Nachiyar Thirumozhi - Revision history

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-These 143 verses are a part of the 4000 divine hymns of [[Divya Prabhandham|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]. The verses are classified into fourteen decads namely, prayer to [[Kama]], not to destroy sand castle, ''Vastapraharana'', securing union with Lord, requesting cuckoo to call her Lord, Kothai's marriage, eulogizing Vishnu's conch, Megha Sandesa, prangs of separation from Lord, seeking help to attain Lord and in praise of [[Ranganatha]].
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
'''''Nachiar Tirumozhi''''' (Tamil: நாச்சியார் திருமொழி) is a set of 143 verses composed by [[Andal]], one of the twelve [[Azhwar]]s in [[Vaishnavism|Vaishanvaite]] tradition. In her restlessness and eagerness to attain the [[Krishna|Kannan]], Anadal attempts various methods by which she can attain union with Kannan which forms the major part of work. Among the ''Thirumozhis'', ''[[Nachiar Tirumozhi#6th Thirumozhi (vAraNam Ayiram)|Vaaranam aiyiram]]'' is very well known and has a special significance. It details Andal's narration of her dream of her experiences with her friends on her way to achieve her purpose of birth (to marry Kannapiran).

These 143 verses are a part of the 4000 divine hymns of [[Divya Prabhandham|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]. The verses are classified into fourteen decads namely, prayer to [[Kama]], not to destroy sand castle, ''Vastapraharana'', securing union with Lord, requesting cuckoo to call her Lord, Kothai's marriage, eulogizing Vishnu's conch, Megha Sandesa, prangs of separation from Lord, seeking help to attain Lord and in praise of [[Ranganatha]].

==Etymology==
''Thirumozhi'' literally means "Sacred Sayings" in a Tamil poetic style and "Nachiar" means goddess. Therefore, the title means "Sacred Sayings of the Goddess." This poem fully reveals Andal's intense longing for Vishnu, the divine beloved. Utilizing classical Tamil poetic conventions and interspersing stories from the [[Vedas]] and [[Puranas]], Andal creates imagery that is possibly unparalleled in the whole gamut of Indian religious literature.<ref name=Shivshankar>{{cite web|last1=Rao|first1=Shivshankar|title=Saints - Andal|url=http://www.sushmajee.com/reldictionary/sketches/sketches-sant/st-andal.htm|website=Sushmajee: Dictionary Of Hindu Religion |publisher=US Brahman Group|access-date=11 August 2015|date=31 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=Penguin>{{cite book|last1=Andal|title=Andal: Tiruppavai/Nachiyar Tirumozhi|date=14 October 2000|publisher=Penguin Books Australia|isbn=0140245723}}</ref><ref name=Hindu>{{cite news|title=Nachiyar aesthetically conceived|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/01/05/stories/09050334.htm|access-date=11 August 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 January 2001}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==Organized way of the verses==
These 143 pasurams (verses) are organized in 14 segments and each one is called "Tirumozhi". Thus the first set of ten pasurams is called as first Tirumozhi. And is named after the first phrase of the first pasuram 'tai oru tingalum' (Tamil : தையொரு திங்கள்) .Similarly all the other Tirumozhis are named after the first phrase of first pasuram. And each Tirumozhi deals with one specific topic.<ref>{{cite book|title=Nachiyar Thirumozhi|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/sadagopan/sundarasimham/ebooks/NT1.pdf|access-date=15 April 2018|year=2008|last=Sadagopan}}</ref> The first ''Thirumozhi'', is called "tai oru ti’ngaLum", based on the first phrase of the first Pasuram. Similarly, all the other tirumozhi-s are named based on the first few words of the first ''pasuram'' of the ''Thirumozhi''. The first decad is a set of verses to pray [[Kama]] (cupid) to seek [[Krishna]] as her husband. Andal expresses that she will lose her life if she is married to someone else other than Lord Krishna. The second decad is a compilation of Andal's prayer to preserver the sand castle she built on the river. The third decad is a set similar to the ''vastraprahana'', the playful chapter in Krishna's life when he took away garments of Gopikas and their request to get them back. The fourth decad has poems where she expresses her union with Lord. ''Kuyil Pattu'' or cuckoo's song forms the fifth decad where Andal requests cuckoo to sing in praise of Krishna. Experts attribute the verses to Pancharartra Agama, a mode of worship practiced in Vaishnavite temples. The sixth decad indicates her dream to marry Lord laying down the principles of spiritual dynamics. The eighth ''Thirumozhi'' called "Vinnila Melappu" deals with [[Andal|kOdai]] telling her plight to the clouds and sending them as her messenger to Govindan, who is stationed in [[Tirupati (city)|Thirumalai]]. The remaining ''Thirumozhis'' are dedicated to different efforts by [[Andal]] to somehow speed up her union with Perumal. In the process, she waits impatiently, and finally in ''Patti Meindor Karerur'' Thirumozhi, she is reunited with Vishnu.<ref>[[#Raja|Vankeepuram|2005]], pp. 9-12</ref>

==Critic views==
Some of Andal's verses express love for Lord Vishnu, written with bold sensuality and startlingly savage longing, hunger and inquiry, that even today many of her most erotic poems are rarely rendered publicly.<ref name="Rajarajan">{{cite journal|last1=Rajarajan|first1=R K K|title=Art and Literature: Inseparable Links|journal=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society|date=2015|volume=106|issue=4|pages=53–61|url=https://www.academia.edu/27086646|access-date=28 April 2017}}</ref> In one such verse Andal dispenses with metaphor and imagines that she herself in lying in the arms of Krishna, and making love to him:<ref name="Lakshmi">{{cite news|last1=Lakshmi|first1=C S|title=Landscapes of the body|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lr/2003/12/07/stories/2003120700300400.htm|access-date=25 January 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 December 2003}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

<poem>
"My life will be spared / Only if he will come / To stay for me for one night / If he will enter me, / So as to leave / the imprint of his saffron paste / upon my breasts / Mixing, churning, maddening me inside, / Gathering my swollen ripeness / Spilling nectar, / As my body and blood / Bursts into flower."
<ref name=Dalrymple>{{cite news|last1=Dalrymple|first1=William|title=In search of Tamil Nadu's poet-preachers|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/a01a138c-20b2-11e5-ab0f-6bb9974f25d0.html#slide0|access-date=13 July 2015|agency=The Financial Times Limited|issue=London|publisher=Financial Times|date=10 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=Chakravarty>{{cite journal|last1=Chakravarty|first1=Uma|title=The World of the Bhaktin in South Indian Traditions - The Body and Beyond|journal=Manushi|date=1989|volume=50-51-52|page=25|url=http://www.manushi-india.org/pdfs_issues/pdf_files-50-51-52/the_world_of_the_bhaktin_in_south_indian.pdf|access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref>
</poem>

<poem>
tell him I will survive
only if he will stay with me
for one day -
enter me
so as to wipe away
the saffron paste
adorning my breasts
</poem>(p. 140)<ref name="Vidya">{{cite book|last1=Dehejia|first1=Vidya|title=The Body Adorned: Sacred and Profane in Indian Art|date=2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780231512664|url=https://archive.org/details/bodyadorneddisso0000dehe|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/bodyadorneddisso0000dehe/page/141 141]|quote=andal breasts.|access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref>

Andal whilst admiring herself wearing the garland which was meant for the deity,
<poem>
the guilt glazed love lay on Andal's breasts.
thick and heavy as him.
frightened with force
and locked away, she conjured him every night,
her empurumaan, her emperor-man.
</poem><ref name=Kandasamy>{{cite book|last1=Kandasamy|first1=Meena|title=Ms Militancy|date=2010|publisher=Narayana|isbn=9788189059347}}</ref><ref name=Mulchandani>{{cite journal|last1=Mulchandani|first1=Sandhya|title=Divine Love|journal=The Indian Quarterly|date=2014|url=http://indianquarterly.com/divine-love/|access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=Bilwakesh>{{cite web|last1=Bilwakesh|first1=Champa|title=Ms Militancy, by Meena Kandasamy|url=http://www.sawnet.org/books/reviews.php?Ms+Militancy|access-date=11 August 2015|date=16 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118065432/http://www.sawnet.org/books/reviews.php?Ms+Militancy|archive-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>

<poem>
My surging breasts long to leap to the touch of his hand which holds aloft the flaming discus and the conch.
</poem>

<poem>
Coax the world-measurer to caress my waist, to encircle the twin globes of my breasts
</poem><ref name="Autobiography">{{cite book|last1=Chabria|first1=Priya Sarukkai|editor1-last=Chabria|editor1-first=Priya Sarukkai|editor2-last=Shankar|editor2-first=Ravi|title=Andal: The Autobiography of a Goddess|date=2016|publisher=Zubaan Books|isbn=9789384757670}}</ref><ref name="Arundhati">{{cite web|last1=Venkatesh|first1=Arundhati|title=Andal: The Tamil Female Saint Brought To You In A Very Satisfying Translation [Book Review]|url=http://www.womensweb.in/2016/05/andal-the-autobiography-of-a-goddess/|website=Women's Web|access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref>

In one of her poems, Andal says that her voluptuous breasts will swell for the lord alone, and scorns the idea of making love to mortal beings, comparing that with the sacrificial offering made by Brahmins being violated by jackals in the forest,<ref name=Ghai>{{cite web|last1=Ghai|first1=Anuj|title=Reflections on Andal|url=https://www.academia.edu/7073324|website=Academia.edu|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> and in another verse she dedicates her swelling breasts to the Lord who carries a conch.<ref name=Chakravarty /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajarajan|first=R.K.K.|title=Art and Literature: Inseparable Links|url=https://www.academia.edu/27086646|journal=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society|language=en}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
The songs of ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'' are regularly sung in all the Vishnu temples of South India daily and also during festivals.<ref name="Dalal21">[[#Dalal|Dalal]] 2011, pp. 20-21</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&q=poygai&pg=PA14|page=211|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2007|isbn=9780810864450}}</ref> Andal is worshiped as a God in South India and enshrined in all the Vishnu temples. The verses of ''Thirupavai'' and ''Nachiyar Thirumozhi'' are sung commonly in all the households and temples during the month of ''Margazhi'' (December - January).<ref>{{cite news|title=Emotional Ecstasy and Those Mystic Muses|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3199817551.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415190313/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3199817551.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 April 2018|access-date=15 April 2018|date=1 February 2014|publisher=Mint|via=[[HighBeam Research]]|url-access=subscription |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

Redention of Vaaranam Aayiram was included in [[Ilaiyaraaja]]'s score for [[Kamal Hassan]]'s movie [[Hey Ram]], with Shrivilliputhur Andal being acknowledged as one of the lyricists for the movie<ref name="HeyRam">{{cite news |last1=Rangan |first1=Baradwaj |title=He taught me to sing with abandon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kamal-haasan-recalls-his-association-with-ilaiyaraja/article6360293.ece |access-date=6 December 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=28 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="TCM">{{cite web |title=Hey! Ram (2000) |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/443250/Hey-Ram/full-credits.html |website=Turner Classic Movies |access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=poigai&pg=PA308|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|ref=Dalal|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2011|isbn=9780143414216}}
* {{cite book|title=Andal's Nachiyar Thirumozhi (Love Transcendental)|publisher=V.K.N. Publishers|last=Vankeepuram|first=Rajagopalan|isbn=81-902979-1-0|year=2005|ref=Raja}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJ6Ojq68iK8 Nachiar Tirumozhi meaning]
*[https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/athens/troy/7673/azhwars/nachiyar.html&date=2009-10-25+12:56:09 Short essay on nAcciyAR tirumozhi]
*[http://www.sundarasimham.org/ebooks/NachiyaarThirumozhi.pdf Detailed Commentary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080610003410/http://thiruvarangam.com/portal/ Nachiyar Thirumozhi Audio]
*[http://ebooks.tirumala.org/Product/?ID=1976 The Poems of Andal Tiruppavai and Nacciyar Tirumozhi]
*[http://www.chinnajeeyar.org/audios/nach_tirumo6p5kb_8k.wma Nachchiyar Tirumozhi audio]
*[http://www.musicindiaonline.com/p/x/N4CgJ3KXgd.As1NMvHdW/ Varanamayiram] by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|S.P.B]]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtlrC6S-NG0 Varanamayiram 6.6]

[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 28 June 2022
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	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Vaishnavism}}		{{Vaishnavism}}
	'''''Nachiar Tirumozhi''''' (~~Tamil:~~ நாச்சியார் திருமொழி) is a set of 143 verses composed by [[Andal]], one of the twelve [[Azhwar]]s in [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishanvaite]] tradition. In her restlessness and eagerness to attain the [[Krishna\|Kannan]], Anadal attempts various methods by which she can attain union with Kannan which forms the major part of work. Among the ''Thirumozhis'', ''[[Nachiar Tirumozhi#6th Thirumozhi (vAraNam Ayiram)\|Vaaranam aiyiram]]'' is very well known and has a special significance. It details Andal's narration of her dream of her experiences with her friends on her way to achieve her purpose of birth (to marry Kannapiran).		'''''Nachiar Tirumozhi''''' ({{Lang-ta\|நாச்சியார் திருமொழி}}; {{Translation\|Wise Words of the Goddess}}) is a set of 143 verses composed by [[Andal]], one of the twelve [[Azhwar]]s in [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishanvaite]] tradition. In her restlessness and eagerness to attain the [[Krishna\|Kannan]], Anadal attempts various methods by which she can attain union with Kannan which forms the major part of work. Among the ''Thirumozhis'', ''[[Nachiar Tirumozhi#6th Thirumozhi (vAraNam Ayiram)\|Vaaranam aiyiram]]'' is very well known and has a special significance. It details Andal's narration of her dream of her experiences with her friends on her way to achieve her purpose of birth (to marry Kannapiran).

	These 143 verses are a part of the 4000 divine hymns of [[Divya Prabhandham\|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]. The verses are classified into fourteen decads namely, prayer to [[Kama]], not to destroy sand castle, ''Vastapraharana'', securing union with Lord, requesting cuckoo to call her Lord, Kothai's marriage, eulogizing Vishnu's conch, Megha Sandesa, prangs of separation from Lord, seeking help to attain Lord and in praise of [[Ranganatha]].		These 143 verses are a part of the 4000 divine hymns of [[Divya Prabhandham\|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]. The verses are classified into fourteen decads namely, prayer to [[Kama]], not to destroy sand castle, ''Vastapraharana'', securing union with Lord, requesting cuckoo to call her Lord, Kothai's marriage, eulogizing Vishnu's conch, Megha Sandesa, prangs of separation from Lord, seeking help to attain Lord and in praise of [[Ranganatha]].
Line 10:		Line 10:

	==Organized way of the verses==		==Organized way of the verses==
	These 143 pasurams (verses) are organized in 14 segments and each one is called "Tirumozhi". Thus the first set of ten pasurams is called as first Tirumozhi. And is named after the first phrase of the first pasuram 'tai oru tingalum' (Tamil : தையொரு திங்கள்) .Similarly all the other Tirumozhis are named after the first phrase of first pasuram. And each Tirumozhi deals with one specific topic.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Nachiyar Thirumozhi\|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/sadagopan/sundarasimham/ebooks/NT1.pdf\|access-date=15 April 2018\|year=2008\|last=Sadagopan}}</ref> The first ''Thirumozhi'', is called "tai oru ti’ngaLum", based on the first phrase of the first Pasuram. Similarly, all the other tirumozhi-s are named based on the first few words of the first ''pasuram'' of the ''Thirumozhi''. The first decad is a set of verses to pray [[Kama]] (cupid) to seek [[Krishna]] as her husband. Andal expresses that she will lose her life if she is married to someone else other than Lord Krishna. The second decad is a compilation of Andal's prayer to preserver the sand castle she built on the river. The third decad is a set similar to the ''vastraprahana'', the playful chapter in Krishna's life when he took away garments of Gopikas and their request to get them back. The fourth decad has poems where she expresses her union with Lord. ''Kuyil Pattu'' or cuckoo's song forms the fifth decad where Andal requests cuckoo to sing in praise of Krishna. Experts attribute the verses to Pancharartra Agama, a mode of worship practiced in Vaishnavite temples. The sixth decad indicates her dream to marry Lord laying down the principles of spiritual dynamics. The eighth ''Thirumozhi'' called "Vinnila Melappu" deals with [[Andal\|kOdai]] telling her plight to the clouds and sending them as her messenger to Govindan, who is stationed in [[Tirupati (city)\|Thirumalai]]. The remaining ''Thirumozhis'' are dedicated to different efforts by [[Andal]] to somehow speed up her union with Perumal. In the process, she waits impatiently, and finally in ''Patti Meindor Karerur'' Thirumozhi, she is reunited with Vishnu.<ref>[[#Raja\|Vankeepuram\|2005]], pp. 9-12</ref>		These 143 pasurams (verses) are organized in 14 segments and each one is called "Tirumozhi". Thus the first set of ten pasurams is called as first Tirumozhi. And is named after the first phrase of the first pasuram 'tai oru tingalum' (Tamil : தையொரு திங்கள்) .Similarly all the other Tirumozhis are named after the first phrase of first pasuram. And each Tirumozhi deals with one specific topic.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Nachiyar Thirumozhi\|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/sadagopan/sundarasimham/ebooks/NT1.pdf\|access-date=15 April 2018\|year=2008\|last=Sadagopan}}</ref> The first decad is a set of verses to pray [[Kama]] (cupid) to seek [[Krishna]] as her husband. Andal expresses that she will lose her life if she is married to someone else other than Lord Krishna. The second decad is a compilation of Andal's prayer to preserver the sand castle she built on the river. The third decad is a set similar to the ''vastraprahana'', the playful chapter in Krishna's life when he took away garments of Gopikas and their request to get them back. The fourth decad has poems where she expresses her union with Lord. ''Kuyil Pattu'' or cuckoo's song forms the fifth decad where Andal requests cuckoo to sing in praise of Krishna. Experts attribute the verses to Pancharartra Agama, a mode of worship practiced in Vaishnavite temples. The sixth decad indicates her dream to marry Lord laying down the principles of spiritual dynamics. The eighth ''Thirumozhi'' called "Vinnila Melappu" deals with [[Andal\|kOdai]] telling her plight to the clouds and sending them as her messenger to Govindan, who is stationed in [[Tirupati (city)\|Thirumalai]]. The remaining ''Thirumozhis'' are dedicated to different efforts by [[Andal]] to somehow speed up her union with Perumal. In the process, she waits impatiently, and finally in ''Patti Meindor Karerur'' Thirumozhi, she is reunited with Vishnu.<ref>[[#Raja\|Vankeepuram\|2005]], pp. 9-12</ref>

	==Critic views==		==Critic views==
Line 65:		Line 65:
	==External links==		==External links==
	*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJ6Ojq68iK8 Nachiar Tirumozhi meaning]		*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJ6Ojq68iK8 Nachiar Tirumozhi meaning]
	*[https://~~www~~.~~webcitation~~.org/~~query?url=~~http://www.geocities.com/~~athens~~/~~troy~~/7673/azhwars/nachiyar.html~~&date=2009-10-25+12:56:09~~ Short essay on nAcciyAR tirumozhi]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020320173507/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Troy/7673/azhwars/nachiyar.html Short essay on nAcciyAR tirumozhi]
	*[http://www.sundarasimham.org/ebooks/NachiyaarThirumozhi.pdf Detailed Commentary]		*[http://www.sundarasimham.org/ebooks/NachiyaarThirumozhi.pdf Detailed Commentary]
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080610003410/http://thiruvarangam.com/portal/ Nachiyar Thirumozhi Audio]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080610003410/http://thiruvarangam.com/portal/ Nachiyar Thirumozhi Audio]
	*[http://ebooks.tirumala.org/Product/?ID=1976 The Poems of Andal Tiruppavai and Nacciyar Tirumozhi]		*[http://ebooks.tirumala.org/Product/?ID=1976 The Poems of Andal Tiruppavai and Nacciyar Tirumozhi]
	*[http://www.chinnajeeyar.org/audios/nach_tirumo6p5kb_8k.wma Nachchiyar Tirumozhi audio]		*[http://www.chinnajeeyar.org/audios/nach_tirumo6p5kb_8k.wma Nachchiyar Tirumozhi audio] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207075914/http://www.chinnajeeyar.org/audios/nach_tirumo6p5kb_8k.wma \|date=7 February 2012 }}
	*[http://www.musicindiaonline.com/p/x/N4CgJ3KXgd.As1NMvHdW/ Varanamayiram] by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam\|S.P.B]]		*[http://www.musicindiaonline.com/p/x/N4CgJ3KXgd.As1NMvHdW/ Varanamayiram] by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam\|S.P.B]]
	*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtlrC6S-NG0 Varanamayiram 6.6]		*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtlrC6S-NG0 Varanamayiram 6.6]

	[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]		[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]