Nadr ibn al-Harith - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|Arab Physician (d. 624 CE)}}		{{Short description\|Arab Physician (d. 624 CE)}}
	[[File:Ali Beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the Presence of the Prophet Muhammad. Miniature from volume 4 of a copy of Mustafa al-Darir’s Siyar-i-Nabi. Istanbul; c. 1594 The David Col..jpg\|thumb\|A painting from [[Siyer-i Nebi]], [[Ali]] beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the presence of [[Muhammad]] and his [[~~Sahaba~~\|companions]].]]		[[File:Ali Beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the Presence of the Prophet Muhammad. Miniature from volume 4 of a copy of Mustafa al-Darir’s Siyar-i-Nabi. Istanbul; c. 1594 The David Col..jpg\|thumb\|A painting from [[Siyer-i Nebi]], [[Ali]] beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the presence of [[Muhammad]] and his [[companions of Muhammad\|companions]].]]
	'''~~Al-Naḍr~~ ibn al-~~Ḥārith~~ ibn ~~ʿAlqama~~ ibn Kalada ibn ~~ʿAbd Manāf ibn [[~~Abd al-~~Dar~~ ibn ~~Qusai\|~~Abd al-~~Dār]]~~ ibn [[Qusayy ~~ibn Kilab\|Quṣayy]]~~''' ({{~~Lang-~~ar\|~~النضر إبن~~ الحارث}}~~) (d. 624 CE~~) was an [[Arab~~]] [[pagan~~]] [[physician]] who is considered one of the greatest [[~~Qurayshi~~]] opponents to the [[Islam]]ic prophet [[Muhammad]]. He was captured after the [[Battle of Badr]] as one of the pagan fighters and flag-bearers ~~and~~ was sentenced to death ~~“for~~ his participation and persecution of Muhammed and Muslims in [[Mecca]]”.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=Al-Mubarakpuri \|first=Safi-Ur-Rahman \|title=The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-mMakhtum): Biography of the Noble prophet \|publisher=Darussalam Publications \|date=2015 \|isbn=978-1591440710 \|edition=Revised \|page=274}}</ref> The ~~other reason was that he used to defeat Mohammad during debates to the point of humiliation. The~~ execution was conducted by [[Ali~~\|Ali Ibn Abi Talib~~]] by beheading him in front of Muhammad and [[Companions of the Prophet\|companions]] at [[As Safra'\|as-Safra']], before they had returned to [[Medina]] from the battle.		'''Nadr ibn al-Harith ibn Alqama ibn Kalada ibn Abd al-Manaf ibn Abd al-Dar ibn Qusayy''' ({{Langx\|ar\|نضر بن الحارث\|Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith}}) was an [[Arab]] [[physician]] who is considered one of the greatest [[Quraysh]]i opponents to the [[Islam]]ic prophet [[Muhammad]]. He was captured after the [[Battle of Badr]] as one of the pagan fighters and flag-bearers. He was sentenced to death for his participation and persecution of Muhammed and Muslims in [[Mecca]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=Al-Mubarakpuri \|first=Safi-Ur-Rahman \|title=The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-mMakhtum): Biography of the Noble prophet \|publisher=Darussalam Publications \|date=2015 \|isbn=978-1591440710 \|edition=Revised \|page=274}}</ref> The [[execution]] was conducted by [[Ali]] by beheading him in front of Muhammad and his [[Companions of the Prophet\|companions]] at [[as Safra'\|as-Safra']] before they had returned to [[Medina]] from the battle.

	According to the [[~~Prophetic biography\|Seerah~~]], two captives ~~– Al~~-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith and [[~~'Uqbah~~ ibn ~~Abū~~ Mu'~~ayṭ~~]] were executed during this event, the former by [[Ali]] and the latter by Asim ~~bin~~ Thabit ~~Al-Ansari~~. According to Professor Sarah Bowen Savant, the event is claimed to have inspired Nadr's ~~relative~~ [[Qutayla ukht al-Nadr~~\|Qutayla~~]] to compose an elegy on his death, upbraiding Muhammad for the execution.<ref>Sarah Bowen Savant, ''The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory and Conversion'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 176. E.g. ''Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary'', trans. by Bn Mac Guckin de Slane, Oriental Translation Fund (Series), 57, 4 vols (Paris: Printed for the Oriental translation fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1842-71), I 372.</ref>		According to the ''[[Sīrah]]'', two captives, al-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith and [[Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt\|ʿUqbah ibn Abī Muʿayṭ]], were [[executed]] during this event, the former by Ali and the latter by [[Asim ibn Thabit]]. According to Professor Sarah Bowen Savant, the event is claimed to have inspired Nadr's sister, [[Qutayla ukht al-Nadr]], to compose an elegy on his death, upbraiding Muhammad for the execution.<ref>Sarah Bowen Savant, ''The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory and Conversion'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 176. E.g. ''Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary'', trans. by Bn Mac Guckin de Slane, Oriental Translation Fund (Series), 57, 4 vols (Paris: Printed for the Oriental translation fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1842-71), I 372.</ref>

	==Life==		==Life==
	During the Meccan period, Nadr was known as one of the authors a document advocating for the boycott of the small Muslim community by withholding the sale of any goods, effectively leading to their starvation.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Ibn Kathir \|title=Bidaya Wa Nihaya \|edition=Volume 2 \|pages=30–31 \|translator-last=Le Gassick \|translator-first=Trevor}}</ref> He is also considered one of the greatest opponents to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his message during the Meccan era, and a propeller of their persecution.<ref name=":0" /> Per Islamic ~~traditionists~~ like [[Muqatil ibn Sulayman]], Nadr had also accused Muhammad of plagiarism in his Quranic verses based on the stories of ancient people. He was captured after the [[Battle of Badr]] after his army was defeated in their offensive and was executed for his participation and involvements in Meccan persecutions. [[~~Mohar Ali\|Muhammad~~ Mohar Ali]] also names Al-Nadr as one of the assassins who tried to kill Muhammad before ~~his migration~~ to Medina. British [[Orientalism\|Orientalist]] [[David Samuel Margoliouth]], however, claims that he was executed for his challenge and ridiculing Muhammad, and that this version is supported by some ninth and tenth-century Muslim sources including [[Tabari]] who cites an oral report of Muhammad justifying his order on basis of Nadr accusing him.<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9U4CAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA174\|title=The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory, and Conversion\|author=Sarah Boven Savant\|date=30 September 2013\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|pages=174, 175\|isbn=978-1107292314}}</ref> [[Al-Waqidi]] mentions a report that when Nadr asked the Muslims why he was to be executed, they replied that it was for his persecuting and torturing the Muslim as well as ridiculing the Quran.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The Life of Muhammad: Al-Waqidi's Kitab Al-Maghazi\|author=Rizwi Faizer\|date=5 September 2013\|publisher=Routledge\|pages=53, 54\|isbn=978-1136921148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic economics, Volume 3\|publisher=al-Majlis al-'Ilmī bi-Jāmi'at al-Malik 'Abd al-'Azīz\|page=106}}</ref>		During the Meccan period, Nadr ibn alharits was known as one of the authors a document advocating for the boycott of the small Muslim community by withholding the sale of any goods, effectively leading to their starvation.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Ibn Kathir \|title=Bidaya Wa Nihaya \|edition=Volume 2 \|pages=30–31 \|translator-last=Le Gassick \|translator-first=Trevor}}</ref> He is also considered one of the greatest opponents to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his message during the Meccan era, and a propeller of their persecution.<ref name=":0" /> Per Islamic traditionalists like [[Muqatil ibn Sulayman]], Al-Nadr had also accused Muhammad of plagiarism in his Quranic verses based on the stories of ancient people.

			Al-Nadr was captured after the [[Battle of Badr]] after his army was defeated in their offensive and was executed for his participation and involvements in Meccan persecutions. [[Mohar Ali]] also names Al-Nadr as one of the assassins who tried to kill Muhammad before he migrated to Medina. British [[Orientalism\|Orientalist]] [[David Samuel Margoliouth]], however, claims that he was executed for his challenge and ridiculing Muhammad, and that this version is supported by some ninth and tenth-century Muslim sources, including [[al-Tabari]], who cites an oral report of Muhammad justifying his order on the basis of Nadr accusing him.<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9U4CAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA174\|title=The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory, and Conversion\|author=Sarah Boven Savant\|date=30 September 2013\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|pages=174, 175\|isbn=978-1107292314}}</ref> [[Al-Waqidi]] mentions a report that when Nadr asked the Muslims why he was to be executed, they replied that it was for his persecuting and torturing the Muslim as well as ridiculing the Quran.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The Life of Muhammad: Al-Waqidi's Kitab Al-Maghazi\|author=Rizwi Faizer\|date=5 September 2013\|publisher=Routledge\|pages=53, 54\|isbn=978-1136921148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic economics, Volume 3\|publisher=al-Majlis al-'Ilmī bi-Jāmi'at al-Malik 'Abd al-'Azīz\|page=106}}</ref>

	==Quran verse about the beheading of an-Nadir bin al-Harith==		==Quran verse about the beheading of an-Nadir bin al-Harith==
	{{See also\|Capital punishment in Islam}}		{{See also\|Capital punishment in Islam}}
	Ibn Kathir ~~also mentions this incident in his~~ book ''[[Tafsir Ibn Kathir]]'' ~~and states~~ the ~~Quran~~ verse Quran 8:31 was revealed about ~~an-~~Nadir bin al-Harith. Ibn Kathir's commentary on Quran 8:31 and Quran 8:5 is as follows:<ref>{{Quran-usc\|8\|31\|style=ref}} and {{Quran-usc\|8\|5\|style=ref}}</ref><ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k8kH-dzOKFIC&pg=PA412 The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 3) 2nd Edition], p. 412, {{ISBN\|1861797699}}, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140721082126/http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1549&Itemid=63 online])</ref>		In Ibn Kathir's book ''"[[Tafsir Ibn Kathir]]"'', he claims in his [[tafsir]] that the verse Quran 8:31 was revealed about Nadir bin al-Harith, despite no direct mention of him or his execution in the Quran itself. Ibn Kathir's commentary on Quran 8:31 and Quran 8:5 is as follows:<ref>{{Quran-usc\|8\|31\|style=ref}} and {{Quran-usc\|8\|5\|style=ref}}</ref><ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k8kH-dzOKFIC&pg=PA412 The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 3) 2nd Edition], p. 412, {{ISBN\|1861797699}}, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140721082126/http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1549&Itemid=63 online])</ref>
	{{cquote\|bgcolor=#F0FFF0\|		{{cquote\|bgcolor=#F0FFF0\|
	An-Nadr visited Persia and learned the stories of some Persian kings, such as [[Rostam\|Rustum]] and [[Esfandiyār\|Isphandiyar]]. When he went back to Makkah, He found that the Prophet was reciting the [[ayat]]s of Qur'an sent from [[Allah]] to the people. Whenever the Prophet would leave an audience in which an-Nadr was sitting, an-Nadr began narrating to them the stories that he learned in Persia, proclaiming afterwards, ''Who, by Allah, has better tales to narrate, I or Muhammad''. When Allah allowed the Muslims to capture an-Nadr in Badr, the Messenger of Allah commanded that his head be cut off before him, and that was done, all thanks are due to Allah. The meaning of,		An-Nadr visited Persia and learned the stories of some Persian kings, such as [[Rostam\|Rustum]] and [[Esfandiyār\|Isphandiyar]]. When he went back to Makkah, he found that the Prophet was reciting the [[ayat]]s of Qur'an sent from [[Allah]] to the people. Whenever the Prophet would leave an audience in which an-Nadr was sitting, an-Nadr began narrating to them the stories that he learned in Persia, proclaiming afterwards, ''Who, by Allah, has better tales to narrate, I or Muhammad''. When Allah allowed the Muslims to capture an-Nadr in Badr, the Messenger of Allah commanded that his head be cut off before him, and that was done, all thanks are due to Allah. The meaning of,

	(...tales of the ancients)		(...tales of the ancients)
	[Tafsir [[Ibn Kathir]], on [[Quran 8:31]]]		[Tafsir [[Ibn Kathir]], on [[Quran 8:31]]]
	}}		}}

			In addition, the actual execution and death of, the Prophet's nemesis, al-Nadr bin al-Harith, is attested to in the [[Sunnah]] [[Hadith]] tradition;
			{{cquote\|bgcolor=#F0FFF0\|
			"She told <ref> Arabic وَعَنْهَا:, Lit. "''on her authority:''"-The record is not clear as to who exactly "She" is, however, the prior ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'' Hadith, No. 3970, is on the authority of [[Muhammad]]'s youngest wife, [[‘A’isha]], and thus she is the natural choice, for any speculation, regarding any purported origins of this Hadith.</ref> that when God’s Messenger took prisoners of the people at Badr, he killed ‘Uqba b. Aba Mu'ait and an-Nadr ibn al-Harith, but showed favour to Abu ‘Azza al-Jumahi." (It is transmitted in ''Sharh as Sunna'')
			[''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'', Hadith No. 3971]<ref>''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'', Hadith No. 3971, or In-book reference: Book No. 19, Hadith No. 183..
			"''Sharh as Sunna''", translates roughly to "''Explanations of the Customs''"(of the Prophet); https://sunnah.com/mishkat:3971</ref>}}

			== "A questioner"==
			According to several highly regarded tafsirs, al-Nadr ibn al-Harith, is described in ''Surah [[Al-Maʻārij]]'' ([[Arabic]]: المعارج, "The Ascents") [''Quran'' 70:1–3] as;
			{{cquote\|bgcolor=#F0FFF0\|
			"A questioner asked about a Penalty to befall, The Unbelievers, the which there is none to ward off, (A Penalty) from Allah, Lord of the Ways of Ascent..."
			[''Quran'' 70:1-3]<ref>''The Meaning of the Holy Qu'ran'', (formerly titled ''[[The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary]]''), translated by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, 11th Ed., 2006, Amana Publications</ref>}}

			In the commentary (tafsir), of [[ibn Abbas]] (''[[Tanwir al-Miqbas]] min Tafsir ibn Abbas''), al-Nadr ibn al-Harith, is specifically named as being "A questioner". Thus, he is portrayed as a fierce, unrelenting critic and a challenger to the Prophet [[Muhammad]], and the ''[[Quran]]'', during the Prophet's early Meccan ministry;
			{{cquote\|bgcolor=#F0FFF0\|
			"And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (A questioner questioned): '(A questioner questioned) a caller: i.e. al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith, called (concerning the doom about to fall upon the disbelievers) while he is himself a disbeliever, (which none can repel) and so he was killed in captivity on the Day of Badr."<ref>''[[Tanwir al-Miqbas]] min Tafsir ibn Abbas'',on ''[[Quran]]'' 70:1-2; https://quranx.com/Tafsirs/70.1 & https://quranx.com/Tafsirs/70.2</ref>}}

			Al-Nadr bin al Harith, is also described as being the "a petitioner"/"a supplicator" of ''[[Quran]]'' 70:1, by the commentary ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'':<ref> Note: The ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'', is also known as, ''The Commentary of the Two Jalals''</ref>
			{{cquote\|bgcolor=#F0FFF0\|
			"A petitioner petitioned, a supplicator supplicated [for], an impending chastisement— which in the case of the disbelievers none can avert: this was al-Nadr b. al-Hārith, who [''also''] said, ‘O God, if this be indeed the truth from You …then rain down upon us stones from the heaven’ [''Q.'' 8:32]."<ref>''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'', on ''[[Quran]]'' 70:1-2; https://quranx.com/Tafsirs/70.1 & https://quranx.com/Tafsirs/70.2 </ref>}}

	==See also==		==See also==
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	[[Category:7th-century executions]]		[[Category:7th-century executions]]
	[[Category:624 deaths]]		[[Category:624 deaths]]
			[[Category:Opponents of Muhammad]]

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{{Short description|Arab Physician (d. 624 CE)}}
[[File:Ali Beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the Presence of the Prophet Muhammad. Miniature from volume 4 of a copy of Mustafa al-Darir’s Siyar-i-Nabi. Istanbul; c. 1594 The David Col..jpg|thumb|A painting from [[Siyer-i Nebi]], [[Ali]] beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the presence of [[Muhammad]] and his [[Sahaba|companions]].]]
'''Al-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith ibn ʿAlqama ibn Kalada ibn ʿAbd Manāf ibn [[Abd al-Dar ibn Qusai|Abd al-Dār]] ibn [[Qusayy ibn Kilab|Quṣayy]]''' ({{Lang-ar|النضر إبن الحارث}}) (d. 624 CE) was an [[Arab]] [[pagan]] [[physician]] who is considered one of the greatest [[Qurayshi]] opponents to the [[Islam]]ic prophet [[Muhammad]]. He was captured after the [[Battle of Badr]] as one of the pagan fighters and flag-bearers and was sentenced to death “for his participation and persecution of Muhammed and Muslims in [[Mecca]]”.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Al-Mubarakpuri |first=Safi-Ur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-mMakhtum): Biography of the Noble prophet |publisher=Darussalam Publications |date=2015 |isbn=978-1591440710 |edition=Revised |page=274}}</ref> The other reason was that he used to defeat Mohammad during debates to the point of humiliation. The execution was conducted by [[Ali|Ali Ibn Abi Talib]] by beheading him in front of Muhammad and [[Companions of the Prophet|companions]] at [[As Safra'|as-Safra']], before they had returned to [[Medina]] from the battle.

According to the [[Prophetic biography|Seerah]], two captives – Al-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith and [['Uqbah ibn Abū Mu'ayṭ]] were executed during this event, the former by [[Ali]] and the latter by Asim bin Thabit Al-Ansari. According to Professor Sarah Bowen Savant, the event is claimed to have inspired Nadr's relative [[Qutayla ukht al-Nadr|Qutayla]] to compose an elegy on his death, upbraiding Muhammad for the execution.<ref>Sarah Bowen Savant, ''The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory and Conversion'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 176. E.g. ''Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary'', trans. by Bn Mac Guckin de Slane, Oriental Translation Fund (Series), 57, 4 vols (Paris: Printed for the Oriental translation fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1842-71), I 372.</ref>

==Life==
During the Meccan period, Nadr was known as one of the authors a document advocating for the boycott of the small Muslim community by withholding the sale of any goods, effectively leading to their starvation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |title=Bidaya Wa Nihaya |edition=Volume 2 |pages=30–31 |translator-last=Le Gassick |translator-first=Trevor}}</ref> He is also considered one of the greatest opponents to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his message during the Meccan era, and a propeller of their persecution.<ref name=":0" /> Per Islamic traditionists like [[Muqatil ibn Sulayman]], Nadr had also accused Muhammad of plagiarism in his Quranic verses based on the stories of ancient people. He was captured after the [[Battle of Badr]] after his army was defeated in their offensive and was executed for his participation and involvements in Meccan persecutions. [[Mohar Ali|Muhammad Mohar Ali]] also names Al-Nadr as one of the assassins who tried to kill Muhammad before his migration to Medina. British [[Orientalism|Orientalist]] [[David Samuel Margoliouth]], however, claims that he was executed for his challenge and ridiculing Muhammad, and that this version is supported by some ninth and tenth-century Muslim sources including [[Tabari]] who cites an oral report of Muhammad justifying his order on basis of Nadr accusing him.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9U4CAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|title=The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory, and Conversion|author=Sarah Boven Savant|date=30 September 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=174, 175|isbn=978-1107292314}}</ref> [[Al-Waqidi]] mentions a report that when Nadr asked the Muslims why he was to be executed, they replied that it was for his persecuting and torturing the Muslim as well as ridiculing the Quran.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Life of Muhammad: Al-Waqidi's Kitab Al-Maghazi|author=Rizwi Faizer|date=5 September 2013|publisher=Routledge|pages=53, 54|isbn=978-1136921148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic economics, Volume 3|publisher=al-Majlis al-'Ilmī bi-Jāmi'at al-Malik 'Abd al-'Azīz|page=106}}</ref>

==Quran verse about the beheading of an-Nadir bin al-Harith==
{{See also|Capital punishment in Islam}}
Ibn Kathir also mentions this incident in his book ''[[Tafsir Ibn Kathir]]'' and states the Quran verse Quran 8:31 was revealed about an-Nadir bin al-Harith. Ibn Kathir's commentary on Quran 8:31 and Quran 8:5 is as follows:<ref>{{Quran-usc|8|31|style=ref}} and {{Quran-usc|8|5|style=ref}}</ref><ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k8kH-dzOKFIC&pg=PA412 The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 3) 2nd Edition], p. 412, {{ISBN|1861797699}}, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140721082126/http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1549&Itemid=63 online])</ref>
{{cquote|bgcolor=#F0FFF0|
An-Nadr visited Persia and learned the stories of some Persian kings, such as [[Rostam|Rustum]] and [[Esfandiyār|Isphandiyar]]. When he went back to Makkah, He found that the Prophet was reciting the [[ayat]]s of Qur'an sent from [[Allah]] to the people. Whenever the Prophet would leave an audience in which an-Nadr was sitting, an-Nadr began narrating to them the stories that he learned in Persia, proclaiming afterwards, ''Who, by Allah, has better tales to narrate, I or Muhammad''. When Allah allowed the Muslims to capture an-Nadr in Badr, the Messenger of Allah commanded that his head be cut off before him, and that was done, all thanks are due to Allah. The meaning of,

(...tales of the ancients)
[Tafsir [[Ibn Kathir]], on [[Quran 8:31]]]
}}

==See also==
*[[Hejaz]]
*[[List of expeditions of Muhammad]]
*[[Qutayla ukht al-Nadr]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:7th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Place of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Place of death unknown]]
[[Category:People executed by decapitation]]
[[Category:7th-century executions]]
[[Category:624 deaths]]