) son
#Tsewang Namgyal II (''Ts'e‐dbaṅ-rnam‐rgyal'', 1753–1782) son
#Tseten Namgyal (''Ts'e‐brtan‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1782-1802) son
#[[Tsepal Dondup Namgyal]] (''Ts'e‐dpal‐don‐grub‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1802–1837, 1839–1840) brother
#Kunga Namgyal II (''Kun‐dga'‐rnam‐rgyal'', 1840–1842) grandson

==Gallery==
{{History of South Asia}}
<gallery>
File:Leh Palace 2011.jpg|Leh Palace
File:Namgyal Palace in Stok.jpg|thumb|The Stok Royal Palace, residence of the Namgyal dynasty, former rulers of the former Ladakh kingdom, now [[Ladakh]], Indian [[Union territory|Union Territory]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Chogyal]]
* [[Dharmaraja (disambiguation)|Dharmaraja]]
* [[Devaraja]]
* [[Ladakh#History|History of Ladakh]]
* [[Kingdom of Sikkim]]
* [[Stok]]
* [[Zhabdrung]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last=Petech |first=Luciano |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |year=1977 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/48901732/1977_Kingdom_of_Ladakh_c_950-1842_AD_by_Petech_s.pdf |via=academia.edu |ref={{sfnref|Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh|1977}}}}
* {{citation |last=Rizvi |first=Janet |title=Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia |edition=Second |year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |isbn=0-19-564546-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xoluAAAAMAAJ |ref={{sfnref|Rizvi, Ladakh|1996}}}}

== External links ==
*[http://india.journeymart.com/ladakh/history.asp History of Ladakh]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061030023958/http://www.himalmag.com/2006/august/special_report_1.htm History of Sikkim]

{{Ladakh}}

[[Category:Rulers of Ladakh]]
[[Category:History of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist places]]
[[Category:History of Sikkim]]

Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh - Revision history

ErwinGholson17: fixed issues

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

imported>Dgoodboy at 21:44, 30 July 2021