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{{copypaste|date=April 2026|url=http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9408/0237.html}}
{{Short description|Human rights organisation based in Northeast India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| formation = 9 September 1978
| abbreviation = NPMHR
| founder = Hokiye, Gugs Chishi, P. S. Lorin, Luingam Luithui, Ahu Sakhrie, and Labu Sakhrie,
| secretary_general = Neingulo Krome
}}
'''Naga People's Movement for Human Rights''' (NPMHR) is an organisation based in [[Northeast India]]. It is a member of the [[Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact]] and [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]. It plays an important role in spreading awareness in India about the oppression of the [[Indian Armed Forces]] and the country's paramilitary forces against the [[Naga people]] in Northeast India. It has fought landmark cases in the [[Supreme Court of India]] addressing human rights violations.

== History ==
The Naga People's Movement for Human Rights (NPMHR) was started in 9 September 1978 in the [[The Emergency (India)|Post-Emergency era]] to represent the human rights violations against [[Naga people]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Krome |first=Neingulo |date=7 September 2010 |title=NPMHR at the Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact |url=https://morungexpress.com/npmhr-at-the-asia-indigenous-peoples-pact#google_vignette |access-date=20 December 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}</ref> Some of its founding members were, [[P. S. Lorin]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 May 2021 |title=‘A great educator, social worker and guide’ |url=https://www.morungexpress.com/a-great-educator-social-worker-and-guide |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}</ref> Luingam Luithui,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-31 |title=Naga activist fights for right to Indian citizenship |url=https://iwgia.org/en/india/1998-naga-activist-fights-for-right-to-indian-citizensh.html |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ahu Sakhrie,<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2016 |title=NPMHR founding member Ahu Sakhrie passes away |url=https://morungexpress.com/npmhr-founding-member-ahu-sakhrie-passes-away#google_vignette |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}</ref> Labu Sakhrie,<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2023 |title=Nagaland: ‘Politics is a noble pursuit’ |url=https://morungexpress.com/nagaland-politics-is-a-noble-pursuit |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}</ref> Gugs Chishi,<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=11 September 2016 |title=NPMHR commemorates 38th Foundation Day |url=https://morungexpress.com/npmhr-commemorates-38th-foundation-day-0 |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}</ref> and Hokiye.<ref name=":3" /> NPMHR's mission is to ensure and safe-guard,

* The right to life{{Note|Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India AIR 1978 SC 597}}
* The right to work;
* The right to live together as a people and the unification of all Naga lands;
* The right to hold and communicate one’s belief;
* The freedom of movement, assembly and associations;
* Free access to all places of learning;
* Maximum participation of the people in the making of decisions affecting their lives;
* Freedom from socio-economic exploitation, political domination and military repression;
* Against anti-democratic practices and the dismantling of institutions and social values which legitimize and perpetuate these within our society;
* Against the practices of arbitrary arrest, detention, torture, execution, and the use of unconventional weapons; and
* Against the imposition of undesirable alien legal systems and socio-cultural concepts and ways of life.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mao |first=X. P. |author-link= |url=https://www.google.se/books/edition/Social_Movements_in_North_East_India/-3FJEfU3swcC?hl=sv&gbpv=1&dq=Social+Movements+in+North-East+India&pg=PP4&printsec=frontcover |title=Social Movements in North-East India |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |year=1998 |editor-last=Karna |editor-first=Mahendra Narain |location=New Delhi |pages=140-141 |language=en |chapter=Youth Movement in Nagaland}}</ref>

NPMHR's first event was organising a Human Rights Week in Nagaland to observe the 30th Anniversary of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] (UDHR). At the village-level meetings organised as part of the initiative, many recounted "the frequent torture, hunger and humiliation heaped upon them by the Indian Armed Forces."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Haksar |first=Nandita |author-link=Nandita Haksar |date=1985 |title=Naga People's Movement for Human Rights: A Report |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4375114 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=20 |issue=50 |pages=2201–2203 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref> They recorded instances of, [[public execution]], [[mass sexual assault]], [[Genital modification and mutilation|violent genital mutiliation]], [[Electrical injury|electrical shocks]], body mutilation, [[torture]], burning of villages, granaries and crops, [[Concentration camp|concentration camps]], [[starvation]] and [[forced labour]].<ref name=":2" />

NPMHR then organised a human rights conference in [[Ukhrul]] in 1985 for human rights activists from India to visit and exchange experiences with Naga activists. The town was then under army control instead of civil administration, and had faced some of the most severe repression in contemporary times. Some of those present for the meeting included, Thinoselie M. Keyho (later, [[Naga National Council]]), Mowu Gwizan (National Workers Association), Tiala Gwizan (National Workers Association), [[Neidonuo Angami]] ([[Naga Mothers' Association]]), [[Akshay Ramanlal Desai]], [[Gobinda Mukhoty]] (president, [[People's Union for Democratic Rights]]), Jagmohan Singh (general secretary, Association for Democratic Rights), [[Xavier Dias]] (trade unionist), [[Thomas Kocherry]] (chairman, National Fisheries' Forum, Paul Raj (Indian Peoples Front), Tarun Kumar (editor, Resistance), Saswati Ghosh, and [[Vemetsu Tetseo]] (editor, [[Oking Times]]) among others.<ref name=":0" />

In 1993 NPMHR, along with several other Naga organisations, celebrated the 'Naga Week' observing the [[United Nations|United Nations']] [[International Year for the World's Indigenous People]]. At this meeting, the Naga peoples and participating organisations adopted the declaration which stated,

* Our Right to live as a people through unification of all Naga areas;
* The Right to be free from the clutches of occupational forces; and
* The Right to have the United Nations recognition of the Naga country as a Sovereign Nation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-12-12 |title=Multilayered tools have been engaged to silence our resolve for freedom: NPMHR |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/multilayered-tools-have-been-engaged-to-silence-our-resolve-for-freedom-npmhr/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Leadership ==
Neingulo Krome is NPMHR's secretary general. He has previously been a member of the executive council of the [[Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact]] (AIPP). Since 2020, the Government of India has imposed various travel restrictions on Krome. In 2020 he was barred from international travel to engage in advocacy without formal legal proceedings against him. In April 2025, he was once again barred from boarding an international flight to attend international advocacy meetings. He was on his way to [[Kathmandu]] to attend a conference organised by AIPP, following which he was scheduled to access medical treatment abroad. He was informed that his passport had been cancelled, without any further explanation. The [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]] (UNPO) issued a condemnation in this regard.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=UNPO Condemns Harassment of Naga Human Rights Defender Mr. Neingulo Krome by Indian Authorities |url=https://unpo.org/unpo-condemns-harassment-of-naga-human-rights-defender-mr-neingulo-krome-by-indian-authorities/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Legal advocacy ==
The ''Naga People’s Movement of Human Rights v. Union of India''<ref>''Naga People’s Movement for Human Rights v. Union of'' ''India'' (1997), 2 SCC 109.</ref> was a landmark court case in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naga People’s Movement of Human Rights Vs. Union of India |url=https://jkilsfoundation.com/naga-peoples-movement-of-human-rights-vs-union-of-india/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=JKILS Foundation}}</ref> The Supreme Court emphasised that, as per the provisions of AFSPA, any place can be declared "disturbed" only for a limited time. This declaration must be reviewed every six months. The extension can be imposed only if assistance of armed forces was essential for civil administration, as mentioned in the law.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doshi |first=Kosha |last2=Saikia |first2=Bandana |date=2022-02-04 |title=The Case of Nagaland: Addressing Controversial Provisions of the Armed Forces Act in India |url=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2022/02/doshi-saikia-armed-forces-act-nagaland-india/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=www.jurist.org |language=en-US}}</ref> However, many viewed this case as a loss for Naga people as the court upheld the constitutionality of AFSPA and refused to quash it.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chasie |first=Charles |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep06512.pdf |title=The State Strikes Back: India and the Naga Insurgency |last2=Hazarika |first2=Sanjoy |publisher=East West Center |year=2009 |location=Washington D. C. |language=en}}</ref> Nevertheless, the case provided a basis for the 2017 judgement in the ''Extra-judicial Execution Victims Family Association (EEVFAM) v. Union of India'' case.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2017 |title=Naga People's Movement of Human Rights vs Union of India |url=https://slic.org.in/publication/naga-peopleaposs-movement-of-human-rights-vs-union-of-india |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=Socio-Legal Information Centre |language=en}}</ref>

NPMHR also took the [[Indian Army]] to court for its violence against civilians in [[Oinam]] during [[Operation Bluebird]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zehol |first=Lucy |author-link=Lucy Zehol |url=https://www.google.se/books/edition/Social_Movements_in_North_East_India/-3FJEfU3swcC?hl=sv&gbpv=1&dq=Social+Movements+in+North-East+India&pg=PP4&printsec=frontcover |title=Social Movements in North-East India |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |year=1998 |editor-last=Karna |editor-first=Mahendra Narain |location=New Delhi |pages=72 |language=en |chapter=Women's Movement in Manipur: Some observations}}</ref>

In 1992 after [[S. C. Jamir]] was shot in Nagaland House,<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=20 November 1992 |title=Jamir shot at in Delhi |work=[[The Times of India]] |page=1 |agency=PTI}}</ref> several students from Northeast India studying in Delhi were harassed by the police in the course of the investigation. Students from the [[Tangkhul people|Tangkhul Naga]] community were singled out for special attention. NPMHR along with [[People's Union for Democratic Rights]] (PUDR) condemned excessive police harassment against the students by ordering them to report at the police station, detaining them, searching their rooms, and confiscating their belonging. They worked closely in getting detained students release from custody.<ref>{{Cite news |last=The Times of India News Service |date=24 December 1992 |title=North-East students allegedly harassed |work=[[The Times of India]] |page=10}}</ref>

== Campaigns ==
NPMHR issued a condemnation of the [[2023–2025 Manipur violence]] asking that "there should be no misdiagnosis of this conflict as a 'law and order' problem or an ethnic and religious clash.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NPMHR |date=22 July 2023 |title=Any promise from GoI on Manipur will be at cost of more lives unless there is genuine interest in building region: NPMHR |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/any-promise-from-goi-on-manipur-will-be-at-cost-of-more-lives-unless-there-is-genuine-interest-in-building-region-npmhr/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

Tracing back to its roots, NPMHR annually commemorates the UDHR at various locations. In 2023, it reasserted the 1993 declaration of the right to live "as a people through unification of all Naga areas."<ref name=":1" />

== Former members ==

* [[Nandita Haksar]], advocate and writer
* [[Dolly Kikon]], anthropologist
* [[Aküm Longchari]], publisher, ''[[The Morung Express]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Co-founder & managing director of daily newspaper in Nagaland – Peacebuilder Online |url=https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/2010/12/akum-longchari/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=emu.edu}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Naga Students' Union, Delhi]]
* [[Forum for Naga Reconciliation]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Asia]]
[[Category:Political organizations established in 1978]]
[[Category:Human rights organizations based in Asia]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Nagaland]]
}}

Naga People's Movement for Human Rights - Revision history

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