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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Namakkal}}
{{Other places|Namakkal (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Namakkal District
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| image_skyline = Scenery2.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Palm Tree indhupanai
| nicknam =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=275 |frame-height=275 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Namakkal district'''
|type=shape |id=Q15187
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu
|type2=line|id2=Q1445|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tamil Nadu
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|13|8.4|N|78|10|1.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Namakkal]]
| parts_type = [[Taluka|Taluks]]
| parts = [[Namakkal taluk|Namakkal]], [[Paramathi Velur taluk|Paramathi Velur]], [[Rasipuram taluk|Rasipuram]], [[Thiruchengode taluk|Thiruchengode]], [[Mohanur]], [[Kolli Hills]], [[Sendamangalam]], [[Kumarapalayam]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name1 = Shreya P. Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Saroj Kumar Thakur, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 3368.21
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,726,601
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
|demographics1_title1 =
Official
| time zone 1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 637xxx
| area_code = 04286
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]
| registration_plate = TN-28, TN-88, TN-34<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf|title=www.tn.gov.in|work=TN.gov.in|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest districts
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Trichy]], [[Erode]], [[Karur]]
| website = {{URL|http://namakkal.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 
| blank3_name_sec1 = Central location:
| blank3_info_sec1 = {{coord|11|13|N|78|10|E}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Namakkal District''' is one of the 38 districts (an [[districts of Tamil Nadu|administrative district]]) in the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The district was bifurcated from [[Salem District]] with [[Namakkal]] town as headquarters on 25 July 1996 and started to function independently from 1 January 1997. The district has seven taluks (subdivisions): [[Tiruchengode]], [[Namakkal]], [[Rasipuram]], [[Velur, Tamil Nadu|Paramathi Velur]], [[Sendamangalam]], [[Kumarapalayam]], [[Kolli Hills]] and [[Mohanur]]. It has two revenue divisions: [[Tiruchengode]] and [[Namakkal]]. As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males and [[Tiruchengode]] is the largest city in terms of population. Namakkal district is geographically affiliated to [[Kongu Nadu]] region. The district is famous for its large poultry industry, egg production and lorry bodybuilding industry, for which it is often referred to as "Egg City" and "Transport Hub of South India".

==History==
[[Valvil Ori]] was a chieftain and one of the seven patrons from [[Sangam period|Sangam age]] who ruled over Kolli Hills around 200 CE. After the struggle between the [[Chera Dynasty|Cheras]], [[Cholas]], and [[Pandyas]], the [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]] rose to power and had the control until the 14th century, followed by [[Vijayanagara Empire]] until 1565 CE. Then, the Allala Ilaya Nayakas Vettuvagounder king came to power in 1623 CE under the Vijayanagara Kingdom. He build the Paramathi Fort with sand and stones on a 40- to 50-acre land.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} Two of the Poligans of [[Tirumalai Nayak]], including Ramachandra Nayaka, ruled the Salem area. The Namakkal fort is reported to have been built by Ramchandra Nayaka after about 1635 CE.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

==Geography==
Namakkal district covers an area of 3,368.21 km2. The district is bounded by [[Salem district]] on the north; on the east by, [[Tiruchirapalli District]], by [[Karur District]] on the south and on the west by [[Erode district]].<ref name="SouthIndia">{{cite web|url=http://www.southindiaonline.com/tamilnadu/namakkal/generalinfo.htm|title=General Information of Namakkal District - Tamilnadu|work=SouthIndiaOnline.com|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref> The average annual rainfall is 716.54 mm. This district receives rainfall mainly from [[Monsoon|North East Monsoon]].

[[File:Kollimalai.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Panoramic View of Kolli Hills]]
Namakkal District comes under the North Western Agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu.[[Tiruchengode]] taluk alone is placed under Western Agro-climatic zone.<ref name="NamakkalDist">{{cite web|url=http://www.namakkal.tn.nic.in/nkl.htm|title=Namakkal District, Govt of Tamil Nadu|work=TN.nic.in|access-date=19 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928180302/http://www.namakkal.tn.nic.in/nkl.htm|archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> The forest cover has an area of 512.5 km2, which is 15.4% of the total area.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://namakkal.nic.in/document-category/statistical-report/|title=Statistical Handbook of Namakkal District 2016-17|website=namakkal.nic.in}}</ref> Temperature ranges between maximum of 40 °C and minimum of 18 °C.

Besides the above two zones, [[Kolli Hills]] (a part of the [[Eastern Ghats]] mountain range) and a few isolated hills and ridges are scattered over Namakkal, Rasipuram, and Tiruchengode and along with the valleys and rolling hills, make up the characteristic topography of the district.

The river [[Kaveri]] flows south and southwest hugging the district's borders with Karur and Erode. The other rivers flowing through the district are Aiyaru, Karaigottan Aaru and Thirumanimutharu.

=== Irrigation ===
The district is situated in the dividing portion of two watersheds between [[Kaveri River|Cauvery]] and the [[Vellar river|Vellar]] System with the Taluks of Attur, Rasipuram and Namakkal on the East and Salem, Omalur and Mettur on the West. Mettur East Bank canal irrigates Pallipalayam Block with an area of 4,585 [[Hectare|Ha]]. Rajavaikal canal irrigates an area of 4,215 Ha. Mohanur vaikal irrigates about 355 Ha. Kumarapalayam vaikal irrigates about {{cvt|1146|ha}} and Poiyeri vaikal irrigates about {{cvt|323|ha}}.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,70,628|13=1911|14=4,87,144|15=1921|16=5,25,770|17=1931|18=5,91,864|19=1941|20=7,05,110|21=1951|22=8,48,507|23=1961|24=8,66,530|25=1971|26=9,96,429|27=1981|28=11,72,736|29=1991|30=13,22,715|31=2001|32=14,93,462|33=2011|34=17,26,601|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}{{bar box
| title = Religions in Namakkal District<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Census of India - Relion |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref>
| titlebar = #FCD116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float = right
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|96.93}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|1.88}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christian]]|blue|0.98}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.21}}
| caption = Distribution of religions 
{{small|Source: 2011 Census.}}
}}According to 2011 census, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 150,699 were under the age of six, constituting 78,754 males and 71,945 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 20.% and 3.3% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 68.12%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The district had a total of 475,511 households. There were a total of 898,245 workers, comprising 152,497 cultivators, 228,614 main agricultural labourers, 35,156 in house hold industries, 422,885 other workers, 59,093 marginal workers, 5,976 marginal cultivators, 25,112 marginal agricultural labourers, 3,641 marginal workers in household industries and 24,364 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Namakkal district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=686727|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>

==Industry and economy==
=== Agriculture ===
The main occupation for most of the people in the district is agriculture, with a gross cropped area of around 336,700 Ha, out of which about 60,939 Ha are irrigated and about 80,598 Ha are rainfed. The cultivation generally depends on [[monsoon]] rains, wells, and tanks. Major soil in this district is red soil (77%). Nearly 90 percent of the cultivated area is under food crops. The principal cereal crops of this district are [[rice|paddy]], [[Sorghum|cholam]], [[Pearl millet|cumbu]] and [[Finger millet|ragi]]. [[Proso millet|Panivaragu]], [[Echinochloa|Kuthiraivali]], [[Paspalum scrobiculatum|Samai Varagu]] and [[Foxtail millet|Thinai]] are some of the [[millet]]s cultivated. Among [[pulses]], the major crops are [[redgram]], [[blackgram]], [[greengram]] and [[horsegram]]. Among oil, seeds, [[peanut|groundnut]], [[Castor oil plant|castor]], and gingelly ([[sesame]]) occupy important places. Of the commercial crops, [[sugarcane]], [[cotton]] and [[tapioca]] are some of the important. Using tapioca as raw material about 350 factory units are engaged in the production of Starch and Sago in Namakkal District. Around 800 jaggery manufacturing units were located around ParamathiVelur.

=== Lorry body-building ===
Namakkal district is noted for truck and lorry external body building industry which dates back to 1956. Nationwide Namakkal is known for body building for truck, trailer, tanker and rig unit. Throughout India, Tiruchengode is known for its body building industry for trucks, trailers, tankers, and rig units. Finished trucks and rig units are exported to foreign countries from Namakkal. Nearly 25,000 people are employed, both directly and indirectly, in truck body building activity and about 300 units in Namakkal and 100 units in Tiruchengode are engaged in this activity.<ref name="NamakkalDist" />

[[Ashok Leyland]]'s Driver Training Institute in Namakkal (right in the trucking heartland of Tamil Nadu) was the first of its kind and has served as a beacon to lead the way in the training of drivers. Easily accessible from Erode, Salem and Trichy, and spread over 25 acres, the campus includes a driving range with every conceivable road configuration. A spacious building accommodates large classrooms, a library, a model room, a laboratory and a cafeteria with an open-air theatre attached. The roads come with electronic signals, signs, markings and streetlights for night driving – everything, in fact, that drivers will encounter on the highways.

=== Poultry ===
Poultry plays an important role in the economy of Namakkal<ref name="TNEnvis">{{cite web|url=http://www.tnenvis.nic.in/DtProfiles/namakkal.pdf|title=Namakkal District Environment Profile, AIMS|work=TNEnvis.nic.in|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref> which has an astounding number of 29.3 million [[fowl]]s and 32.4 million eggs produced every day,<ref name=":0" /> accounting for a bulk of supply of poultry products to neighbouring industries. Namakkal produces about 65% of the total egg output of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tn.gov.in/deptst/animalhusbandry.pdf | title=Animal Husbandry | work=Statistical Hand Book 2018 | publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Economics and Statistics | access-date=12 July 2020 }}</ref> About 1,500 Poultry/Cattle Feed manufacturing units are also in existence. Mostly every poultry unit has put up their own feed manufacturing unit.

=== Others ===
Nearly 176 Sago factories are located in and around the Rasipuram Taluk.<ref name="TNEnvis" /> Bore-wells and textile are the main business in Tiruchengode. Nearly 37 spinning mills and more than 10,000 powerlooms are functioning in Tiruchengode. One sugar mill and one paper mill were functioning under Private Sector.

== Education ==
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal (a constituent unit of [[Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University]]) is located in Mohanur Taluk. It also has an Animal Feed Analysis and Quality Assurance Laboratory (AFAQAL). All the arts and science colleges in the district are affiliated to [[Periyar University]], Salem. A new government medical college had constructed and opened.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==Culture and tourism==

===[[Namakkal Fort|Namakkal Rock Fort]] and Hindu temples===
The town of Namakkal is built around a rock fort. The rock fort is on the summit of the rock, and the remnants in brick and stone still bear the brunt of the skirmishes to lay [[siege]] to the fort by the [[Cholas]] in the 9th century.<ref name="NamakkalDist" /> There are two rock–cut cave temples located on both sides of the hill dedicated to [[Narasimha]]swamy and [[Ranganatha]]swamy. The caves were constructed by Adhiyaman rulers who ruled over Kongu Region during the 7th century. The Temple has been declared as monuments under the preservation of Monuments and sites Act 1958 and being administered by the HR&CE department of Government. A temple dedicated to the Goddess Namagiri Amman is situated within the temple complex of the Narasimha Swamy kovil.<ref name="TNTourism" />

The famous [[Namakkal Anjaneyar Temple|Namakkal Digambara Anjaneyar Temple]], housing an 18-foot-tall [[Hanuman]] statue is located opposte to the Narasimhaswamy temple. It is believed that the Hanuman statue keeps growing and to stop the growth a priest put a magic needle at the top of the statue's head. Hanuman statue carved out of a single stone at this temple.<ref name="TNTourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/places/citiestowns/Namakkal.aspx?catid=C1&subcat1id=C1S1&subcat2id=C1S1S25&sm=C1S1S25|title=:::TTDC - Places:::|work=TamilNaduTourism.org|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref>

===Tiruchengode===
[[Tiruchengode]] is 35 km from Namakkal. It is one of the seven Sivasthalams in [[Kongu Nadu|Kongunadu]]. The [[Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode|Ardhanareeswarar temple]] is located on a hill. The presiding deity is depicted as half-male and half-female, vertically to represent [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]] worshipped as one form. It is considered one of the oldest temples in this region.

Tiruchegode is the olden Poondurainadu in Kongunadu. Tiruchengode olden name is Thirukodimadachengondurur.

===Kollimalai (Kolli Hills)===

[[File:Kolli Hills Waterfalls.JPG|thumb|right|Water falls in Kolli Hills]]
[[Kolli Hills]] are at an altitude of {{cvt|1200|m}} in the Namakkal District and are 45 km from Namakkal town. The Kolli hills are featured in several works of classical Tamil literature such as [[Silappatikaram|Silappathigaram]], [[Manimekalai]], [[Purananuru]] and [[Ainkurunuru|Ainkurnuru]]. The region was ruled by [[Valvil Ori]] whose valor and marksmanship are sung by several poets, and his exploits are a popular part of folklore.

There are three reserved forests that are controlled by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], namely Ariyur Solai, Kundur Nadu and [[Puliancholai]]. It is not correct to regard the name Kolli Hills (''Tamil:'' kolli noi- killer disease) as being due to the incidence of deadly diseases. It is because early literature records the existence of a deity called Kollippavai on top of these hills.

The hills are known for medicinal herbs and plants that grow in abundance on their slopes. The Arapaleswarar Temple, the Horticulture Farm, the herbal farm, [[Agaya Gangai]] waterfalls, boat house, Peryaswamy Temple, Ettukai Amman Temple, Pineapple farms, View Point, and the Telescope House are the places to visit for the interested tourist. Attukalkilangu soup and raw was sold in this hills.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} The '''[[Valvil Ori]] festival''' is organised there every year during the month of August.<ref name="TNTourism" />

The Arapaleeswarar temple is believed to have a secret path to the Shiva temple in [[Rasipuram]]. This Shiva temple is said to have been built by [[Valvil Ori]] king in the 1st or 2nd century CE when he ruled this area. "Arappaleeswara Sathakam" is the poem which praises the Lord Arappaleeswarar.

=== Jedarpalayam Dam ===
Jedarpalayam Dam is located in Kabilarmalai Panchayat Union of Namakkal District. It is located about 36 km from Namakkal. The dam is constructed across the River Cauvery and it is constructed by The king Allala ilaya nayagan, a Vettuvan king and also he make a vaaikal called Raja vaaikal. This dam is having a water storage area for boating.<ref name="TNTourism" />

==Transport==
Transport is the major field of work in Namakkal. A large number of bulk carriers and [[Truck|lorries]] run through all over India from Namakkal. Many lorry (truck) body building workshops are located in Namakkal.More than 5000 lorry workshops are present in this city. Egg production in this district is largely facilitated by the lorry transport. It is the main centre for linking other districts via bus routes, to the North (Salem, Villupuram, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri and Bangalore), East (Tiruchirapalli, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam), South (Karur, Dindugal, Madurai, Tiunelveli and Kanyakumari) and the West (Erode, Coimbatore, Tirupur and Nilgiris). The train route between Karur and Salem Junction saves fuel and time for transportation of goods. Government buses are maintained by TNSTC-Salem division. The national highway NH-44 which runs through the city.

==Notable people==
*[[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]], who hails from Mohanur, is the chairman of the [[Tata Group|Tata]] group. He was previously the CEO and managing director of [[Tata Consultancy Services]].
*[[Venkatarama Ramalingam Pillai]], the famous modern Tamil poet, a [[Gandhism|Gandhian]] independence fighter and a [[Padma Bhushan]] awardee, was also born in Mohanur.
*[[P. Subbarayan]] (11 September 1889 – 6 October 1962) was an Indian politician, freedom fighter and diplomat and was the [[Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]].
*General [[Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam]], DSO, MBE-6th Chief of Indian army (1913–2000)
* [[RK Narayan]] - Indian writer
* [[RK Laxman]] - Indian Cartoonist
* [[Palani G. Periasamy]] - Indian Industrialist

==See also==
*[[Elandakuttai]]
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Moolappalayam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://namakkal.nic.in/ Namakkal District website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090914092544/http://www.twadboard.gov.in/namakkal.html Namakkal District Water Supply Status (Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board)]

{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Namakkal district}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Namakal District}}
[[Category:Namakkal district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Namakkal district - Revision history

KraigYee56: fixed issues

150.129.101.74: robot: Import article using Special:Import