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← Older revision		Revision as of 01:34, 18 March 2026
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	{{More citations needed\|date=August 2021}}{{Infobox military conflict		{{short description\|1739 Afsharid conquest in India}}
	\| conflict = Nader's Sindh ~~Expedition~~		{{More citations needed\|date=August 2021}}
			{{Infobox military conflict
			\| conflict = Nader Shah's Sindh expedition
	\| partof = [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire]] & [[Nader's Campaigns]]		\| partof = [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire]] & [[Nader's Campaigns]]
	\| image = Rani Kot48a.jpg		\| image = Rani Kot48a.jpg
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	\| date = Early July 1739 – Late February 1740		\| date = Early July 1739 – Late February 1740
	\| place = [[Hindu Kush]] & [[Sindh]]		\| place = [[Hindu Kush]] & [[Sindh]]
	\| result = ~~Persian~~ victory		\| result = Afsharid victory
	\| territory = The Persian Empire subjugates Sindh and solidifies its hold on the rest of the newly annexed lands from the Mughal Empire.<ref>Axworthy, Michael (2009). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant,p. 278. I. B. Tauris</ref>		\| territory = The Persian Empire subjugates [[Sindh]] and solidifies its hold on the rest of the newly annexed lands from the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref name="Axworthy 2009 p278">Axworthy, Michael (2009). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant, p. 278. I. B. Tauris</ref>
	\| combatant1 = [[File:Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg\|36px]] [[Afsharid Iran\|Persian Empire]]		\| combatant1 = [[File:Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg\|36px]] [[Afsharid Iran\|Persian Empire]]
	\| combatant2 = [[Kalhora ~~Dynasty~~]]		\| combatant2 = {{flagicon image\|Black flag.svg}} [[Kalhora dynasty]]
	\| commander1 = [[Nader Shah]]		\| commander1 = [[Nader Shah]]
	\| commander2 = [[~~Mian Sarfraz~~ Kalhoro ~~(Khudayar Khan)~~]]{{POW}}		\| commander2 = [[Noor Mohammad Kalhoro]]{{POW}}<ref>Mirza, kalich beg(1902). The history of Sindh Mirza kalich beg part two, p. 148.</ref>
	\| strength1 = Unknown		\| strength1 = Unknown
	\| strength2 = Unknown		\| strength2 = Unknown
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	}}		}}

	The '''Sindh ~~Expedition~~''' was one of [[Nader Shah]]'s last campaigns during [[Nader Shah's invasion of ~~the Mughal Empire~~\|his war in northern India]]. After his victory over [[Muhammad Shah]], the [[Mughal Emperor]], Nader had compelled him to cede all the lands to the west of the [[Indus ~~river~~]]. His return to this region from [[Delhi]] was honoured by all the governors of the newly annexed territories save for [[~~Mian Sarfraz~~ Kalhoro (Khudayar Khan)\|~~Khodayar-khan~~]], ruler of [[Sindh]], who was conspicuously absent despite being given a summons like the rest of the governors.		The '''Sindh expedition''' was one of [[Nader Shah]]'s last campaigns during [[Nader Shah's invasion of India\|his war in northern India]]. After his victory over [[Muhammad Shah]], the [[List of emperors of the Mughal Empire\|Mughal Emperor]], Nader had compelled him to cede all the lands to the west of the [[Indus River]]. His return to this region from [[Delhi]] was honoured by all the governors of the newly annexed territories save for [[Noor Mohammad Kalhoro\|Khudayar Khan]],{{efn\|''Khudayar Khan'' was a title given to [[Noor Mohammad Kalhoro]], the amir of Sind by [[Muhammad Shah]].}} ruler of [[Sindh]], who was conspicuously absent despite being given a summons like the rest of the governors.

	==Nader's descent onto Sindh==		==Nader's descent onto Sindh==
	Nader set out across the [[Hindu Kush]] mountains on a 1,700 kilometre journey which came to a close within 2 months.<ref>Axworthy~~, Michael (~~2009~~). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant,p. 278. I. B. Tauris<~~/~~ref~~> The astonished Khodayar~~-khan~~ was caught completely off balance and could not gather forces to resist, given the unexpected emergence of the Imperial army as well as the rapidity of its advance into his lands. Completely dismayed and demoralised he surrendered himself to Nader, whence he was chained and all his personal wealth including his treasury confiscated. After the intercedence of a sympathetic governor, Nader reinstated Khodayar~~-khan~~ as the ruler of Sindh.		Nader set out across the [[Hindu Kush]] mountains on a 1,700 kilometre journey which came to a close within 2 months.<ref name="Axworthy 2009 p278"/> The astonished Khodayar Khan was caught completely off balance and could not gather forces to resist, given the unexpected emergence of the Imperial army as well as the rapidity of its advance into his lands. Completely dismayed and demoralised he surrendered himself to Nader, whence he was chained and all his personal wealth including his treasury confiscated. After the intercedence of a sympathetic governor, Nader reinstated Khodayar Khan as the ruler of Sindh. He left a few [[Afsharid Dynasty\|Afsharid]] [[Qizilbash]] cavalrymen and trusted functionaries in different areas of the territory to maintain his rule and crush any further subversion. The descendants of these officials have fully assimilated into the Sindhi culture as of now and the ones that were particularly installed in [[Shikarpur, Sindh\|Shikarpur]] assimilated into the surrounding majority resident [[Pashtun]] population.

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire]]		* [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire]]
	* [[Battle of Khyber ~~pass~~]]		* [[Battle of Khyber Pass]]
	* [[Battle of Karnal]]		* [[Battle of Karnal]]

			==Notes==
			{{notelist}}

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
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	* Lockhart, Laurence, Nadir Shah; A Critical Study Based Mainly Upon Contemporary Sources, London, Luzac & Co 1938		* Lockhart, Laurence, Nadir Shah; A Critical Study Based Mainly Upon Contemporary Sources, London, Luzac & Co 1938

	~~==References==~~		[[Category:Military history of Sindh]]
	~~{{Reflist}}~~		[[Category:1739 in India]]
			[[Category:1740 in India]]
	[[Category:~~Wars~~ involving ~~the Mughal Empire~~]]		[[Category:Battles involving Afsharid Iran]]
	[[Category:~~Wars~~ involving ~~Afsharid Iran~~]]		[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
	[[Category:~~History of Sindh~~]]		[[Category:Sind State]]

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{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Nader's Sindh Expedition
| partof = [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire]] & [[Nader's Campaigns]]
| image = Rani Kot48a.jpg
| alt = Rani Kot48a
| image_size = 360px
| caption = Nader's expedition took him from the freezing heights of the [[Hindu Kush]] to the scorching heat of the Sindh valley over some of the most rugged terrain in Asia which was also host to a myriad of fortresses & strongholds.
| date = Early July 1739 – Late February 1740
| place = [[Hindu Kush]] & [[Sindh]]
| result = Persian victory
| territory = The Persian Empire subjugates Sindh and solidifies its hold on the rest of the newly annexed lands from the Mughal Empire.<ref>Axworthy, Michael (2009). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant,p. 278. I. B. Tauris</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg|36px]] [[Afsharid Iran|Persian Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[Kalhora Dynasty]]
| commander1 = [[Nader Shah]]
| commander2 = [[Mian Sarfraz Kalhoro (Khudayar Khan)]]{{POW}}
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| campaignbox = {{Campaingbox Nader}}
}}

The '''Sindh Expedition''' was one of [[Nader Shah]]'s last campaigns during [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire|his war in northern India]]. After his victory over [[Muhammad Shah]], the [[Mughal Emperor]], Nader had compelled him to cede all the lands to the west of the [[Indus river]]. His return to this region from [[Delhi]] was honoured by all the governors of the newly annexed territories save for [[Mian Sarfraz Kalhoro (Khudayar Khan)|Khodayar-khan]], ruler of [[Sindh]], who was conspicuously absent despite being given a summons like the rest of the governors.

==Nader's descent onto Sindh==
Nader set out across the [[Hindu Kush]] mountains on a 1,700 kilometre journey which came to a close within 2 months.<ref>Axworthy, Michael (2009). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant,p. 278. I. B. Tauris</ref> The astonished Khodayar-khan was caught completely off balance and could not gather forces to resist, given the unexpected emergence of the Imperial army as well as the rapidity of its advance into his lands. Completely dismayed and demoralised he surrendered himself to Nader, whence he was chained and all his personal wealth including his treasury confiscated. After the intercedence of a sympathetic governor, Nader reinstated Khodayar-khan as the ruler of Sindh.

==See also==
* [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire]]
* [[Battle of Khyber pass]]
* [[Battle of Karnal]]

==Further reading==
* Axworthy, Michael, Nader Shah: The Sword of Persia, From Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant, I.B. Tauris, 2009
* Lockhart, Laurence, Nadir Shah; A Critical Study Based Mainly Upon Contemporary Sources, London, Luzac & Co 1938

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wars involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Wars involving Afsharid Iran]]
[[Category:History of Sindh]]

Nader Shah's Sindh expedition - Revision history

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