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{{Short description|Queen of Chaulukyas}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Naiki Devi
| image =
| caption =
| succession =
| successor =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajaypala]]
| issue = [[Mularaja II]]
| father = [[Paramardi]]
| mother = Malhana Pratihara
| dynasty = [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti|Chandel]] (By birth)
[[Chaulukya]] (By marriage)
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
'''Queen Naiki Devi''' ([[IAST]]:'' Nāikī Devī '') was the regent queen of [[Chaulukya dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kulke|first1=Hermann|author-link1=Hermann Kulke|last2=Rothermund|first2=Dietmar |author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C|title=A History of India|date=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4|language=en|page=117|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after sacking of Kannauj in early tenth many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms,some of which grew to importance in next two centuries. The better known among these dynasties were Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar. The Chahamanas or Chauhans of eastern Rajasthan and Jodhpur"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=David Ludden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pBq9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79|title=India and South Asia: A Short History|date=2013|publisher=Simon and Schuster|pages=88–89|quote=By contrast in Rajasthan a single warrior group evolved called Rajput (Rajaputra-son of kings), they rarely engaged in farming, even to supervise from labour as farming was literally benath them, farming was for their peasent subjects. In ninth century separate clans of Rajputs Cahamanas (Chauhans), Paramaras (Pawars), Guhilas (Sisodias) and Caulukyas were spitting off from Gurjara Pratihara clans|isbn=978-1-78074-108-6|language=en}}</ref> during her son [[Mularaja II]]'s infancy from 1175. She was a queen of the Chaulukya king [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=131}}

== Biography ==

Her earlier life is not known, according to [[Prabandha-Chintamani|''Prabandhachintamani'']] of [[Merutunga]], she was daughter of one Paramardi. One theory identifies this Paramardi as the [[Kadambas of Goa|Kadamba]] king Permadi-deva, but according to historian Ashoke Kumar Majumdar, she was likely the daughter of the [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti|Chandela]] king [[Paramardi]] (reigned c. 1165-1203 CE).{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=131}}

She was married to Chaulukya ruler Ajayapala and had son named Mularaja, who later became king after his father's death. When her son succeeded his father as king in 1175, she became regent during the minority of her son.

In 1175, [[Muhammad of Ghor]] crossed the [[Indus]], capturing [[Multan]] and [[Uch]] before penetrating in present-day [[Gujarat]] through the [[Thar Desert]] in 1178. Muhammad of Ghor was routed by [[Mularaja II]] and his Rajput allies from [[Nadol]], [[Jalore]] and Abu. The location of battle is identified as a village named Kayandra near foothills of [[Mount Abu|Abu hills]]. Persian chroniclers [[Minhaj-i-Siraj|Minhaj al-Siraj]] and [[Ferishta]] mentioned that Muhammad of Ghor was routed by [[Bhima II]] (Mularaja brother and successor), although the epigraphic evidences confirmed that Mularaja II was ruling at the time of Ghurid invasion.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rima Hooja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ|title=A History of Rajasthan (PB)|date=2006|publisher=Rupa & Company|page=261|quote=After occupying Uchchh in 1175 and annexing adjoining parts of Sindh, Muhammad of Ghor advanced against Gujarat in AD 1178, which was then ruled by the Chalukyan ruler Bhima II (?Mularaj II?). The bravery and spirited fight put up by him and his allies (among them Kelhan of Nadol, his younger brother, Kirtipal Chauhan, founder of the Jalore line, and the Parmar ruler of Abu, King Dharavarsha), forced the enemy back from the vicinity of Abu, in Rajasthan. According to the Sundha Inscription, this decisive battle took place at Kasahrada, near Abu|isbn=978-81-291-1501-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=[[Mohammad Habib]]|editor=[[K. A. Nizami]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iQ1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Politics and Society During the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib |date=1981|page=111|quote=111:"Rai Bhim Deo of Gujarat collected his Rajput veterans and after a stiff battle, in which most of the invaders were slain drove Shihabuddun away from his kingdom |publisher=People's Publishing House |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=K. A. Nizami |author-link=K. A. Nizami |chapter=Foundation of the Delhi Sultanat |editor1=Mohammad Habib |editor2=Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1970|publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ|oclc=31870180|page=157|quote=Western Rajputana was thus a better known area to the Muslim soldiers than the Gangetic Doab. Mu'izzuddin thought of repeating the exploits of Mahmud and of reaching southern India and its temple-treasures througlh Rajputana and Gujarat. Mưizzuddin's army must have been exhausted when it reached the foot of Mount Abu. This was his first encounter with an Indian ruler. The Rai of Nahrwala had a fairly strong army at his beck and call and a very large number of elephants. The battle was fought at Kavadra, a village near Mount Abu. Muizzuddin's army was completely routed in the conflict by Rajputs, but somehow he escaped with his defeated army from Gujarat. Minhaj says that Bhim Deo was Rai at this time m Epigraphic evicdence, corroborated by Hindu records, however, shows that Mularaja II was the ruler of Gujarat at the time}}</ref>

A later account of Merutunga states that Naiki devi took her son Mularaja in her lap and marched at the head of the Chaulukya army and defeated the [[Ghurid]] forces at Gāḍarāraghaṭṭa pass and secured for her son title of "vanquisher of the king of Ghazni". However, Ashoke Kumar Majumdar criticised the writing of Merutunga who used mythical stories to fascinate his readers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Majumdar|first=Asoke Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ|title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat: A Survey of the History and Culture of Gujarat from the Middle of the Tenth to the End of the Thirteenth Century|year=1956|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|pages=131–135|language=en|access-date=2022-04-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Ramesh Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kv4TzQEACAAJ |title=Ancient India |date=1977 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0436-4 |pages=334 |language=en}}</ref> In any case, Merutunga is dismissed as "completly unreliable" by modern scholars .<ref>{{citation |last=Crouzet |first=François |title=Studies in the Cultural History of India |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Studies_in_the_Cultural_History_of_India/2HJDAAAAYAAJ |year=1965 |page=237|publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=A. K. Warder |author-link=A. K. Warder |title=Indian Kāvya Literature |volume=VI: The Art of Storytelling |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fl0l5ZTkNxIC&pg=151 |year=1992 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0615-3 }}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
The 2022 Gujarati historical film ''[[Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen]]'' stars Khushi Shah as Naiki Devi.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-03-16 |title='Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen' Depicts Chunky Panday As Evil Antagonist |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/nayika-devi-the-warrior-queen-depicts-chunky-panday-as-evil-antagonist-1520021 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=ABP Live |publisher=IANS |language=}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian women in war]]
[[Category:Regents of India]]
[[Category:Women in 12th-century warfare]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian queen consorts]]
[[Category:12th-century women rulers]]

Naiki Devi - Revision history

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