https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Nakk%C4%ABra%E1%B9%89%C3%A3rNakkīraṉãr - Revision history2026-08-19T13:09:48ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nakk%C4%ABra%E1%B9%89%C3%A3r&diff=146827&oldid=previmported>Bhagya sri113: /* See also */ Adding link to Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition2021-07-19T12:07:13Z<p><span class="autocomment">See also: </span> Adding link to Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{for|the Tamil poet of the Sangam period|Nakkirar I}}<br />
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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br />
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'''Nakkīraṉãr''', sometimes spelled '''Nakkirar''' or '''Nakkiranar''', was a post-[[Sangam literature|Sangam era]] Tamil poet.<ref name="Shulman2016p28">{{cite book|author=David Shulman|title=Tamil: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_KkzDQAAQBAJ|year=2016 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-05992-4|pages=28, 61–62}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=A. Kiruṭṭin̲an̲|title=Tamil Culture: Religion, Culture, and Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCZuAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=978-81-86050-52-1|page=58}}</ref> He is credited with the devotional poem to the Hindu god [[Murugan]] in the ''[[Pattuppāṭṭu]]'' anthology, titled ''[[Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai]]''.<ref name="Shulman2016p28" />{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=29, 63, 125–126}} In the historic Tamil tradition, he is believed to have also authored a second poem in the Sangam collection titled ''[[Neṭunalvāṭai]]'', as well as a detailed commentary on ''[[Iraiyanar Akapporul]]'' (''lit.'' Grammar of Stolen Love). However, according to the Tamil literature scholar [[Kamil Zvelebil]], the ''Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai'' and the ''Neṭunalvāṭai'' were likely authored by two different Nakkirar, and Nakkīraṉãr and the older Nakkīrar were different individual.<ref name="Shulman2016p28" />{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=29, 63, 125–126}} It is uncertain as to which century Nakkiranar lived, much like the chronology of the Sangam literature. Scholars variously place his works between 3rd and 8th century CE, with Zvelebil suggesting late classical.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=119–126}}<ref name="Buck1997">{{cite book|author1=Nakkīra̱nār|author2=David C. Buck (Translator)|author3=K. Paramasivam (Translator)|title=The study of stolen love |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B48OAAAAYAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Scholars Press|isbn=978-0-7885-0332-0|pages=xi–xv}}</ref><br />
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Nakkīraṉãr's poem ''Tirumurukarruppatai'' is the most ancient known ''bhakti'' genre poem of 312 akaval verses on Murugan (also known as Subrahmanya, Kumara, Skanda, Kartikeya in other parts of India). The ''Tirumurukarruppatai'' is held in "very high esteem" in the Murugan tradition as well as the Murugan's father Shiva tradition.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=125–128}} It is of interest to history, architecture and religious studies because it describes different temples of Murugan in ancient Tamil Nadu, devotional practices, and the theological legends. The author paints in words the scenes of nature near these temples, towns, and the culture of ancient South Indian Hinduism.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=125–128}}<br />
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He is one of the prominent characters in the ''[[Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam]]''. The Thiruvilaiyadal episodes of the confrontation of Sundareswarar ([[Shiva]]) with Nakkeerar are enacted as a part of the [[Meenakshi Amman Temple]] festival traditions of [[Madurai]].{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Avvaiyar]]<br />
* [[Tiruvalluva Maalai]]<br />
* [[Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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=== Bibliography ===<br />
{{ref begin}}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Edward Jewitt Robinson |title=Tamil Wisdom: Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages and Selections from Their Writings |year=2001 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location = New Delhi}}<br />
* {{cite book | title=The Tamil Plutarch, containing a summary account of the lives of poets and poetesses of Southern India and Ceylon | last=Chitty| first=Simon Casie| year=1859| publisher=Ripley & Strong| location=Jaffna|ref=The Tamil Plutarch}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Kamil Zvelebil|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-03591-5}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|author-link=Kamil Zvelebil|year=1992|pages=73|publisher=BRILL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC&pg=PA73|isbn=90-04-09365-6}}<br />
{{ref end}}<br />
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{{Tamil language}}<br />
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[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]<br />
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil epic poets]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil philosophy]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil poets]]<br />
[[Category:Scholars from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Medieval Tamil poets]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language writers]]</div>imported>Bhagya sri113