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'''Nagpuri culture''' refers to the culture of the [[Nagpuria people]], the native speakers of the [[Nagpuri language]], which includes literature, festivals, folk song and dance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/ghumla/story-committee-constituted-for-the-protection-and-promotion-of-nagpuri-language-and-culture-in-chainpur-6804917.amp.html|title=चैनपुर में नागपुरी भाषा-संस्कृति के संरक्षण व संवर्द्धन को लेकर कमेटी गठित|publisher=livehindustan|date=18 July 2022|access-date=24 September 2022|language=hindi}}</ref><ref name="Colours of culture">{{cite news |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/colours-of-culture-blossom-at-nagpuri-dance-workshop.html |work=The Daily Pioneer |title=Colours of culture blossom at Nagpuri dance workshop |date=1 June 2017 |first=Arya |last=Sharan |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> It is also referred to as the culture related to the Nagpuri language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/nagpuri-call-for-culture/cid/562024|title=Nagpuri call for culture|website=telegraphindia|date=25 July 2008|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>

==Language==
{{Main|Nagpuri language|Nagpuri literature}}
Nagpuri is the native language of Sadan, the Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Chotanagpur. It is spoken in the western and central Chota Nagpur plateau region. It is spoken by around 12 million people, 5 million as a native language and 7 million as a second language.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4387|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|isbn=9788126012213|last1=Lal|first1=Mohan|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi }}</ref><ref name="Samanya Gyan 2021">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|year=2021|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}</ref> The first evidence of poetry written in this language is from the 17th century.<ref>[[Paul Brass|Brass Paul R.]], ''The Politics of India Since Independence'', Cambridge University Press, pp. 183</ref> The [[Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur|Nagvanshi]] king [[Raghunath Shah]] and [[Dalel Singh (king)|Dalel Singh]], the king of [[Ramgarh Raj|Ramgarh]] were the poets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/giant-new-chapter-for-nagpuri-poetry/cid/362632|title=giant new chapter for nagpuri poetry|website=telegraphindia|date=5 November 2012}}</ref> Some prominent poets were Hanuman Singh, Jaigovind Mishra, Barju Ram Pathak, [[Ghasiram Mahli]] and Das Mahli.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/nagpuri-cinema/nagpuri-artist-singer-mahavir-nayak-nagpuri-raga-ragini-preserving/1325460.html|title=नागपुरी राग-रागिनियों को संरक्षित कर रहे महावीर नायक|website=prabhatkhabar|date=4 September 2019|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> Some prominent writers in the modern period are [[Praful Kumar Rai]], [[Lal Ranvijay Nath Shahdeo]], [[Bisheshwar Prasad Keshari]], [[Girdhari Ram Gonjhu]] and [[Sahani Upendra Pal Singh]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1TCcDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351866848|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=January 2016|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}</ref>

==Festivals==
Several festivals are observed by Sadans including [[Ashadhi Puja]], [[Karam festival|Karam]], [[Jitiya]], [[Chhath]], [[Nawakhani]], [[Sohrai]]/[[Diwali]], [[Surjahi Puja]], [[Makar Sankranti]], [[Holi|Fagun]], Bad Pahari and [[Sarhul]].<ref name="dailypioneer.com"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3hrzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA315|title=Know Your State Jharkhand|publisher=Arihant Experts|isbn=978-9324190888|page=316|access-date=24 September 2022|year=2019}}</ref><ref name="Prabhat Prakashan 2022">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9S1pEAAAQBAJ&pg=SA2-PA1|title=JHARKHAND GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2021|author= Manish Ranjan|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|date=2022|isbn=9789354883002}}</ref>

==Folk music and dance==
===Folk dance===
Some Nagpuri folk dances are {{Transliteration|sck|[[jhumair]]}}, {{Transliteration|sck|[[Mardani Jhumar|mardani jhumar]]}}, {{Transliteration|sck|[[Janani Jhumar|janani jhumar]]}}, {{Transliteration|sck|[[domkach]]}}, {{Transliteration|sck|[[Janani Jhumar|angnai]]}}, {{Transliteration|sck|fagua}}, {{Transliteration|sck|jadur}}, {{Transliteration|sck|matha}}, {{Transliteration|sck|natua}} {{Transliteration|sck|and paiki}}.<ref name="democratic world">{{Cite web|url=http://democraticworld.in/component/k2/item/603-out-of-the-dark|title=Out of the Dark|website=democratic world|date=7 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Samanya Gyan 2021"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/gumla/happy-holi-2021-fag-and-jhumar-dance-are-no-longer-visible-they-are-losing-their-momentum-smj|title=अब नहीं दिखती फाग और झूमर नृत्य, खो रही है अपनी धाक|website=prabhatkhabar|date=29 March 2021|access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref> [[Paiki]] is ceremonial martial folk dance performed at marriages and other occasions in the Sadan community.<ref name="bhaskar">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/jharkhand/gumla/news/go-on-the-trail-as-told-by-saqar-mundal-singh-062023-4307550.html|title=बख्तर साय मुंडल सिंह के बताए राह पर चलें|website=bhaskar|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="Prabhat Prakashan">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9S1pEAAAQBAJ&pg=SA4-PA6|title=Jharkhand General Knowledge 2022|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|author=MANISH RANJAN|pages=4.6–4.10|year=2022|isbn=978-9354883002}}</ref> The musical instruments used are [[dhol]], [[Madal|mandar]], [[Bansuri|bansi]], [[Naqareh|nagara]], [[Dhak (instrument)|dhak]], [[shehnai]], [[khartal]], and [[Ransingha|narsinga]].<ref name="democratic world"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/jharkhand-tunes-in-to-nagpuri-folk-songs/articleshow/40883458.cms|title=Jharkhand tunes in to Nagpuri folk songs|website=timesofindia|date=26 August 2014|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="prabhat khabar1122" /> These instruments are traditionally made by the [[Ghasi]] and [[Mahli]] community.<ref name="Sarah Jewitt">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}</ref> [[Akhara|Akhra]] is important part of the Nagpuri culture which is where people dance in village.<ref name="dailypioneer.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/talk-on-nagpuri-folk-music-at-ignca.html|title=talk on nagpuri folk music at ignca|website=daily Pioneer|date=7 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/gumla-gumla-news-21840260.html|title=नागपुरी के विकास के लिए अखड़ा संस्कृति को रखना होगा जिदा : मुकुंद नायक|website=jagran|date=17 July 2021|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> The Ghasi community has played important role in preservation of folk music. They have been playing musical instruments in marriage ceremonies.<ref name="syr.edu">{{cite web |url=http://thecollege.syr.edu/news/2017/carol_babiracki_research.html |title=Song of India |website=thecollege.syr.edu |date=25 August 2017 |access-date=20 September 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330170155/http://thecollege.syr.edu/news/2017/carol_babiracki_research.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Folk song===
Nagpuri folk songs can be divided into four categories: seasonal, festival, Sanskar and dance songs. Seasonal songs are sung according to season, such as Udasi, Pawas, Fagua. Pawas songs are sung during the rainy season, Fagua during spring till [[Holi]] festival and Udasi during summer season.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=93enEAAAQBAJ&pg=PP14|title=Statistical Analysis of Folk Songs of Jharkhand|publisher=Sanctum Books|author=Shivani Tiwari, Soubhik Chakraborty|year=2022|pages=14–15|isbn=9788195293162|access-date=9 April 2023}}</ref> Festival songs are sung during festivals such as [[Karam festival|Karam]], [[Jitiya]], [[Teej]], [[Sohrai]]. Sanskar songs are sung during major rites such as child birth and weddings. Dance songs are dance oriented such as [[Mardani Jhumar]], [[Janani Jhumar]], [[Domkach]] and Khemta.<ref name="Prabhat Prakashan"/>

Theth Nagpuri is a genre of typical Nagpuri music which is based on traditional ragas of folk songs such as Jhumar, Pawas, Udasi and Fagua.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/amp/story/vishesh-aalekh/1381799|title=पारंपरिक नागपुरी गीतों को सहेजने में जुटे 'भिनसरिया के राजा' महावीर नायक|publisher=prabhatkhabar|date=14 February 2020|access-date=25 September 2022|language=Hindi}}</ref> It is connected to the Nagpuri tradition.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/jhollywood/1347380|title=ठेठ नागपुरी की पहचान है सरिता देवी कहतीं हैं- ठेठ कभी नहीं मरेगा|publisher=prabhatkhabar|date=7 November 2019|access-date=25 September 2022|language=Hindi}}</ref> Notable exponent of Nagpuri folk music and dance are [[Govind Sharan Lohra]], [[Mahavir Nayak]] and [[Mukund Nayak]].

==

==Household goods and tools==
Sadan people traditionally use household items of earthenware, iron and bronze which includes gagri, handi, chuka, dhakni for cooking. Hunting tools used are nets, kumni, bow arrow, sword, spear and tangi.<ref name="Prabhat Prakashan 2022"/>

==Cuisine==
{{Main|Jharkhandi cuisine}}
The Staple food of the region is rice. People also eat forest products such as wild flowers and fruits. Some traditional dishes are [[Chhilka Roti]], Arsa roti, [[Malpua]], [[Dhooska]], Til laddu and Dudhauri.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/mouthwatering-dishes-from-jharkhand-you-must-try/photostory/79000151.cms|title=Mouthwatering Dishes From Jharkhand You Must Try|website=Timesofindia|date=3 November 2020|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lifestyle/healthy-food/jharkhand-bihar-famous-sweet-dudhauri-making-recipe-how-to-make-dudhauri-sweet-at-home|title=घर में बनाएं झारखंड-बिहार की मशहूर मिठाई दुधौरी, 20 से 25 मिनट में हो जाएगी तैयार|website=amarujala|date=21 July 2020|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/mistress-of-spices-princess-of-the-pitha/cid/1330552|title=Mistress of spices, princess of the pitha|publisher=telegraphindia|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> Some traditional leafy vegetables or [[Saag]] are Khesari, Kohnda, Koinar, Methi, Munga, Poi, [[Ficus_geniculata|Putkal]] and Sarla saag.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-jharkhand-food-variety-saag-is-beneficial-for-health-more-than-70-type-of-saag-is-found-in-jharkhand-jagran-special-20670992.html|title=सागों में छिपा है सेहत का राज, कई रोगों की है अचूक दवा; झारखंड में उगते हैं 70 से ज्यादा प्रकार के साग|publisher=jagran|date=26 August 2020|accessdate=12 September 2022}}</ref> Some wild edible wild flowers are as Jilhur phool and Sanai phool ([[Crotalaria juncea]]). Gunda is a traditional dish which is a powder of leafy vegetables which are dried and grinded and made into soup with rice water. Some Gunda are ''Chakod gunda'', ''Munga Gunda'' and ''Sarla gunda'' etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhoomika.com/chefofmonth/test-post/|title=Ecopreneur of the month|website=Bhoomika|access-date=24 September 2022|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220233557/https://www.bhoomika.com/chefofmonth/test-post/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karil, the new bamboo shoots are edible. Some [[edible mushroom]]s are khukdi, especially the [[white mushroom]], Putu (white puffball) and rugda (puffball), which grow during the rainy season in field and forest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/national/state/jharkhand/rugda-and-khukdi-the-vegetarian-mutton-of-jharkhand/na20200702212310726|title='Rugda and Khukdi'- The vegetarian mutton of Jharkhand|publisher=etvbharat|date=2 July 2020|accessdate=24 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/rugda-mushroom-curry-recipe-how-to-make-rugda-mushroom-curry-2476862|title=Rugda Mushroom Curry Recipe: A Traditional Mushroom Curry From Jharkhand|publisher=food.ndtv|date=1 July 2021|accessdate=24 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-this-is-veg-mutton-of-jharkhand-beneficial-in-cancer-and-asthma-disease-jagran-special-20464957.html|title=यह है झारखंड का वेज मटन, कैंसर-अस्थमा जैसे रोग में है फायदेमंद|publisher=jagran|date=2 July 2020|accessdate=24 September 2022}}</ref> [[Madhuca longifolia|Mahua]] flower is edible and its seed used for preparation of oil.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Suryawanshi |first1=Yogesh |last2=Mokat |first2=Digambar |title=Morphophysiological Seed Variability in Mahua Trees from Western Ghats and Its Impact on Tribal Life. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. |year=2021 |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=227–239 |doi=10.1007/s40011-020-01223-w|bibcode=2021PINSB..91..227S |s2cid=231876956 }}</ref> The traditional alcoholic beverages are [[Handia (drink)|Handi]], a rice bear and Mahua daru, a wine prepared by Mahua flowers. People drink it during festivals and marriage feasts.<ref name=dailypioneer>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/state-editions/handia-most-preferred-summer-drink.html|title=Handia most preferred summer drink|publisher=dailypioneer|date=19 May 2014|accessdate=22 September 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Chilka Roti.jpg|thumb|Chilka Roti, traditional bread of Chotanagpur]]

==Religion==
Sadan people observe festivals such as [[Ashadhi Puja|Asari]], [[Karam festival|Karam]], [[Jitiya]], [[Nawakhani]], [[Sohrai]], [[Holi|Fagun]] and Bad Pahari. In these festivals the elder of family members propitates Sun, Moon, ancestors and other deities by offering [[Animal sacrifice in Hinduism|sacrifice]]s and liquor.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qzAoEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA7-PA50|title=JHARKHAND PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION PRELIMS EXAMS COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE PAPER|author=Dr Manish Ranjan|date=2021|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-9390906321|pages=50}}</ref><ref name="Chik Baraik">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5dVaq4_cLoC&pg=PA67|title=Chik Baraik|isbn=9788178351216|access-date=24 September 2022|last1=Minz|first1=Diwakar|last2=Hansda|first2=Delo Mai|year=2010 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref> In the village festival, the rituals are performed by the village priest "Pahan" and his assistant "Pujar", who offer sacrifice to village deity.<ref name="bhaskar"/><ref name="livehindustan">{{cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/simdega/story-decision-to-organize-nagpuria-program-in-the-meeting-of-the-youth-association-2903864.amp.html|title=नवयुवक संघ की बैठक में नागपुरिया कार्यक्रम आयोजित करने का निर्णय|website=livehindustan|access-date=6 April 2022|date=16 December 2019}}</ref> According to scholars, the deities which are not found in Hindu scriptures are deities of [[Folk religion#Folk Hinduism|folk tradition]] which is a non-vedic tradition. According to June McDaniel, folk Hinduism is based on local traditions and cults of local [[deities]] and is the oldest, non-literate system. It is a [[History of Hinduism#Pre-Vedic religions (until c. 1750 BCE)|pre-vedic]] tradition extending back to prehistoric times, or before the writing of the [[Vedas]].<ref name=junemcdaniel6>June McDaniel "Hinduism", in John Corrigan, ''The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Emotion'', (2007) Oxford University Press, 544 pages, pp. 52–53 {{ISBN|0-19-517021-0}}</ref> The influence of Vedic religion reached in the region during the reign of the [[Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur|Nagvanshi]]. The Nagvanshi kings constructed several temples during their reign and invited Brahmins from various parts of the country for priestly duties.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gautam Kumar Bera|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&pg=PA36|title=The unrest axle: ethno-social movements in Eastern India|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2008|isbn=978-81-8324-145-8|pages=36|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> But rituals in the village are carried out by village priest Pahan.<ref name="livehindustan"/><ref name="Jharkhand Samanya Gyan 2002">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351867982|access-date=22 December 2019|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}</ref>

[[Megasthenes]], the Greek Ambassador to Maurya, Emperor [[Chandragupta Maurya]], mentioned India in his book [[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indica]]. According to him, Indians make wine from rice, drink rice bear in sacrifice and mainly eat rice pottage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.org/stream/ancientindiaasd01mccrgoog/ancientindiaasd01mccrgoog_djvu.txt|title=Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian; being a translation of the fragments of the Indika of Megasthenês collected by Dr. Schwanbeck, and of the first part of the Indika of Arrian|page=69|website=archive.org|accessdate=24 September 2022}}</ref>
In 1989, the Jharkhand Co-ordination committee (JCC), who was instrumental in the demand for a separate Jharkhand state in front of the central government, also stated in their paper that Sadan may be the earliest Aryan population and could be the subcategoriable as [[Nāga|Naga]] people as they differ from dominant Aryan group and did't strictly follow Brahmanical religion.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1nqYqBBf_IC&pg=PA124|title=Issues in Indian Politics|publisher=Mittal Publications|author=Lalan Tiwari|year=1995|page=124|isbn=978-8170996187|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>

==Marriage tradition==
Nagpuri weddings are held for several days. Prior to marriage, the groom's relatives go bride's home to see and negotiate for marriage and a token amount (bride price) is paid by the groom's family to the family of the bride. Some wedding rituals are madwa, baraat, parghani, sindoordan, bidai.<ref name="Global Vision Pub House">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IM3l0v0Z6YC&pg=PA157|title=Global Encyclopaedia of the North Indian Dalits Ethnography (2 Vols. Set)|isbn=978-8182202382|author=K.C. Das|via=books.google|publisher=Global Vision Pub House|year=2007}}</ref><ref name="Gyan Publishing House">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5dVaq4_cLoC&pg=PA67|title=Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand|isbn=9788178351216|last1=Minz|first1=Diwakar|last2=Hansda|first2=Delo Mai|year=2010 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref> [[Domkach]] folk dance is performed during the wedding.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wdFHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT55|title=JHARKHAND KE PARVA-TYOHAR, MELE AUR PARYATAN STHAL|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|author=Sanjay Krishna|page=55|year=2013|isbn=978-9350485286}}</ref> The musical instruments used in the nagpuri wedding are [[Naqareh|nagara]], [[Dhak (instrument)|dhak]] and [[shehnai]].<ref name="prabhat khabar1122">{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/my-mati-jharkhands-traditional-instrument-in-danger-unk|title=My Mati: झारखंड का पारंपरिक बाजा खतरे में|publisher=prabhat khabar|date=25 November 2022|access-date=3 December 2022}}</ref>

The practice of bride price was mentioned in Ramayana and Mahabharata where during weddings of [[Kaikeyi]], [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]] and [[Madri]], bride price was given. The practice of giving bride price was considered [[Asura]] Vivah in [[Smriti]] texts such as Grihas Sutra and [[Dharma Sutra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marriage/8-traditional-forms-of-hindu-marriage-in-india/47455|title=8 Traditional forms of Hindu Marriage in India|date=27 January 2015 |publisher=yourarticlelibrary|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindu-blog.com/2020/09/kanyasulkam-bride-price-in-hinduism.html?m=1|title=Kanyasulkam – Bride Price In Hinduism|publisher=hindu-blog|date=9 September 2020|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>

==Traditional administrative System==
In Chotoanagpur, there was a traditional administrative system to govern villages known as to the Parha system. In the Parha system, there were the posts of [[Mahto]] (village chief), Pahan (village priest), Pujar or Pani bharwa (assistant of Pahan), [[Bhandari]] (treasurer), Chowkidar (watchman), Diwan (minister) and [[Raja]] (king). During the reign of Nagvanshi, the landowners were known as Bhuinhar. Bhuinhar refers to the first people who cleared forest, built farmland and houses in a village. Sadans were in the post of [[Dewan|Diwan]], [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]], [[Pandey]], Karta (executive), Lal, Mahato, Pahan and Raja.<ref name="Prabhat Prakashan 2022"/>

The owner of lands known as Bhuinhars.
Mahto made assessments and settlement of all land not held by hereditary cultivators. He collects rent. Pahan, the village priest, does all the rituals for village deities. Bhandari assists with the collection of rents and summoning ryots who work for farmers or Zamindars. There was Gorait, who was a messenger to Zamindar, and Kotwar, who was a police officer in each village. The village has a blacksmith and a Gowala who rear the cattle of the village.<ref name="academia.edu2015">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/42298290|title=Pages from the Old Records: A Note on 'The "Kols" of Chota-Nagpore' by E.T. Dalton|author=Sanjay Nath|website=academia.edu|pages=19–23|year=2015|access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref>

==Cinema==
{{Main|Nagpuri cinema}}
Nagpuri language films have been produced since 1992. ''Sona Kar Nagpur'' (1992) was the first nagpuri film produced and directed by Dhananjay Nath Tiwari. The Nagpuri cinema faces several challenges, such as lack of funds and lack of infrastructure, as the majority of the audience reside in villages. Despite all these, several films are produced per year and few get released.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355999172|title=Journey of Jhollywood: A Study in the Context of Nagpuri Cinema|website=researchgate|date=November 2021|accessdate=24 September 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Culture of Jharkhand]]
*[[Culture of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nagpuri culture}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]
[[Category:Nagpuria people]]
[[Category:Culture of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Culture of India]]
[[Category:Nagpuri culture]]

Nagpuri culture - Revision history

Sadnasankar138: Adding new article