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{{short description|Indian businessman, industrialist, economist and public leader (1882-1953)}}
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[[File:Nalini Ranjan Sarkar Avenue, IIT KGP, 20 May 2017.jpg|thumb|Nalini Ranjan Sarkar Avenue named after him at IIT Kharagpur]]
'''Nalini Ranjan Sarkar''' ({{Lang-bn|নলিনী রঞ্জন সরকার}}) (1882–25 January 1953) was an Indian businessman, industrialist, economist, and public leader. He was greatly involved in the political and economic regeneration of [[Bengal]]. Sarkar was Finance Minister of West Bengal in 1948. The Sarkar Committee Report was instrumental in the subsequent establishment of the four [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] (IITs) by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dreaming up the IITs |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-life/dreaming-up-the-iits/article1115311.ece?ref=archive |work=Business Line |date=19 December 2008 |accessdate=4 June 2013}}</ref>

==Early life, education and joining politics==
Nalini Ranjan Sarkar was born in a middle class [[Kayastha]] family from Kendua of greater [[Mymensingh]] district (now [[Netrokona District]], [[Bangladesh]]), British India. After passing the Entrance Examination from the Pogose School, [[Dhaka]] in 1902, he joined the [[Jagannath College]] in Dhaka. Subsequently, he joined the [[City College, Calcutta]], of the [[University of Calcutta]] but could not continue his studies for financial reasons. He came to Kolkata penniless. He plunged into nationalist movement which swept over the country in the wake of Partition of Bengal in 1905. He enlisted himself as a Congress volunteer, lived in a dingy mess room huddled together with his friends. Often he had to pass days without food; for morning tea and snacks he would go to houses of his friends and patrons. Courage and fortitude sustained him. He soon came to the notice of [[Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Dash]] who arranged for him a petty job in Hindustan Cooperative Insurance of which poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]] was the Founder Chairman and Surendranath Tagore the chief executive.<ref>My Years with Dr BC Roy by Saroj Chakrabarty (page 123)</ref>

==Career==
Sarker had close contacts with [[Surendranath Banerjee]], [[Tej Bahadur Sapru]], [[Motilal Nehru]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Chittaranjan Das]], all of whom developed his ideas of nationalism and [[economic freedom]]. He joined the movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905. In later years, influenced by Gandhi's ideas of non-violence, he participated in the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] in 1920.

In the early 1920s, when [[C. R. Das]] and [[Motilal Nehru]] founded the [[Swarajya Party]], he joined it and soon became one of its leaders. He was, at the same time, involved with the [[Bengal Provincial Congress Committee]]. He was also a member of the [[Bengal Legislative Council]] from 1923 to 1930 and again from 1937 to 1946 as well as Chief Whip of the parliamentary Swarajya Party in Bengal. In the Calcutta session of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1928, he acted as the Secretary of the Exhibition organised for the occasion. Following the death of CR Das, along with Dr. [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]], [[Nirmal Chandra Chunder]], [[Sarat Chandra Bose]] and [[Tulsi Chandra Goswami]], he was one of the key figures of the Congress movement in Bengal and constituted what was known as the "Big Five" of the Bengal Congress. He was elected a Councillor of the [[Calcutta Municipal Corporation]] in 1932 and became its Mayor in 1935.<ref>{{cite book|author=S.N. Das|title=The Bengalis: the people, their history, and culture. Bengali renaissance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XtLDrGe0YmwC&q=big+five+of+bengal+congress&pg=PA118|accessdate=10 January 2012|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=9788177553925}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Calcutta Mayor's advice to our City Fathers |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zqo-AAAAIBAJ&pg=6535,4403417&dq=nalini+ranjan+sarkar&hl=en|publisher=The Indian Express |date=27 August 1934 |accessdate=4 June 2013}}</ref> His cousin Dr. Dhirendra Nath Sarker was also involved in his activities.

==From 1935 to 1953==
In 1936, he organised the [[Krishak Praja Party]] with [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]], and in 1937, joined the first Huq ministry as the Finance Minister. In 1938, he resigned, but later joined the reconstituted ministry. In 1939, he resigned again, expressing his disappointment with the change in the outlook of the cabinet. He joined the [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy]]'s Executive Council (1941–42) first as Member in charge of Education, Health and Lands and then as the person in charge of Commerce, Industry and Food. In 1943, he resigned protesting the detention of Gandhi. He was [http://www.wbpcc.org/congministry.htm Finance Minister of West Bengal in 1948] and retired from politics in 1952 after officiating as [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] for a few months in 1949. Post the independence of India, Sarkar chaired a 3-man expert committee to draft the financial sections of the Indian constitution.

==Non-political life==
In 1911, he entered the [[Hindusthan Cooperative Insurance Society]] and from a humble position rose to the high position of its general manager and ultimately became its president, a position he held till his death. At his instance, Hindustan Cooperative Insurance Society invested large amount in acquiring vast area of land in South-West of Kolkata for the purpose of setting up a modern satellite township for residential purpose. This area is today known as [[New Alipore]].<ref>My Years with Dr BC Roy by Saroj Chakrabarty (page 124)</ref>

He was also the President of both the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry]] (FICCI) in 1933 & the [[Bengal National Chamber of Commerce & Industry]] and member of Consultation Committee for revision of Company Law, Central Banking Enquiry Committee, Board of Income Tax Referees, Railway Retrenchment Committee, Separation Council and Board of Economic Enquiry, Research Utilisation Committee and Central Jute Committee. He was a delegate to the Indo-Japanese Trade Conference in 1923. He was also a Commissioner of the [[Calcutta port]] and a trustee of the [[Chittaranjan Seva Sadan]].

He also acted as the vice-president of National Council of Education, Bengal, and contributed to the spread of education in India. He was made a Fellow of the [[Calcutta University Senate]] in 1934, a Member of the Court of the [[University of Dacca]] in 1940–41 and the President of [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]] Governing Body in 1942. He was the Pro-Chancellor of [[Delhi University]] during the period 1941–42 as well as [[Banaras Hindu University]]. He also served as the Chairman of the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] during 1946 – 1952.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Biswas |first1=Arabinda |last2=Agrawal |first2=S. P. |year=1986 |title=Development of Education in India: A Historical Survey of Educational |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKsVPua_E6sC&pg=PA320 |publisher=Concept Publishing |pages=319–321 |isbn=978-81-7022-066-4}}</ref> It was the Nalini Ranjan Sarkar committee that recommended the set up of [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur|IIT's]], along the lines of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT)<ref>[http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/institute/history.php History] Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.</ref>

He died on 25 January 1953 of a heart attack at his home in Kolkata (then Calcutta), at the age of 70<ref>{{cite news |title= Nalini R. Sarker, 70, Economist in India|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1953/01/26/archives/nalini-r-sarkar-70-economist-in-india.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 January 1953 |accessdate=4 June 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarkar, Nalini Ranjan}}
[[Category:Bengali politicians]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:City College, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:West Bengal politicians]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Mayors of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in insurance]]

Nalini Ranjan Sarkar - Revision history

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