imported>DiplomatTesterMan: /* External links */ cats from redirect

2021-07-03T12:53:24Z

External links: cats from redirect

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Namdapha National Park
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = II
| photo = Forest_snow_Namdapha_IMG_3373_04.jpg
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Canopy cover of Namdapha National Park
| photo_width =
| map = India Arunachal Pradesh#India
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_width =
| location = [[Changlang District|Changlang]] district, [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India
| nearest_city = [[Miao, Changlang|Miao]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27|29|00|N|96|23|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| relief =1
| area = {{convert|1,985.23|km2|abbr=on}}
| established = 1974
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[Government of Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Government of India]]
| world_heritage_site =
| url = http://arunachalforests.gov.in/Namdapha%20Tiger%20Reserve.html
}}

'''Namdapha National Park''' is a {{convert|1985|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} large protected area in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] of [[Northeast India]]. With more than 1,000 [[flora]]l and about 1,400 [[fauna]]l species, it is a [[biodiversity hotspot]] in the [[Eastern Himalaya]]s.<ref name=deb>{{cite journal |author=Deb, P. & Sundriyal, R. C. |year=2007 |title=Tree species gap phase performance in the buffer zone area of Namdapha National Park, Eastern Himalaya, India |journal=Tropical Ecology 48 |issue=2 |pages=209–225 |url=http://www.tropecol.com/pdf/open/PDF_48_2/08%20Panna.pdf}}</ref> The national park harbours the northernmost lowland [[evergreen forest|evergreen]] [[rainforest]]s in the world at 27°N latitude.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Proctor, J., Haridasan , K. & Smith, G.W. |year=1998 |title=How Far North does Lowland Evergreen Tropical Rain Forest Go? |journal=Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 7 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=141–146 |doi=10.2307/2997817 |jstor=2997817 }}</ref> It also harbours extensive [[dipterocarp]] forests, comprising the northwestern parts of the [[Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests]] [[ecoregion]].<ref name=Datta />

It is the fourth largest national park in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/npa_8231.aspx |title=List of national parks in India |author=Ministry of Environment & Forests |date=2011 |publisher=ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas}}</ref>

==History==
Namdapha was originally declared a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1972, then a National Park in 1983 and became a Tiger Reserve under the Project Tiger scheme in the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.changlang.nic.in/namdapha.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221140441/http://changlang.nic.in/namdapha.html |archive-date=21 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its name was combination of two [[Singpho dialect|Singpho]] words "nam" means water and "dapha" means origin (river which originates from Dapha Bum glaciers.

==Geography and vegetation==
The national park is located in [[Changlang district]] of the [[Northeast India|northeastern state]] of Arunachal Pradesh, near the international border with [[Myanmar]]. It spans an area of {{convert|1985|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} including a buffer zone of {{convert|177|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and a core area of {{convert|1808|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. It is located between the ''Dapha bum'' range of the [[Mishmi Hills]] and the [[Patkai]] range with a wide elevation range between {{convert|200|and|4571|m|ft|abbr=on}}. It is crossed from east to west by the [[Noa Dihing]] River that originates at the Chaukan Pass,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=534877&fid=699&c=burma | title=Chaukan Pass, Burma - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates}}</ref> located on the Indo-Myanmar border. The land cover changes with increasing elevation from [[tropical evergreen forest]] to [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forest]]. [[Secondary forest]]s cover {{convert|345.47|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}; seasonal snow occurs at above {{convert|2700|m|ft|abbr=on}} between December and March.<ref name=deb /><ref>{{cite journal |authors=Lodhi, M.S., Samal, P.K., Chaudhry, S., Palni, L.M.S. and Dhyani, P.P. |year=2014 |title=Land Cover Mapping for Namdapha National Park (Arunachal Pradesh), India Using Harmonized Land Cover Legends |journal=Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 42 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=461–467 |doi=10.1007/s12524-013-0326-8 }}</ref> Additionally, the park has extensive [[bamboo]] forests.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} The area falls under both the [[Palearctic]] and [[Indomalaya|Indo Malayan]] biogeographic areas resulting in a diverse species assemblage.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

==Flora==
[[File:Sapria (34).JPG|left|thumb|Flower of ''Sapria himalayana'']]
''[[Sapria himalayana]]'' and ''[[Balanophora]]'' are root parasites related to ''[[Rafflesia]]'' recorded from the area.<ref>Arunachalam A, Sarmah R, Adhikari D, Majumder M, & Khan ML. (2004) Anthropogenic threats and biodiversity
conservation in Namdapha nature reserve in the Indian Eastern Himalayas. ''Current Science''87(4). p.447. [http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug252004/447.pdf PDF]</ref>
The floristic diversity of Namdapha is as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Floristic Composition of Namdapha National Park<ref>Chauhan AS, Singh KP, Singh DK. (1996) A contribution to the Flora of Namdapha Arunachal Pradesh. Kolkata: Botanical Survey of India 422p</ref>
|-
! Category (total no.) !! Dicots !! Monocots !! Lichens !! Bryophytes !! Pteridophytes !! Gymnosperms
|-
| Families (215) || 119 (55.35) || 19 (8.84) || 17 (7.90) || 21 (9.77) || 36 (16.74) || 3 (1.4)
|-
| Genera (639) || 403 (63) || 111 (17.37) || 34 (5.32) || 33 (5.16) || 54 (8.45) || 4 (0.63)
|-
| Species (1119) || 674 (60.25) || 196 (17.5) || 73 (6.53) || 59 (5.27) || 112 (10) || 5 (0.66)
|}<small>Values in parentheses are percentage of total number.</small>

==Fauna==
===Mammals===
[[File:Petaurista petaurista.JPG|thumb|right|The red giant flying squirrel is often seen in this park]]
The [[Namdapha flying squirrel]] (''Biswamoyopterus biswasi'') was first collected in the park and described.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Saha |first1=S. S. |year=1981 |title=A New Genus and a New Species of Flying Squirrel (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) from Northeastern India |journal=Zoological Survey of India |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=331−336 }}</ref> It is [[endemic]] to the park and [[critically endangered]]. It was last recorded in 1981 in a single valley within the park.<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Molur, S. |year=2016 |title=''Biswamoyopterus biswasi'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T2816A115063959 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T2816A22271554.en }}</ref>

Because of the elevation range from {{convert|300|to|4500|m|ft|abbr=on}} and vegetation zones from [[evergreen forest|evergreen]], moist [[Deciduous Forest|deciduous]] to [[Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest|temperate broadleaved]] and [[Temperate coniferous forest|coniferous forest]] types to [[alpine vegetation]], the park is home to a great diversity of mammal species. Four [[Pantherinae|pantherine]] [[species]] occur in the park: [[leopard]] (''Panthera pardus''), [[snow leopard]] (''P. uncia''), [[tiger]] (''P. tigris'') and [[clouded leopard]] (''Neofelis nebulosa'').<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rawal, R. S. |last2=Dhar, U. |year=2001 |title=Protected area network in Indian Himalayan region: Need for recognizing values of low profile protected areas |journal=Current Science |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=175–184}}</ref>

Other predators present in the protected area are [[dhole]], [[Malayan sun bear]], [[Indian wolf]] and [[Asiatic black bear]]. Smaller carnivores include [[red panda]], [[red fox]], [[yellow-throated marten]], [[Eurasian otter]], [[Oriental small-clawed otter]], [[spotted linsang]], [[binturong]], [[Asian palm civet]], [[small Indian civet]], [[large Indian civet]], [[masked palm civet]], [[marbled cat]], [[fishing cat]], [[Asian golden cat]], and two [[mongoose]] species. Large herbivores are represented by [[Indian elephant]], [[wild boar]], [[musk deer]], [[Indian muntjac]], [[hog deer]], [[sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[gaur]], [[goral]], mainland [[serow]], [[takin]] and [[bharal]].<ref name="Choudhury2003">{{cite book |author=Choudhury, A.U |year=2003 |title=The mammals of Arunachal Pradesh |publisher=Regency Publications |location=New Delhi}}</ref> Non-human [[primate]]s present include [[stump-tailed macaque]], [[slow loris]], [[hoolock gibbon]], [[capped langur]], [[Assamese macaque]] and [[rhesus macaque]].<ref name="Choudhury1995">{{cite journal |author=Choudhury, A.U. |year=1995 |title=The primates of Namdapha National Park |journal=IPPL News |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=23–24}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Chetry, D., Medhi, R., Biswas, J., Das, D. and Bhattacharjee, P.C. |year=2003 |title=Nonhuman Primates in the Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, India |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=383–388 |doi=10.1023/A:1023057401967}}</ref>

===Birds===
Among the earlier papers on the [[bird]]s of Namdapha was published in 1990.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (1990). Bird observations from Namdapha National Park and adjacent areas. ''Arunachal Forest News'' 8 (1&2): 38-43. Itanagar.</ref> The park has about 425 bird species with many more to be recorded from work in the higher areas.<ref name=Datta /> There are five species of hornbills recorded from the area. Several species of rare [[wren-babbler (disambiguation)|wren-babbler]]s have been recorded in Namdapha. Other bird groups include [[laughing thrush]]es, [[parrotbill]]s, [[fulvetta]]s, [[shrike babbler]]s and [[scimitar babbler]]s. The [[Stachyris oglei|snowythroated babbler]] is a rare species of [[Old World babbler|babbler]] found only in the [[Patkai]] and [[Mishmi Hills]] and nearby areas in Northern Myanmar, is found in Namdapha. Other rare, restricted range or globally endangered species include the [[rufous-necked hornbill]], [[green cochoa]], [[purple cochoa]], [[beautiful nuthatch]], [[Ward's trogon]], [[ruddy kingfisher]], [[blue-eared kingfisher]], [[white-tailed fish eagle]], [[Eurasian hobby]], [[pied falconet]], [[white-winged wood duck]], [[Himalayan wood-owl]], [[Arborophila rufogularis|rufous-throated hill-partridge]], and [[Arborophila mandellii|whitecheeked hill partridge]]. Several [[Phylloscopus|leaf warblers]] and migrants such as [[amur falcon]] and several [[Thrush (bird)|thrush]]es can be seen here.<ref name=Datta>Datta, A., Naniwadekar, R. & Anand, M.O. 2008. Hornbills, hoolocks and hog badgers: Long‐term monitoring of threatened wildlife with local communities in Arunachal Pradesh, north‐east India. Final report to the Rufford Small Grants Program (UK). Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, India. 80 pp. [http://www.ruffordsmallgrants.org/files/Final%20Rufford%20report-%20Aparajita%20Datta%202008.pdf#page=23 PDF]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The first mid-winter waterfowl census in Namdapha was conducted in 1994 when species such as the [[white-bellied heron]], a critically endangered bird was recorded for the first time.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (1996). Winter waterfowl count in Namdapha National Park. ''OBC Bulletin'' 23:29-30.</ref>


===Butterflies and moths===
The region is very rich in [[Lepidoptera]] species. Both [[butterflies]] and [[moths]] are found in equal abundance here, along with a variety of other insects. As per the observations taken during the [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222113233/http://bnhs.org/bnhs/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=144:national-camps&catid=84:camps&Itemid=505 National Camp] organised here in October 2014 by [[Bombay Natural History Society|BNHS]], a lot of rare species' of butterflies were seen. These include the [[Amathuxidia|koh-i-noor]], naga [[Lethe (genus)|treebrown]], [[red caliph]], [[Cruiser (butterfly)|cruiser]], [[rhinopalpa polynice|wizard]], [[Zeltus etolus|fluffy tit]], [[Apatura iris|East Himalayan purple emperor]].{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

==Ethnography==
There are a few settlements of [[Lisu people|Lisu]] tribal people within the park. Most of the Lisus are, however, located beyond the eastern border of the park towards the international border of India with Myanmar. There are also [[Chakma people|Chakma]], [[Tangsa]] and [[Singpho people|Singpho]] settlements around the park..

==See also==
* [[Tourism in North East India]]
* [[Wildlife of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://namdaphatigerreserve.org/ Official Website of Namdapha National Park]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100902030234/http://namdapha.in/ Website of Namdapha created by the Nature Conservation Foundation]

{{National Parks of India}}
{{North East India}}
{{Tiger Reserves Of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests]]
[[Category:Tiger reserves of India]]
[[Category:National parks in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Changlang]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1974]]
[[Category:Tourism in Northeast India]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Environment of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1983]]

Namdapha National Park - Revision history

imported>DiplomatTesterMan: /* External links */ cats from redirect