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{{Short description|Town in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{About|the [[municipality]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]|its eponymous district|Namakkal district}}
{{Other places}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Namakkal
| other_name = Namagiri
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = Namakkal Bus Stand.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Namakkal Bus stand and fort
| nickname = Egg City, Poultry Town, Transport Town
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = Bottom
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|11|13|N|78|10|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[:India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Cities of India|City]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = Namakkal
| subdivision_name4 = Namakkal
| established_title = Established
| founder =
| named_for = Namakkal Rock in the middle of the town
| population_demonym =
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body = Namakkal district
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| leader_title2 = [[Commissioner of Police, NMKL (Namakkal City)|Police Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 =
| blank2_name = {{nowrap|[[Official language]]}}
| blank2_info = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_rank = 78(2001), 93(2011) In state
| area_Urban_km2 = 300.57 km2
| area_Urban_sq_mi =
| area_Urban_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 218
| population_total = 55,145
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name=2011census/>
| population_density_km2 = 2316 per km2
| sub_towns = 10 Namakkal, [[Senthamangalam]], [[Periyapatti]], [[Mohanur]], [[Erumaipatti]], [[Kalappanaickenpatti]], [[Kosavampatti]], [[Kondichettipatti]], [[Chinnamudalaipatti]], [[Nallipalayam]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 6370-01, (02, 03 ... 6370-12)
| area_code = 91 - 04286
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TN-28(North), TN-88(South)
| website = {{URL|http://www.namakkal.tn.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], English
| official_name =
}}'''Namakkal''' ({{IPA-ta|nɑːməkkəl|lang}}) is a special grade municipality and the headquarters of [[Namakkal district]] in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the first ISO 14001-2004 certified municipality in Asia for environmental management, specifically the provision and maintenance of water supply, solid waste and sewage management, town planning, lighting and other social services.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Saravanan|first=S. p|date=2016-07-01|title=Namakkal municipality to implement Rs. 190.40 crore water scheme|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Namakkal-municipality-to-implement-Rs.-190.40-crore-water-scheme/article14464086.ece|access-date=2021-11-24|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Namakkal is known as the Egg City due to its large egg production and Transport city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/may/07/tamil-nadus-namakkal-mired-in-slump-due-to-year-round-water-shortage-1601989.html|title=Tamil Nadu's Namakkal mired in slump due to year-round water shortage|newspaper=New Indian Express|author=M Sabari|date=7 May 2017|access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref>

==History==
Namakkal is a historic town with references back to at least the 7th century. The name Namakkal derives from Namagiri, which is the name of the single rock formation at the center of the town. The rock is enormous - 65 meters high and more than a kilometre in circumference. Over this massive rock, is a fort, [[Namakkal Fort]]. [[Kongu nadu]] a small kingdom who ruled Namakkal during the 16th century. During Sangam age, Namakkal region formed a part of the historical Kongu Nadu region ruled by Cheras It is believed that Tippu Sultan hid himself in this fort for some time to escape the British. The fort was not built by Tippu Sultan but he occupied it for a brief period of time. Later the fort was captured by British. The front side of the hill is called Thiru. Vi. Ka. Paarai and today is used by taxis as their stand. {{citation needed|date=May 2019}}
Namakkal is a part of [[Kongu Nadu]] which was hotly contested and coveted by both the ancient [[Pallavas]] and the [[Pandyas]]. Namakkal was in the hands of Atiakula King called Gunasila who had an alliance with Pallava King through marriage. Later the taluk was overrun by the [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]] in the Mandalam. After the struggle between the [[Chera Dynasty|Cheras]], [[Cholas]] and [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandiyan]], [[Hoysala Empire|the Hoysalas]] rose to power and had control till the 14th century followed by the Vijayanagara Kings until 1565 AD. Then the Telugu [[Madurai Nayaks]] came to power in 1623 AD. Two of the polygons of Thirumalai Nayak, namely, Ramachandra Nayaka and Gatti Mudaliars, ruled the Salem area. The [[Namakkal Fort]] is reported to have been built by Ramachandra Nayakas. After about 1625 AD, the area successively came successively under the rule of [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Muslim Sultans of Bijapur]] and [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golkonda]], [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore kings]] and then the [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom|Marathas]].

Hyder Ali came to power in about the year 1750 AD. During this period, it was a history of power struggle between Hyder Ali and later Tippu, with the British. Namakkal was held by Killdhar (Caption) of Hyder Ali until it was captured by British in 1768. For a brief period during late 18th and early 19th century Namakkal was under [[Tiruchirappalli]] district of British Rule. Later, Namakkal was transferred back to [[Salem District]]. Then at 01-01-1997 finally announced as a separate district from [[Salem District]].

Two cave temples at Namakkal were called as [[Adiyendra Visnugrha]] (Ranganatha swamy Temple) and [[Adiyanavaya Visnugrha]] ([[Narasimhaswamy Temple, Namakkal|Narasimha swamy Temple]]). These [[Rock cut shrines]] were built by King Gunaseela of Adhiyaman clan descendant. Because of his marriage relations with the Pallavas, the temples were built of [[Pallava Architectural style]] during the 7th century. Generally, Namakkal is considered a Vaishnava kshetram, and there is no Shiva temple in the town until a few years ago.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

[[Mahatma Gandhi]] held a public meeting in 1933 in Namakkal under the slope of the Namakkal rock.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|88.98}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|9.29}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.48}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.0}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.01}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.23}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.01}}}}

According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Namakkal had a population of 55,145 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 5,002 were under the age of six, constituting 2,609 males and 2,393 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 13.7% and .5% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 82.52%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard" /> The town had a total of 15008 households. There were a total of 21,572 workers, comprising 133 cultivators, 264 main agricultural labourers, 562 in house hold industries, 19,646 other workers, 967 marginal workers, 22 marginal cultivators, 24 marginal agricultural labourers, 151 marginal workers in household industries and 770 other marginal workers.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Namakkal|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=680783|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144136/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=680783|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Namakkal had 88.98% [[Hindus]], 9.29% [[Muslims]], 1.48% [[Christians]], 0.01% [[Sikhs]], 0.0% [[Buddhists]], 0.01% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.23% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name="religion2011">{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
===Namakkal Anjaneyar temple===
[[File:Anjaneyar Temple, Namakkal.jpg|thumb|[[Namakkal Anjaneyar Temple]]]][[Namakkal Anjaneyar Temple|Namakkal Anjaneyar temple]] is located in Namakkal, and is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Hanuman]]. It is constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]]. The image of Anjaneyar is {{convert|18|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall, making it one of the tallest images of Hanuman in ancient temples of India. The image of Anjaneyar is carved out of a single stone and is existing from the 5th century. There is no roof over the sanctum and Anjaneyar has a unique iconography sporting a sword in his waist and holding a garland made of saligrama.<ref>{{cite book|title=Monkeys, Motorcycles, and Misadventures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaTrCgAAQBAJ&q=namakkal+temple&pg=PT65|page=65|publisher=Leadstart Publishing PvtLtd|year=2015|isbn=9789352013777}}</ref> The temple is considered one of the prominent temples in the Tamil Nadu state and the country.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hindu Gods and Goddesses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhrnkdByWDIC&q=namakkal+temple&pg=PA49|last=Bansal|first=Sunita Pant|year=2005|publisher=Smriti Books|isbn=9788187967729}}</ref> The Agamam is followed by "Sri Vaikhanasam".

===Namagiri Lakshmi Narasimar swami temple===
[[File:Namakkal Fort.jpg|thumb|200px|Namakkal Fort]]
[[Narasimhaswamy Temple, Namakkal|Namagiri Lakshmi Narasimhaswami Temple]] of Lord Vishnu has the form of [[Narasimha|Sri Narasimha Swami]]. The temple is believed to be built during the 8th century by the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya kings]] in Rock-cut architecture. The temple does not find a mention in [[Naalayira Divya Prabhandham|Naalayira Divya Prabhandams]], and thus is not listed in Divya desam series of 108 temples.

Annual car festival for the Lord Narasimmaswamy temple is celebrated in March and April every year (Tamil Month "Panguni") as per "Sri Vaikhanasa Ahamam".

===Namakkal Fort===
[[Namakkal Fort]] is a historic fort present in Namakkal in [[Namakkal district]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The rock fort is on the summit of the rock, and the remnants in brick and stone still bear the brunt of the skirmishes to lay [[siege]] to the fort by the [[Cholas]] in the 9th century.<ref name="NamakkalDist">{{cite web|url=http://www.namakkal.tn.nic.in/nkl.htm|title=Namakkal District, Govt of Tamil Nadu|work=TN.nic.in|access-date=19 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928180302/http://www.namakkal.tn.nic.in/nkl.htm|archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> The fort was reinforced during the reign of [[kongu Vellalars]] in the 17th century.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|title= Tamil Nadu Government Portal
|url= http://www.tn.gov.in/district_details/584|publisher=Namakkal District Administration|date=2016-05-09}}</ref> The fort is located on the top of a hillock made of a single rock, {{convert|75|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall. There is a temple and a mosque that are located within the fort, both of which are tourist attractions of the town. In modern times, the fort is under the control of the Archaeological Department of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

The Ranganathaswamy temple is another rock-cut temple alongside the fort. [[Ranganatha]]swamy cave temple is believed to have been built by the Pallavas.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/places/CitiesTowns/Namakkal.aspx |title = :::TTDC - Places}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.namakkalanjaneyartemple.tnhrce.in |title = Domain Default page}}</ref>

==Transport==
===Road===
Buses ply to cities in Tamil Nadu like [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Erode]], [[Trichy]], [[Karur]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Chennai]], [[Madurai]] and [[Dindigul]]. Namakkal is connected to the rest of India through [[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44]]<ref name="reljoinshnds">{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/reliance-energy-nhai-join-hands-to-pave-way-for-highway-development/115199/0|title=Reliance Energy, NHAI join hands to pave way for highway development|date=2006-01-31|publisher=The Financial Express|access-date=14 April 2012|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Buses from Trichy or Madurai will pass through Namakkal to reach Salem or Bangalore.

===Railway===
A new broad-gauge railway line from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] to [[Karur]] via Namakkal started its service on 25 May 2013.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/new-passenger-train-chugs-into-grand-reception-at-karur-junction/article4752719.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=L. | last=Renganathan | title=New passenger train chugs into grand reception at Karur junction | date=26 May 2013}}</ref> There are trains daily from/to Salem, Karur, [[Chennai Central railway station|Chennai Central]], Bangalore, Dindigul, [[Palani railway station|Palani]], Madurai, [[Tirunelveli Junction railway station|Tirunelveli]], [[Nagercoil Junction railway station|Nagercoil]], [[Pollachi Junction railway station|Pollachi]] and [[Palakkad Junction railway station|Palakkad]].

[[Salem Junction railway station|Salem Jn]] to [[Karur Junction railway station|Karur Jn]]

*[[Rasipuram railway station]]
*[[Puduchatram railway station]]
*[[Kalangani railway station]]
*[[Namakkal railway station]]
*[[Laddivadi railway station]]
*[[Mohanur railway station]]

[[Salem Junction railway station|Salem Jn]] to [[Erode Junction railway station|Erode Jn]]

*[[Anangur railway station]]
*[[Cauvery railway station]]

===Airports===
The nearest airports are [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]] (52 km), [[Coimbatore International Airport]] (153 km), and [[Trichy International airport]] (85 km). Salem Airport started from 15 November 2009.

==Geography==
Namakkal is located at {{Coord|11.23|N|78.17|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|218|m|feet|0|disp=or}}. It is close to [[Kolli Hills]] – which are part of the [[Eastern Ghats]]. The closest significant river is the [[Kaveri]] and it is located {{convert|360|km|mi|0|disp=or}} southwest of [[Chennai]] and {{convert|250|km|mi|0|disp=or}} south of [[Bangalore]].Namakkal's Twin Town [[Karur]] is located {{convert|34|km|mi|0|disp=or}} South across the Kaveri.

Tourism in the district of Namakkal is based on the temples namely Namakkal anjaneyar temple<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namakkal Anjaneyar Temple {{!}} Namakkal District, Government of Tamilnadu {{!}} Land of Poultry, Transport {{!}} India|url=https://namakkal.nic.in/tourist-place/namakkalanjaneyartemple/|access-date=2021-11-24|language=en-US}}</ref> and Namagiri amman temple<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namagiri Amman Temple {{!}} Namakkal District, Government of Tamilnadu {{!}} Land of Poultry, Transport {{!}} India|url=https://namakkal.nic.in/tourist-place/namagiri-amman-temple/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> of the area. The Kolli Hills, an outlier of the Eastern Ghats, constitute a prominent mountain range {{convert|45|km|mi|0}} away from Namakkal. It is eighteen miles or twenty eight kilometers long (from north to south), twelve miles or nineteen kilometers wide (from east to west) and the Koll block is spread over an area of 441.4 square kilometers. When viewed from the plains of the Namakkal district, the mountain looks like a flat-topped mass. The mountain has been inhabited from prehistoric times. It is much celebrated in the Tamil Literature of the Sangam Age and at least eleven poets describe about it in their poems. A Shiva Temple, known as the Arappalleeswarar Temple, dates back to twelfth century and is located at Periakoviloor near the waterfalls called Akasa Gangai. An ancient and powerful deity called Kolli Paavai of Ettukkai Amman is also at the Kolli Hills. It attracts large pilgrims and was originally a [[Jainism|Jain]] retreat.
===Climate===
Namakkal has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Aw'') with a wet season from May to October, a relatively mild “cool” season from November to February, and a sweltering “hot” season in March and April.
{{Weather box
|location = NMKL (Namakkal City)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 32.8
|Feb record high C = 35.9
|Mar record high C = 37.3
|Apr record high C = 39.2
|May record high C = 48.9
|Jun record high C = 48.1
|Jul record high C = 38.3
|Aug record high C = 36.3
|Sep record high C = 30.3
|Oct record high C = 28.4
|Nov record high C = 27.7
|Dec record high C = 27.1
|Jan high C = 27.9
|Feb high C = 30.7
|Mar high C = 33.1
|Apr high C = 34.0
|May high C = 33.3
|Jun high C = 29.6
|Jul high C = 28.3
|Aug high C = 27.8
|Sep high C = 28.6
|Oct high C = 28.2
|Nov high C = 27.2
|Dec high C = 26.5
|year high C = 29.6
|Jan low C = 15.8
|Feb low C = 17.5
|Mar low C = 20.0
|Apr low C = 22.0
|May low C = 21.7
|Jun low C = 20.4
|Jul low C = 19.9
|Aug low C = 19.8
|Sep low C = 19.8
|Oct low C = 19.6
|Nov low C = 18.0
|Dec low C = 16.2
|year low C = 19.2
|Jan record low C = 7.8
|Feb record low C = 9.4
|Mar record low C = 11.1
|Apr record low C = 14.4
|May record low C = 16.7
|Jun record low C = 16.7
|Jul record low C = 16.1
|Aug record low C = 14.4
|Sep record low C = 15.0
|Oct record low C = 13.2
|Nov record low C = 9.6
|Dec record low C = 8.9
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 1.9
|Feb rain mm = 5.4
|Mar rain mm = 18.5
|Apr rain mm = 41.5
|May rain mm = 107.4
|Jun rain mm = 106.5
|Jul rain mm = 112.9
|Aug rain mm = 147.0
|Sep rain mm = 212.8
|Oct rain mm = 168.3
|Nov rain mm = 48.9
|Dec rain mm = 15.7
|Jan rain days = 0.2
|Feb rain days = 0.4
|Mar rain days = 1.1
|Apr rain days = 3.1
|May rain days = 6.7
|Jun rain days = 6.2
|Jul rain days = 7.2
|Aug rain days = 9.9
|Sep rain days = 9.8
|Oct rain days = 8.3
|Nov rain days = 3.8
|Dec rain days = 1.4
|Jan sun = 262.3
|Feb sun = 247.6
|Mar sun = 271.4
|Apr sun = 257.0
|May sun = 241.1
|Jun sun = 136.8
|Jul sun = 111.8
|Aug sun = 114.3
|Sep sun = 143.6
|Oct sun = 173.1
|Nov sun = 190.2
|Dec sun = 211.7
|Jan humidity = 60
|Feb humidity = 52
|Mar humidity = 30
|Apr humidity = 43
|May humidity = 60
|Jun humidity = 72
|Jul humidity = 76
|Aug humidity = 79
|Sep humidity = 76
|Oct humidity = 73
|Nov humidity = 70
|Dec humidity = 68
|source 1 = Indian Meteorological Department<ref name= IMD>{{cite web
| title = Namakkal Climatological Table 1981–2010
| publisher = Indian Meteorological Department
| archive-date = 1 October 2016
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title=Extremes of India
|publisher=Indian Meteorological Department
|archive-date=21 May 2013
}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (humidity and sun: 1971–1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| title = Namakkal Climate Normals 1971–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
}}</ref>

|date = August 2010

}}

==Platinum==
Platinum deposit found in Sithampoondi village near Namakkal. Total deposit 0.7 ton.

==Politics==
Namakkal assembly constituency is part of [[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. A.K.P.Chinraj serves as M.P. for Namakkal Constituency.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampdetail.php?mpcode=4540
| title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
| access-date = 9 October 2008
| work = Tamil Nadu
| publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>
P.Ramalingam serves as M.L.A. for Namakkal.

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:City street scene in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu.jpg|City street scene in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu
File:Rekla Racer in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu.jpg|Rekla Racer in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu
File:Man Riding an Elephant in a Pongal Festival Parade in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu.jpg|Man Riding an Elephant in a Pongal Festival Parade in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu
File:Namakkal Fort 1.jpg
File:Namakkal Fort 2.jpg
File:Namakkal Fort 3.jpg
File:Namakkal fort 3 inscriptions.JPG
File:Namakkal Fort (6).jpg
File:Hill fort architecture.JPG
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Kalangani]]
*[[Sendamangalam]]
*[[Vettambadi]]
*[[Jedarpalayam]]
*[[Kolli Hills]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Namakkal| ]]
[[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001]]
[[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Namakkal district]]

Namakkal - Revision history

MavisHelena6948: content update

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