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{{short description|Dargah in India (Popular Dargah Shariff in India)}}
{{For|the former Indian Muslim shrine in [[Singapore]]|Nagore Durgha, Singapore}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox mosque
| name = Nagore Dargah
| image = Nagore dargah.jpg
|alt = A panoramic view of Nagore Dargah; Dome, Sacred water tank and the five minarets
| caption = A panoramic view of Nagore Dargah; Dome, Sacred water tank and the five minarets
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| location = [[Nagore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| geo = {{coord|10.818|79.858|display=inline,title}}
| tradition =
| rite =
| province =
| territory = [[Nagore]]
| district = [[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]]
| consecration_year =
| status = [[Mosque]]
| leadership =
| website = www.nagoredargahshariff.org
| architect =
| architecture_type = Mosque
| architecture_style = [[Islamic architecture|Islamic]]
| facade_direction =
| year_completed =
| construction_cost =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity = 1 (gold-plated)
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = 5
| minaret_height = {{convert|131|ft|m|sp=us|abbr=on}} (tallest)
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials =
| administration = Nagore dargah committee
}}

'''Nagore Dargah''' (also called '''Nagoor Dargah''' or '''Syed Shahul Hameed Dargah''' or '''Nagore Andavar dargah''') is a [[dargah]] built over the tomb of the [[Sufi]] saint [[Nagore Shahul Hamid|Shahul Hameed]] (1490–1579 CE).<ref name="Hunter" /> It is located in [[Nagore]], a coastal town in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The outer doors of the dargah are kept open always, while the internal doors are open from 4:30 am to 07:00 am and from 6:25 pm to 9:30 pm. On Fridays, the doors are additionally kept open between 12:00 and 2:30 pm. Shahul Hamid is believed to have performed many miracles in Nagore, and cured the physical affliction of king [[Achuthappa Nayak]], a 16th-century Hindu ruler of [[Thanjavur]]. He is locally referred to as ''Nagore Andavar'', meaning the "Ruler of Nagore". Nagore dargah as it stands now, is believed to have been built by ardent devotees of Shahul Hamid, with major contribution from Hindus. There are five minarets in the dargah, with the Hindu [[Maratha]] ruler of Thanjavur [[Pratap Singh of Thanjavur|Pratap Singh]] (1739–1763 CE), building the tallest minaret. The dargah is a major pilgrimage centre that attracts pilgrims from both [[Islam]] and [[Hinduism]], symbolizing peaceful coexistence between the two religions.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Landis |first1=Dan|last2=Albert|first2=Rosita D. |title=Handbook of Ethnic Conflict: International Perspectives|page=150|year=2012 |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media, LLC |location=London|isbn=978-1-4614-0447-7}}</ref>

The most prominent event celebrated at Nagore dargah is the Kanduri festival, a fourteen-day commemoration of the death anniversary of Shahul Hamid. Common worship practices at Nagore dargah include the presentation of offerings, accompanied by the playing of musical instruments like ''[[nadaswaram]]'', typical of Hindu religious tradition. The ''Shifa Gunta'', a pool within the precincts of the dargah, is considered sacred; pilgrims take a holy dip in it. The hereditary ''[[Sajjada nashin|Khalifa]]'' (Sufi saint){{Ref|c| '''c'''}} performs all the official and religious duties of the dargah. The administration and maintenance of the dargah is governed by a committee which operates under a scheme decreed by the [[Madras High Court]].

==About the saint==
[[File:Nagore Dargah4.JPG|250px|thumb|left|Entrance of the Dargah]]
[[Nagore Shahul Hamid|Shahul Hameedd Nagoori]] was born to Syed Hassan Kuthos Baba Kaadiri and Bibi Fathima at [[Manikpur, Uttar Pradesh|Manikpur]], in [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He was a 13th-generation descendant of the renowned Sufi saint, [[Abdul-Qadir Gilani|Muhiyudin Abd al-Qadir al-Jalani]].<ref name="raj69">[[#Raj|Raj]] 2006, p. 69</ref> He had his [[Islamic]] education at [[Gwalior]] under the guidance of Mohammad Ghouse. He left on a pilgrimage to [[Mecca]] and then moved to [[Maldives]], [[Sri Lanka]] and Tamil Nadu with his spiritual team.<ref name="Mohammada" /> Historians Sayyid and Qadir Hussain (1957) place the date of his birth on 10 November 1504, death on 10 November 1570 and arrival in Nagore during 1533–34.<ref name="Werbner5860">[[#Werbner|Werbner]] 1998, pp. 58–60</ref> Other sources mention the year of death as 1558, 1570 or 1579.<ref name="raj69" /> He is believed to have led a simple and pious life, performing a lot of miracles, giving him the name ''Nagore Andavar'' (meaning ruler of Nagore).<ref name="Mohammada">[[#Mohammada|Mohammada]] 2007, p. 224</ref><ref name="Werbner5860" /> His popularity grew outside Tanjore region during the period.<ref>{{cite book|title=Themes in Islamic Studies : Islam in South Asia : A Short History|page=141|first=Jamal|last=Malik|publisher=BRILL |year= 2008 |location=Boston, MA, USA|isbn=9789047441816 }}</ref> He was also called Meera Saheb,<ref>[[#Mohammada|Mohammada]] 2007, p. 225</ref> Qadir Wali and Ganj-e-Sawai.<ref name="times" />

According to local legend, hagiographical texts and historical records, Shahul Hamid is believed to have cured a Hindu ruler of [[Thanjavur]], king [[Achyuta Deva Raya|Achutappa Nayak]] (1529–1542 CE), of his physical affliction caused by sorcery.<ref name="Raj">[[#Raj|Raj]] 2006, p. 65</ref> Shahul Hamid found a needled pigeon in the palace believed to be the cause of the misery. He removed the pins from the pigeon, resulting in the king's health improvement.<ref name="Raj" /> In remembrance of the event, the practice of setting pigeons free in the premises of the dargah is continued by worshipers in modern times.

==History of the dargah==
Achutappa Nayak, the king of Thanjavur during the 16th century, donated {{convert|200|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of land to the entourage of Shahul, after the saint cured the king's affliction. The dargah was built on a part of the land donated by Nayak.<ref name="Raj" /><ref name="official">{{cite web|title=History of Nagore Dargah|url=http://www.nagoredargah.com/|access-date=2013-07-04|publisher=Nagore Dargah}}</ref> Shahul Hamid is believed to have predicted his death and advised his adopted son Yusuf about his burial location and rites to be performed after his death. Yusuf performed the rites as per the instructions and decided to stay there for the rest of his life. A mausoleum was constructed over the grave. Devotees of Shahul, who continued to believe in his powers after his death, venerated the site of the burial.<ref name="Werbner5860"/> The shrine was initially a smaller one and gradually gained prominence. [[Pratap Singh of Thanjavur|Pratap Singh]] (1739–1763 CE), the Hindu [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom|Maratha ruler of Thanjavur]] prayed for a son and built the tallest of the five minarets (called ''Periya Manara'' locally) with a height of {{convert|131|ft|m|abbr=on}} once his wish was fulfilled.<ref name="Hunter" /><ref>{{cite book|title=Hindu and Muhammadan festivals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BUQ4OvusWwIC&q=nagore+dargah&pg=PA79|page=79|first=John|last=Murdoch|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1991|isbn=9788120607088}}</ref> The [[Marathas]] of the later period were patrons to the dargah,<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Princes and Their States|page=46|first= Barbara N.|last=Ramusack|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=9780511164217 }}</ref> with the Maratha king [[Thuljaji]], the son of Pratap Singh, donating {{convert|4000|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of agricultural land to the dargah.<ref name="times"/> During the last quarter of 18th century, when there was conflict between European powers, the [[Nawab of Arcot]], the Maratha kings and [[Tipu Sultan]] of [[Mysore]] over Thanjavur region, the dargah was considered strategically important by all of them.<ref>[[#Bayly|Bayly]] 2003, p. 220</ref>
{{clear left}}

==Architecture==
[[File:Nagore Dargah minaret.jpg|200px|thumb|The tallest minaret of the dargah with a height of {{convert|131|ft|m|abbr=on}}.|alt=a close view of main minaret]]
The Nagore Dargah covers an area of {{convert|5|acre|ha|abbr=on}} enclosed by a compound wall. The main complex has four entrances in each direction.<ref name="Marg"/><ref name="Visweswaran"/> The dargah is believed to have been built by ardent devotees of Shahul Hamid, who are 95 per cent Hindus.<ref name="Visweswaran">{{Cite book |last=Visweswaran |first=Kamala |title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and |year=2011 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Limited |location=UK |isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5|ref=Visweswaran|pages=33–34}}</ref> There are five minarets with different heights and the tallest one has a height of {{convert|131|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Hunter" /> It was erected during the 195th death anniversary of Shahul.<ref name="Raj" /> The dargah has a gold-plated dome located on the west face outside the main entrance over the tombs of Shahul, his son Yusuf and his daughter-in-law Saeeda Sultana Biwi.<ref>[[#Bayly|Bayly]] 2003, p. 91</ref> The other four minarets are {{convert|77|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall ''Sahib Minara'', {{convert|93.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall ''Thalaimattu Minara'', {{convert|93.25|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall Muthubaq Minara and {{convert|80|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall ''Ottu Minara'', each constructed in four cardinal points around the dome.<ref name="Marg"/> As a mark of respect, devotees venerate the [[Episcopal sandals|sandals]] of the saint which are preserved in the shrine. The central part of the dargah is the tomb of the saint Shahul Hamid, which is approached through seven thresholds.<ref name="Visweswaran" /><ref name="santhanakoodu">{{cite news|title='Sandanakoodu' to reach Nagore Dargah on July 18|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/11/stories/2005071103000200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001020914/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/11/stories/2005071103000200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-01|date=2005-07-11|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2013-02-15}}</ref> Four of these doorways are made of silver and the remaining three of gold. The other tombs in the shrines are the ones for Shahul's grandson Hassan and Abdel Khader Gilani, each located in different chambers.<ref name="Visweswaran" /> The adjoining portion of the complex is called ''Peer Mandap'', the ''Trusty'''s place of fasting during the annual festival. A mosque is located next to the ''Peer Mandap'', where daily prayers are offered.<ref name="Marg"/>

''Shifa Gunta'' is a holy tank with stepped sides, located within the precincts of the dargah.<ref name="Visweswaran"/> As per a local legend, Shahul Hamid is believed to have brought an iron chain with him to Nagore to bind himself during severe austerities. The distinctive chain is identified as the one hanging from the ceiling above the tomb of Yusuf.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lived Islam in South Asia: Adaptation, Accommodation, and Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oPLZ8lzi39QC&q=nagoor+dargah&pg=PA277|page=277|last=Ahmad |first=Imtiaz |publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2004|isbn=9788187358152}}</ref> Vanjur shrine and Silladi shrine, located outside the main complex, are associated with the Nagore Dargah. The Vanjur shrine is a cave located {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of the main complex at Nagore. It is the place where Shahul is believed to have meditated for 40 days. Silladi shrine is located {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} towards the east of main complex, facing the Bay of Bengal, where Shahul is believed to have offered daily prayers.<ref name="Marg">{{cite book|title=Dargahs, abodes of the saints|publisher=Marg Publications|year=2004|first1=Mumtaz|last1=Currim|first2=George|last2=Michell|first3=Karoki|last3=Lewis|page=145|isbn=9788185026657}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rivers of Paradise: Water in Islamic Art and Culture|url=http://www.islamicartdoha.org/downloads/symposium-program-07.pdf|work=Hamad Bin Khalifa Symposium on Islamic Art|last=Ashe|first=Catherine.B|pages=20–21|date=2004-11-05|access-date=2013-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Rivers of paradise: water in Islamic art and culture|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2009|last1=Blair|first1=Sheila|last2=Bloom|first2=Jonathan M.|isbn=978-0300158991}}</ref>

There are similar shrines built in Shahul Hamid's honour in [[Penang]] ([[Malaysia]]) and [[Singapore]]. The Singapore dargah, built during 1827, has been declared a national monument. These two shrines along with the [[Masjid Jamae]] at Chulia in Singapore and the Keramat Data Koya in Penang are influenced by the architectural style of Nagore dargah.<ref>[[#Feener|Feener]] 2009, p. 58</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ritual, caste, and religion in colonial South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbISha_aGocC|page=195|last1=Bergunder|first1=Michael |last2=Frese|first2=Heiko|last3=Schröder|first3=Ulrich E.|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2010|isbn=9783447063777|access-date=2013-04-22}}</ref>

==Festivals==
[[File:Sufi saint Shahul Hameed's tomb at Nagore Dargah in Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu.jpg|200x200px|right|thumb|Sufi saint Shahul Hameed's tomb at Nagore Dargah in Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu]]
Kanduri festival is a 14-day annual event celebrated during the ''[[urs]]'' (death anniversary) of the saint.<ref name="Hunter">{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Sir William Wilson |title=Imperial gazetteer of India, Volume 19 |year=1908 |publisher=Claredon Press |location=Oxford |ref=Hunter}}</ref><ref name="Werbner6162" /> The festival is celebrated in commemoration of the anniversary of the saint's death, and pilgrims participate in the rituals and rites. The word ''kanduri'' is derived from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word for table cloth. The festival is also called ''Qadir Wali Ke Fande'' festival.<ref name="Werbner6162" /> A saffron flag-carrying ceremony is also observed, during which a flag is carried from a devotee's house to the dargah, accompanied by a procession in streets. The flag is hoisted on a tree known as ''Fande ka Fahad'' by a ''Sirang'' (hereditary trustee) who is assisted by twenty assistants.<ref name="kodi">{{cite news|title='Kodimaram' offerings belong to dargah: HC|url=http://hindujobs.com/thehindu/2002/08/06/stories/2002080604180400.htm|work=The Hindu|date=2002-08-06|access-date=2013-02-15|last=A.|first=Subramani}}</ref> The Islamic rites performed during the festival include the recitation of [[Quaran|Quaranic verses]] and observance of ''Fatiha'' (it includes; recitation of [[Al-Fatiha]] an essential part of [[salat|daily prayer]] and ''[[Durood]]'').<ref name="Moham">[[#Mohammada|Mohammada]] 2007, p. 226</ref> The main attraction of the festival is the presence of ''[[Fakir|Fakhir Jamas]]'' (mendicant priests) and ''[[Qalandariyya|Qalandar]]s''—the disciples of the saint who witness the festival. On the 9th day of ''[[Jumada al-Thani|Jamathul Akhir]]'' month in the [[Islamic calendar]], at 10 p.m., a ''[[Pir (Sufism)|pir]]'' (one of the disciples) is chosen for the spiritual exercise of offering prayers to the saint. The disciple throws lemons at the end of the prayers on devotees, which is believed to provide miraculous relief to worldly sorrows.<ref name="Moham" /> The festival is also seen as a sacred exchange between Hindus and Muslims expressing solidarity of mixed faith in the region. Pilgrims from both the religions from the state and also from [[Sri Lanka]], [[Burma]] and [[Gulf countries]], attend the festival.<ref name="times">{{cite news|title=Nagore dargah draws Hindus in droves|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-30/chennai/28259332_1_chadar-hindus-marathas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928114606/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-30/chennai/28259332_1_chadar-hindus-marathas|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-09-28|date=2010-10-30|access-date=2013-02-15|last=V.|work=[[The Times of India]]|first=Mayilvaganan}}</ref><ref name="santhanakoodu"/><ref name="Werbner6162">[[#Werbner|Werbner]] 1998, pp. 61–62</ref> In the evening of the ninth day of ''Akhir'' month in the Islamic calendar, a chariot containing [[Sandalwood#Islam|sandal paste]] (locally called ''santhanakoodu'') is pulled across the streets of Nagore by pilgrims and devotees, accompanied by banging of instruments. The sandal paste is received by the saint's descendants and used to anoint the ''Rowla Sharif'' (sanctum) of the saint by the ''Khalifa'' of the dargah.<ref>[[#Mohammada|Mohammada]] 2007, p. 227</ref>

==Worship, rituals and administration==
[[File:Nakur tharka.jpg|200px|right|thumb|image of Nagore dargah with two minarets in the background|alt=a view of street with minaret in the background]]
Nagore dargah is a common place of worship for devotees of various religious faiths.<ref name="official"/> According to the administration of the dargah, about 50–75 per cent of pilgrims visiting the dargah everyday are Hindus.<ref name="Visweswaran" /><ref name="Raj83"/> The practise of offering flowers, sweatmeats and food, the way of conducting worship, and playing musical instruments like ''[[nadaswaram]]'' (a type of pipe instrument commonly used in Tamil Nadu) are typical of Hindu tradition.<ref>[[#Mohammada|Mohammada]] 2007, p. 223</ref> Other worship practises include offering flags and lighting lamps of ghee at the saint's tomb. Devotees shave their heads near the tank and offer tin or silver-plated facsimiles of body parts, houses, sailboats matching their material needs.<ref name="Visweswaran" /><ref name="Raj83">[[#Raj|Raj]] 2006, p. 83</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C&q=nagore+dargah&pg=PR13|page=3|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2009|isbn=9781400831388|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara D.}}</ref>

Since Shahul Hamid was a celibate, he is offered a ''[[chehra (headdress)|Sehra]]'' (head dress), and not the customary flowers as at other dargahs.<ref name="Visweswaran" /> As per a local legend, he was approached by a childless couple who informed them that they would be blessed with children but the first offspring would be presented to him to adopt. Following the tradition, many childless couple worship in the dargah.<ref>[[#Raj|Raj]] 2006, p. 251</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Volume 11|last1=Hastings|first=James|last2=Selbie|first2=John Alexander|last3=Gray|first3=Louis Herbert|publisher=Scribner|year=1917}}</ref> While the dargah is open throughout the day, the doors of the shrines are open only during early morning and evening.<ref name="Visweswaran" />

''Shifa Gunta'', the tank within the precincts of the dargah, is considered sacred. It is believed that a dip in the tank cures physical ailments.<ref name="santhanakoodu"/><ref name="Bayly">[[#Bayly|Bayly]] 2003, p. 134</ref>
There is a hereditary ''Khalifa'', from among the descendants of saint Yusuf. He performs all the religious duties of the dargah. A central parliamentary committee deputed to verify the implementation of the Wakf Act of 1995 was informed in 2008 that the Nagore Dargah was not administered as per the provisions of the Act. The committee found that it is against the spirit of the provisions of the Act as the dargah is a surveyed and notified body under the Tamil Nadu Wakf board. The administration and maintenance of the dargah was henceforth governed by a committee which operates under a scheme decreed by the [[Madras High Court]].<ref name="kodi"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Nagore Dargah trustee dies|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/nagore-dargah-trustee-dies/article3286236.ece?textsize=large&test=1|work=The Hindu|date=2012-04-06|access-date=2013-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Implementation of the Wakf act, 1995 in Tamil Nadu and working of Tamil Nadu State Wakf board|url=http://164.100.47.5:8080/newcommittee/reports/EnglishCommittees/JPC%20on%20Wakf/7threport.pdf|publisher=Joint Parliamentary Committee on Wakf, Rajya Sabha|pages=22–23|access-date=2013-02-15}}</ref>

Shahul Hamid and the dargah are revered in Tamil religious literature across different centuries. The most important among them is ''Tirukkarana Puranam'' (1812) by Ceyk Aptul Kaatiru Nayinar Leppai Alim (also called Cekuna Pulavar) that details the life of the saint. The ''Nakur Puranam'', written by Kulam Katiru Navalar in 1893, describes the miracles performed by Shahul in the dargah after his death. A prose biography ''Kanjul Kaaramattu'', by Kulam Katiru Navalar, is also very popular.
<ref name="Raj67">[[#Raj|Raj]] 2006, p. 67</ref> ''Nakaiyanthathi'', a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] devotional poem, mentions the tank as "a haven of sweetness and comfort bedecked with the auspicious lotus".<ref name="Bayly" />

==See also==
* [[Dargahs in Tamil Nadu]]

==Notes==

=== Footnotes ===
* {{Note|a}} Sufis are Muslim mystics, believed to embrace god based on a personal relationship in contrast to submission to god based on stipulated practises specified by religion. The word ''sufi'' is derived from Arabic word ''surf'' meaning wool, as the first practitioners of Sufism during the 9th century wore a coarse woolen garment. Some of the Sufi rituals drew inspiration from other religions and the geography where it was practised.<ref>{{cite book|title=Understanding Islam|publisher=Penguin Group|last=Lippman|first=Thomas A.|year=2002|pages=[https://archive.org/details/understandingisl00lipp/page/144 144–47]|isbn=0-452-01160-4|edition=2nd revised|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/understandingisl00lipp/page/144}}</ref> Sufism is often referred as a mystic model in Islam and genuine Sufis "share an inner light and awakening and an outer courtesy and service to humanity".<ref>[[#Ahmed|Ahmed]] 2007, p. 34</ref><ref name="world">{{cite book|title=Religions of the World: Islam|last=Kheirabadi|first=Masoud|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|location=Philadelphia|pages=94–100|year=2003|isbn=0-7910-7859-0}}</ref>
* {{Note|b}} Historically, Hindu [[yogis]] and Sufis have interacted amicably to find mutual ways of understanding the gap between the religions. Islam is believed to have arrived in South Asia through traders and Sufis and has blended with other religions practised in the region.<ref>[[#Ahmed|Ahmed]] 2007, p. 13</ref>
* {{Note|c}} ''Khalifa'' in Sufism is commonly referred to the lead follower in Sufi order. His office is called ''khilafat''.<ref name="world"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8wrDHqwEFIC&q=sufi+saints+%2B+khalifa&pg=PR17|page=xvii|last=Ansari|first=Sarah F. D.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992|isbn=9780521405300}}</ref>

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Akbar |title=Journey into Islam |year=2007 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |location=Washington D.C. |isbn=978-0-8157-0132-3 |ref=Ahmed |url=https://archive.org/details/journeyintoislam00ahme_0 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |title=Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900/[[Susan Bayly]] |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-37201-1|ref=Bayly}}
*{{Cite book |last1=Feener |first1=R. Michael |first2=Terenjit |last2=Sevea |title=Islamic connections: Muslim societies in South and Southeast Asia |year=2009 |publisher=ISEAS Publishing |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-230-924-2|ref=Feener}}
*{{Cite book |last=Mohammada |first=Malika |title=The foundations of the composite culture in India |year=2007 |publisher=Aakar Books |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-89833-18-3|ref=Mohammada }}
*{{Cite book |last=Raj |first=Selva J. |author2=William P. Harman |title=Dealing With Deities: The Ritual Vow in South Asia |year=2006 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=0-7914-6707-4|ref=Raj}}
* {{Cite book |last=Werbner |first=Pnina |author-link=Pnina Werbner |author2=Helene Basu |title=Embodying charisma: modernity, locality, and performance of emotion in Sufi |year=1998 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=0-415-15099-X|ref=Werbner|pages=61–62}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nagore Dargah}}
*[http://www.nagoredargahshariff.org/ Nagore Dargah Shareef Official Website]
*[http://www.nagapattinam.nic.in/festival.html Nagore Dargah in Nagapattinam District website]
*[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.wNagoreAwliyaBaiths Nagore Awliya Baiths]

[[Category:Dargahs in India]]
[[Category:Mosques in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Nagapattinam district]]

Nagore Dargah - Revision history

Shruti: fix page further and improved wording for accuracy

122.174.222.222 at 04:16, 5 November 2021