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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Music}}~~
	* [[Tavil]]		* [[Tavil]]

2600:1010:B046:AD0B:24FE:236B:43CA:C47A at 05:34, 28 August 2021

2021-08-28T05:34:14Z

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{{Redirect|Nadhaswaram|the Tamil TV series|Nadhaswaram (TV series)}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}

The '''nādasvaram''' ({{lang-hi|नादस्वरम}}; {{lang-ml|നാദസ്വരം}}; {{lang-te|నాదస్వరం}}), '''nāgasvaram''' ({{lang-hi|नागस्वरम}}), '''nātacuvaram''' ([https://ta.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D]{{lang-ta|நாதசுவரம்|links=}}), '''nāyanam''' ({{lang-ta|நாயனம்}}), '''nāgasvara''' ({{lang-kn|ನಾಗಸ್ವರ}}), or variously spelled as '''nadaswaram''', '''nadhaswaram''', '''nagaswaram''', '''nataswaram''' and '''nathaswaram''', is a [[double reed]] [[wind instrument]] from [[South India]] . It is used as a traditional [[Carnatic music|classical]] instrument in Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala.

This instrument is "among the world's loudest non-brass acoustic instruments".<ref>{{cite news|title=Reality show India's Got Talent - Khoj 2 winners to sing for Obama|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/reality-show-indias-got-talent--khoj-2-winners-to-sing-for-obama/1/118399.html|access-date=9 January 2012|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=31 October 2010}}</ref> It is a [[wind instrument]] partially similar to the [[North India]]n ''[[shehnai]]'' but much longer, with a [[hardwood]] body and a large flaring bell made of wood or metal.

In South Indian culture, the nadaswaram is considered to be very auspicious, and it is a key musical instrument played in almost all [[Hindu]] weddings and temples of the South Indian tradition.<ref name="Isaac1967">{{cite book|author=Light Isaac|title=Theory of Indian music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNEHAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1967|publisher=Printed at Shyam Printers|page=156}}</ref> It is part of the family of instruments known as ''[[mangala vadyam]]''<ref name="GhoseRamanathan1992">{{cite book|author1=Vijaya Ghose|author2=Jaya Ramanathan|author3=Renuka N. Khandekar|title=Tirtha, the treasury of Indian expressions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_v1tAAAAMAAJ|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1992|publisher=CMC Ltd.|isbn=978-81-900267-0-3|page=201}}</ref> (lit. ''mangala'' ["auspicious"], ''vadya'' ["instrument"]). The instrument is usually played in pairs, and accompanied by a pair of drums called ''[[thavil]]'';<ref name="Percussioner International Audio Magazine">{{cite book|title=Percussioner International Audio Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BskJAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1984|publisher=Sal Sofia Industries, Inc.|page=38}}</ref> it can also be accompanied with a drone from a similar oboe called the [[Ottu (instrument)|ottu]].<ref name="Devi1990">{{cite book|author=Ragini Devi|title=Dance Dialects Of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KRz5ykKRVAEC&pg=PA222|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1990|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0674-0|pages=222–}}</ref>

== History ==
Nadaswaram is referred in many ancient [[Tamil Literature|Tamil texts]]. [[Silappatikaram]] refers to an instrument called "vangiyam".{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} The structure of this instrument matches that of Nadaswaram.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Since there are seven holes played with seven fingers this was also called as "Ezhil". This instrument, too, is widely played in [[Tamil Nadu]] and popular among the [[Tamil Diaspora]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

== Construction ==

The nadaswaram contains three parts namely, {{transl|ta|kuzhal}}, {{transl|ta|thimiru}}, and {{transl|ta|anasu}}.{{clarify|date=December 2012}}

It is a double reed instrument with a conical bore which gradually enlarges toward the lower end. The top portion has a metal staple ({{transl|ta|mel anaichu}}) into which is inserted a small metallic cylinder ({{transl|ta|kendai}}) which carries the mouthpiece made of reed. Besides spare reeds, a small ivory or horn needle is attached to the instrument, and used to clear the reed of saliva and other debris and allows free passage of air. A metallic bell ({{transl|ta|keezh anaichu}}) forms the bottom end of the instrument.

Traditionally the body of the nadaswaram is made out of a tree called {{transl|ta|aacha}} (Tamil ஆச்சா; Hindi अंजन)'','' although nowadays bamboo, sandalwood, copper, brass, ebony and ivory are also used. For wooden instruments, old wood is considered the best, and sometimes wood salvaged from demolished old houses is used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aboutindianmusic.com/2011/11/indian-instruments-nadaswaram/ |title=Indian Instruments : Nadaswaram | Indian Music : Getting to know a little more about Indian music, musicians and instruments |publisher=aboutindianmusic.com |date=2011-11-22 |access-date=2012-01-09}}</ref>

The nadaswaram has seven finger-holes, and five additional holes drilled at the bottom which can be stopped with wax to modify the tone.<ref name="Gosvami1961">{{cite book|author=O. Gosvami|title=The story of Indian music: its growth and synthesis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEssAAAAYAAJ|access-date=25 December 2012|date=1 January 1961|publisher=Scholarly Press|isbn=978-0-403-01567-2|page=156}}</ref> The nadaswaram has a range of two and a half octaves, similar to the Indian [[bansuri]] flute, which also has a similar fingering. Unlike the flute where semi and quarter tones are produced by the partial opening and closing of the finger holes, in the nadaswaram they are produced by adjusting the pressure and strength of the air-flow into the pipe. Due to its intense volume and strength it is largely an outdoor instrument and much more suited for open spaces than for indoor concerts.

== Players ==

Some of the greatest early nadaswaramists include
* [[Thirumarukal Nadesa Pillai]]
* [[T.N. Rajarathnam Pillai]] (1898-1956)
* [[Thiruvengadu Subramania Pillai]],
* [[Vedaranyam Vedamoorthy]]
* [[Karukurichi Arunachalam]] (1921-1964)
* [[Kulikkarai P Rajendran Pillai]](1970-2019)
* [[Thirucherai Sivasubramanian Pillai]]
* [[Thiruvarur S Latchappa Pillai]]
* [[Acharyapuram Chinnathambillai]] (b. 1928)
* [[Kulikkarai Pichaiyappa]]
* [[M.S. Ponnuthayi]] (1928 - 2012)
* [[Kizhvelur N.G. Ganesan]]
* [[Andankoil A V Selvarathnam Pillai]]
* [[Thiruvizha Jayashankar]] (b. 1940)
* Brother teams of Keeranur and Thiruveezhimizhalai,
* [[Semponnarkoil Brothers]] [[S R G Sambandam]] and [[Rajanna]].
* [[Dharumapuram S. Abiramisundaram Pillai]] and his son [[Dharumapuram A Govindarajan]]<ref>Andankoil [[AV Selvarathnam Pillai]] {{cite web|author=B. Kolappan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/article952680.ece |title=Arts / Music : An art that's still awaiting its due |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=2010-12-15 |access-date=2012-01-09}}</ref>
* [[Sheik Chinna Moulana]] ( 1924 - 1999)
* [[Sheik Mahaboob Subhani]]
* [[Kaleeshabi Mahaboob]]
* [[Namagiripettai Krishnan]] (1924 - 2001)
* [[Madurai M.P.N. Sethuraman]] (1928 - 2000)
* [[M.P.N. Ponnuswamy]] (b. 1932)
* [[Ponnusamy brothers]]
* [[Alaveddy N.K. Pathmanathan]]
* [[Mambalan M.K.S. Shiva]]
* [[S. R. D. Vaidyanathan]] (1929 - 2013)
* [[Seshampatti T Sivalingam]]
* [[Domada Chittabbayi]] (1930 - 2002)
* [[Injikudi E.M. Subramaniam]]
* [[Umapathy Kandasamy]] (1950 - 2017)
* [[Kundala Kambar, Nagercoil]] (1965)
* [[Sankarapandia Kambar, Tirunelveli]]
* [[Tiruvalaputtur T K Venupilla]]
* [[Kulikkarai Brothers]] [[K.M Daksaha Moorthi Pillai]] & [[K.M Ganeshan Pillai]]
American composers such as [[Lewis Spratlan]]<ref>{{cite journal
|last=Sampath |first=Revathi |journal=[[India Currents]] |date=16 March 2008 |access-date=2015-04-08
|url= http://www.indiacurrents.com/articles/2008/03/16/nadaswaram |title=Nadaswaram
}}</ref>  have expressed admiration for the nadaswaram, and a few jazz musicians have taken up the instrument: [[Charlie Mariano]] (b. 1923) is one of the few non-Indians able to play the instrument,<ref name="CarrFairweather2004">{{cite book|author1=Ian Carr|author2=Digby Fairweather|author3=Brian Priestley|title=Jazz: The Essential Companion to Artists and Albums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I5wrGL-a-Q8C&pg=PR99-IA64|access-date=25 December 2012|year=2004|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-256-9|pages=99–}}</ref> having studied it while living in India. [[Vinny Golia]], [[J. D. Parran]], and [[William Parker (musician)|William Parker]] have performed and recorded with the instrument.<ref>{{cite news|title=The William Parker Sessionography|url=http://www.bb10k.com/PARKER.disc.html|year=2014}}</ref> The German saxophonist [[Roland Schaeffer]] also plays it,<ref name="Saxophone Journal">{{cite book|title=Saxophone Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n5MJAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1988|publisher=Dorn Publications|page=46}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=December 2012}} having studied from 1981 to 1985 with Karupaia Pillai.

== In popular culture ==
Among the Tamil movies, two released in the 1960s, namely ''Konjum Salangai''(1962) starring Gemini Ganesan and ''Thillana Mohanambal''(1968) starring Sivaji Ganesan, featured nadaswaram playing characters. For the ''Konjum Salankai'' movie, [[Karukurichi Arunachalam|Karukurichi Arunasalam Pillai]] provided the nadaswaram music. Madurai Sethuraman and Ponnusamy brothers were employed for the nadaswaram playing duo characters Sivaji Ganesan and A.V.M. Rajan for the ''Thillana Mohanambal'' movie director [[A. P. Nagarajan|AP Nagarajan]] dedicated this movie to legend [[Karukurichi Arunachalam|karukurichi arunachalam]]

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
* [[Tavil]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/India/1191Nagaswaram/OttuNagaswaram.html ''Images from The Beede Gallery Shawms (Ottu and Nagaswaram), Southern India, ca. 1900-1940'']. [[National Music Museum]], [[University of South Dakota]].

{{Double reed}}
{{Indian musical instruments}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Carnatic music instruments]]
[[Category:Single oboes with conical bore]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]

Nadaswaram - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2600:1010:B046:AD0B:24FE:236B:43CA:C47A at 05:34, 28 August 2021