imported>Serols: Reverted edits by 2409:4064:2D1A:2233:0:0:900B:E910 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)

2021-08-26T15:25:42Z

Reverted edits by 2409:4064:2D1A:2233:0:0:900B:E910 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nalanda district
| image_skyline = Nalanda Univercity.JPG
| image_caption = Ruins of [[Nalanda]] Mahavihara
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Bihar|District]] of [[Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Bihar district location map Nalanda.svg
| map_caption = Location of Nalanda district in Bihar
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Bihar Sharif
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patna division|Patna]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 9 November 1972
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bihar Sharif]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 2367
| area_urban_km2 = 112.91
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2,877,653
| population_urban =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 66.41 (M=77.11; F=54.76)
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 921 (2011)
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 20 (India)|NH 20]], [[National Highway 33 (India)|NH 33]], [[National Highway 120 (India)|NH 120]], [[National Highway 431 (India)|NH 431]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = [http://nalanda.bih.nic.in/ Bihar Sharif - Nalanda]
}}
[[File:ADMINISTRATIVE MAP NALANDA.jpg|thumb|Administrative map of Nalanda district]]
'''Nalanda district''' is one of the thirty-eight [[Districts of Bihar|districts]] of the state of [[Bihar]] in India. [[Bihar Sharif]] is the administrative headquarters of this district. The districts contain the ancient [[Nalanda]] Mahavihara a [[UNESCO World Heritage]] site. Nalanda is located in the Magadh region of Bihar(south Bihar).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaudhary |first1=Pranava Kumar |title=UNESCO declares Nalanda Mahavihara World Heritage Site |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/UNESCO-declares-Nalanda-Mahavihara-World-Heritage-Site/articleshow/53229398.cms |access-date=3 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=15 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Nalanda became a fully-fledged district when it was split from [[Patna district|Patna]] on 9 November 1972.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sub-Divisions {{!}} District Nalanda, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://nalanda.nic.in/en/sub-divisions/ |website=nalanda.nic.in |access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref><ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India |website=statoids.com |access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
Nalanda district occupies an area of {{convert|2355|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Canada]]'s [[Cornwall Island (Nunavut)|Cornwall Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 11 October 2011 | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Cornwall Island 2,358km2}}</ref> The Phalgu, Mohane, Jirayan, and Kumbhari rivers flow through it. The district is a part of [[Patna Division]]. Majority of the land in the district is fertile land of Indo Gangetic plane. In the extreme South, there lies the hills of Rajgir. There is also one small hillock in the district headquarters of Bihar Sharif.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=5,95,009|13=1911|14=5,89,310|15=1921|16=5,77,663|17=1931|18=6,76,424|19=1941|20=7,85,619|21=1951|22=9,26,189|23=1961|24=10,86,972|25=1971|26=13,04,832|27=1981|28=16,39,922|29=1991|30=19,96,257|31=2001|32=23,70,528|33=2011|34=28,77,653|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=left}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Nalanda District
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|darkorange|92.78}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|6.88}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.22}}
{{bar percent|Christian|blue|0.07}}
{{bar percent|Jain|brown|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Sikh|olive|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Buddhist|yellow|0.01}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Nalanda district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,877,653,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Jamaica]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Jamaica 2,868,380 July 2011 est
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Kansas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Kansas 2,853,118
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 98th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1220 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.18%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Nalanda has a [[sex ratio]] of 921 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 66.41%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.12% and 0.05% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Nalanda district (2011)
|label1 = [[Magahi language|Magahi]] |value1= 56.27 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 37.28 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 5.69 |color3 = green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.76 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 56.27% of the population in the district spoke [[Magahi language|Magahi]], 37.28% [[Hindi]] and 5.69% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Bihar |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref>

==Economy==
Agriculture is the backbone of the economy, with the majority of the population engaged in agriculture. Rice, wheat, maize, pulses, potato, fruits, and vegetables are the main crops. A newly setup [[Ordnance Factory]], one of the 41 [[Indian Ordnance Factories]] has been set up by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], [[Government of India]] to manufacture artillery shells at Nalanda by the then Defence Minister Shri George Fernandes. Then there is the railway coach maintenance plant at Harnaut Block of Nalanda.

Tourism is well developed, with lakhs of people flocking at ruins of Nalanda University, [[Rajgir]] and [[Pawapuri]]. Rajgir was the first capital of Magadh Empire. Buddha had spent years at this place. Surrounded by five hills, it has got scenic views. Pawapuri, the [[Moksha (Jainism)|Nirwana]] place of [[Mahavir]], is holy place for the Jains.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130511083119/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-01-16/india/27829660_1_ordnance-factory-denel-nitish-kumar ]</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=OFB Nalanda to develop indigenous artillery shells |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/OFB-Nalanda-to-develop-indigenous-artillery-shells/article20424719.ece |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=@businessline |date=November 17, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Nalanda one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme]] (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

==Politics==
Since [[Kurmi]]s are dominant in Nalanda, it is also known by the name ''Kurmistan'' in political circle.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/caste-dominates-in-bihar-s-third-round-polling-115102700770_1.html|title=Caste dominates in Bihar's third round polling|last=IANS|date=27 October 2015|work=Business Standard India|access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>

==Divisions==
'''Sub Divisions''': 3 - Modern District of Nalanda with HQ Biharsharif was established on 9 November 1972. Earlier it was Biharsharif sub-division of Patna district. [[Bihar Sharif]], [[Rajgir]], [[Hilsa, Bihar|Hilsa]]<br>'''Blocks''': 20 - [[Giriyak]], [[Rahui]], Ajaypur [[Noorsarai]], [[Harnaut]], [[Chandi (Nalanda)]], [[Islampur (Nalanda)]], [[Rajgir]], [[Asthawan]], [[Sarmera]], [[Hilsa, Bihar|Hilsa]], [[Biharsharif]], [[Ekangarsarai]], Bena, Nagarnausa, Karai Parsarai, [[Silao Nalanda|Silao]], [[Parwalpur]], Katrisarai, Bind, Tharthari.

==Flora and fauna==
In 1978 Nalanda district became home to the [[Pant Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Rajgir]] which has an area of {{convert|35.84|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Bihar|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|access-date=25 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|archive-date=23 August 2011}}</ref>

==Status==
Nalanda district is fast developing and the ruins of the ancient Nalanda University or UNESCO Nalanda Archaeological Site attracts tourists from all over the world driving the local economy.

== Notable people==

* [[Kalim Ajiz]], a Padma Shri recipient and Urdu writer
* [[Satyadev Narayan Arya]], politician and Governor of Haryana
* [[Abdul Qavi Desnavi]], Urdu language writer, critic, Bibliographer, and linguist.
* [[Nawal Kishore Dhawal]], a writer, poet, editor, and critic
* [[Ganesh Dutt]], administrator and educationalist
* [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]], a writer and Islamic scholar
* [[Jabir Husain]], politician
* [[Abhay Kumar]], a poet-diplomat
* [[Aditya Kumar]], actor
* [[Kaushalendra Kumar]], MP of Nalanda
* [[Nitish Kumar]], Chief Minister of Bihar and former MP from Nalanda
* [[Vikas Kumar]], actor
* [[Sulaiman Nadvi]], islamic scholar, writer and Pakistani historian
* [[Mrityunjay Prabhakar]], theatre director and dramatist
* [[L. S. N. Prasad]], Indian pediatrician and Padma Shri recipient
* [[Siddheshwar Prasad]], former MP and served as Governor of Tripura
* [[Pramod Ranjan]], journalist
* [[Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad]], Freedom fighter, 20th century great ulema and founder of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
* [[Syed Mohammed Saeed Raza]], a Muslim scholar and professor
* [[Brahmadeo Narayan Singh]], singer
* [[Ramchandra Prasad Singh]], Member of Rajya Sabha and former IAS officer
* [[Veer Pratap Singh]], Cricketer
* [[Tarkeshwari Sinha]], politician
* [[Hari Uppal]], founder of [[Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir]] and a Padma Shri recipient
* [[Vijay Kumar Yadav]], Ex- MP from Nalanda

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://nalanda.nic.in/en/ Official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Nalanda district
|North = [[Patna district]]
|Northeast = [[Lakhisarai district]]
|East = [[Sheikhpura district]]
|Southeast = [[Nawada district]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Gaya district]]
|West = [[Jehanabad district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Nalanda district}}
{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Patna Division}}
{{Patna Division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25|12|00|N|85|31|12|E|region:IN-BR_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Nalanda district| ]]
[[Category:Patna division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]

Nalanda district - Revision history

imported>Serols: Reverted edits by 2409:4064:2D1A:2233:0:0:900B:E910 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)