Globaleducollege: expand layout per standard format as per guidelines

2026-03-28T04:31:54Z

expand layout per standard format as per guidelines

imported>Rasnaboy: Undid revision 1024857833 by Ambilam bamboo (talk)

2021-05-24T14:33:02Z

Undid revision 1024857833 by Ambilam bamboo (talk)

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Manavala mamunigal 03.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Nammazhwar]], considered the most prominent of the twelve Alvars whose works are compiled as ''Prabandam'']]
{{Hindu scriptures}}
{{Tamil literature}}
The '''Nalayira Divya Prabandham''' ({{lang-ta|நாலாயிரத் திவ்வியப் பிரபந்தம்|translit=nālāyira divya prabandham}}) is a collection of 4,000 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] verses (Naalayiram in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] means 'four thousand') composed<ref name="srivaishnavam">{{cite news|
title=''Divya Prabandham – An introduction''
| work=Srivaishnavam.com|
url=http://www.srivaishnavam.com/prabandham.htm|
access-date= 2007-06-20}}</ref> by the 12 [[Alvars]]. It was compiled in its present form by [[Nathamuni]] during the 9th – 10th centuries. The work, an important liturgical compilation of the Tamil [[Alvars]], marks the beginning of the canonization of 12 ''[[Vaishnava]]'' poet saints, and these hymns are still sung extensively today. The works were lost before they were collected and organized in the form of an anthology by Nathamuni.

The ''Divya Prabandham'' sings the praise of [[Narayana]] (or [[Vishnu]]) and his many forms. The Alvars sang these songs at various sacred shrines known as the [[Divya Desams]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajarajan|first=R.K.K.|year=2013|title=Historical sequence of the Vaiṣṇava Divyadeśas. Sacred venues of Viṣṇism|url=https://www.academia.edu/12405403|journal=Acta Orientalia, Societates Orientales Danica Fennica Norvegia Svecia|volume=74|pages=37–90}}</ref> The [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ''[[Vaishnavite]]s'' are also known as ''Ubhaya Vedanti'' (those that follow both Vedas, i.e., the Sanskrit [[Rigveda]], [[Yajurveda]], [[Samaveda]] and [[Atharvaveda]], as well as the Tamil-language ''Tiruvaymoli,'' a work which many South Indian devotees regard as the Tamil Veda).<ref name="tveda">{{cite book|last=Carman|first=John|title=The Tamil Veda: Pillan's Interpretation of the Tiruvaymoli|date=1989|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|page=4}}</ref> In many temples — [[Srirangam]], for example — the chanting of the Divya Prabandham forms a major part of the daily service. It's also recited in some North Indian Vaishnavite temples, such as [[Badrinath Temple|Badrinath]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Prabhu|first=S.|date=2013-08-08|title=Dance of Devotion|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance-of-devotion/article5003192.ece|access-date=2021-03-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Divya Prabandham is recited along with the Vedas,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ramesh|first=M. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgdJAQAAIAAJ|title=108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Chola Nadu|date=1992|publisher=T.T. Devasthanams|pages=42|language=en}}</ref> and it is given equal status to the Vedas, largely due to the efforts of [[Ramanuja]] who enshrined the Divya Prabandham on the same pedestal as the Vedas.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Sonika|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Politics_and_Cosmopolitanism_in_a_Global/5ATgCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=Politics and Cosmopolitanism in a Global Age|last2=Padmanabhan|first2=Sudarsan|date=2017-09-19|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-34132-1|language=en}}</ref>

Prominent among its 4,000 verses are the over 1,100 verses known as the ''Tiruvaymoli'' or ''Thiruvaaymozhi'' ("words of the sacred mouth"), composed by [[Nammalvar]] (Kaari Maaran, Sadagopan of [[Alwarthirunagari Temple]]) and which forms the third portion of the overall ''Divya Prabandham''. Nammalvar self-identifies as a lovelorn ''[[gopi]]'' pining for [[Krishna]].<ref name="tveda" />

==Compilation==
The collection, once thought to have been lost, was organized in the form of an anthology by Nathamuni.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Hinduism|year=1997|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00sull|url-access=limited|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00sull/page/n233 217]|author=Bruce M. Sullivan|publisher=Scarecrow Press}}</ref>

[[Nathamuni]] was born in Veera Naarayanapuram (Veeranam) or present-day Kaattu Mannaar Koil. There is a long time gap between [[Thirumangai Alvar]] (the last alvar) and Nathamuni. In this dark period, nobody knew what happened to the 4,000 verses of the text.

Legend has it that once Nathamuni heard some people reciting the decad of ''Aaraavamude'' of Nammaazhvaar at [[Kumbakonam]]. Captivated by these ''pasurams'' (hymns), he wanted to know more about them. One of the verses also mentioned ''Aayiraththul Ippaththu'' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: these 10 out of the 1000). When Nathamuni enquired about the remaining 990, the people who sang the 10 did not know anything about the other verses. But as the song mentioned the name and place of the ''azhwar'' (Kurugoor Satakopan), Nathamuni proceeded to [[Alwarthirunagari Temple|Thirukurugoor]] and asked the people there about [[Nammazhwar]]'s 1,000 verses.<ref name="Ramanuja1">{{cite news|
title=''thoo nilA mutRam''
| url=http://www.ramanuja.org/sv/bhakti/archives/jun99/0167.html|
access-date= 2007-06-20}}</ref>

The people did not know the 1,000 verses that Nathamuni wanted, but they told him about 11 ''pasurams'' (hymns) of [[Madhurakavi Alvar]], a disciple of Nammazhwar ''Kanninun Siruthaambu''. They asked him to go to Thiruppuliaazhwar, the place where Nammazhwar lived, and recite these 11 ''pasurams'' 12,000 times. Nathamuni did as advised, and pleased with his penance, Nammazhwar granted him not only his 1,000 ''pasurams'', but the entire 4,000-''pasuram'' collection of all the Alvars.<ref name="Ramanuja2">{{cite news|
title=''Tribute to Sriman Naatha Muni''|
url=http://www.ramanuja.org/sv/bhakti/archives/jul97/0083.html|
access-date= 2007-06-20}}</ref>

==Details of Pasurams==
{{Vaishnavism}}
The following table shows the details of the 4,000 ''pasurams'' (hymns).<ref name="Ramanuja">{{cite news|
title=''Table showing details of 4000 pasurams''
| work=srivaishnavam.com|
url=http://www.srivaishnavam.com/4000total.htm|
access-date= 2007-06-20}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 50%"
! Sl no !! Name of the prabandham !! Starting from !! Ending with !! Number of pasurams !! Sung by
|-
|1
|[[Periazhvar Thirumozhi]]
| align="right" | 1
| align="right" | 473
| align="right" | 473
|[[Periyalvar]]
|-
|2
|[[Thiruppavai]]
| align="right" | 474
| align="right" | 503
| align="right" | 30
|[[Aandaal]]
|-
|3
|[[Nachiar Tirumozhi]]
| align="right" | 504
| align="right" | 646
| align="right" | 143
|[[Aandaal]]
|-
|4
|[[Perumal Thirumozhi]]
| align="right" | 647
| align="right" | 751
| align="right" | 105
|[[Kulasekara alvar]]
|-
|5
|[[Thirumalisai Alvar|Thiruchchanda Viruththam]]
| align="right" | 752
| align="right" | 871
| align="right" | 120
|[[Thirumalisai alvar]]
|-
|6
|Thirumalai
| align="right" | 872
| align="right" | 916
| align="right" | 45
|[[Thondaradippodi alvar]]
|-
|7
|Thiruppalliyezhuchchi
| align="right" | 917
| align="right" | 926
| align="right" | 10
|[[Thondaradippodi alvar]]
|-
|8
|Amalanadhi piran
| align="right" | 927
| align="right" | 936
| align="right" | 10
|[[Thiruppaan alvar]]
|-
|9
|Kanni Nun Siruththambu
| align="right" | 937
| align="right" | 947
| align="right" | 11
|[[Madhurakavi Alvar]]
|-
|10
|Peria Thirumozhi
| align="right" | 948
| align="right" | 2031
| align="right" | 1084
|[[Thirumangai alvar]]
|-
|11
|Kurun Thandagam
| align="right" | 2032
| align="right" | 2051
| align="right" | 20
|[[Thirumangai alvar]]
|-
|12
|Nedum Thandagam
| align="right" | 2052
| align="right" | 2081
| align="right" | 30
|[[Thirumangai alvar]]
|-
|13
|Mudhal Thiruvandhadhi
| align="right" | 2082
| align="right" | 2181
| align="right" | 100
|[[Poigai Alvar]]
|-
|14
|Irandam Thiruvandhadhi
| align="right" | 2182
| align="right" | 2281
| align="right" | 100
|[[Bhoothathalvar]]
|-
|15
|Moonram Thiruvandhadhi
| align="right" | 2282
| align="right" | 2381
| align="right" | 100
|[[Peyalvar]]
|-
|16
|Naanmugan Thiruvandhadhi
| align="right" | 2382
| align="right" | 2477
| align="right" | 96
|[[Thirumalisai alvar]]
|-
|17
|Thiruviruththam
| align="right" | 2478
| align="right" | 2577
| align="right" | 100
|[[Nammalvar]]
|-
|18
|Thiruvasiriyam
| align="right" | 2578
| align="right" | 2584
| align="right" | 7
|[[Nammalvar]]
|-
|19
|Peria Thiruvandhadhi
| align="right" | 2585
| align="right" | 2671
| align="right" | 87
|[[Nammalvar]]
|-
|20
|Thiruvezhukkurrirukkai
| align="right" | 2672
| align="right" | 2672
| align="right" | 1
|[[Thirumangai alvar]]
|-
|21
|Siriya Thirumadal
| align="right" | 2673
| align="right" | 2712
| align="right" | 40
|[[Thirumangai alvar]]
|-
|22
|Peria Thirumadal
| align="right" | 2713
| align="right" | 2790
| align="right" | 78
|[[Thirumangai alvar]]
|-
|23
|Thiruvay Mozhi
| align="right" | 2791
| align="right" | 3892
| align="right" | 1102
|[[Nammalvar]]
|-
|24
|Ramanuja Nootrandhadi
| align="right" | 3893
| align="right" | 4000
| align= "right"| 108
|Thiruvarangathu Amudhanaar
|-
|
|Total number of pasurams
| align="right" | 4000
| align="right" | 4000
| align="right" | 4000
|}

== See also ==
*[[Araiyar sevai]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

;Nalayiram Text in different formats and languages
*[http://acharya.org/dp/index.html 4000 divya prabandham in Tamil and English - index for downloading full books as well as every ten pasurams individually along with Telugu version for key pasurams. Other key supplementary texts for Divya Prabandham such as Thiruvoi mozhi nootrandhadi, Yethiraja vimsadhi, Mumukshupadi , Guru Paramapara and rare texts, articles, vyakhyanams, discourses available.]
*[http://www.prapatti.com/slokas/slokasbyname.html 4000 Divyaprabhandham pdf in English, Tamil, Sanskrit Kannada, Telugu and Malayalam languages.]
*[http://www.vedics.org/ Divyaprabandham in Tamil, Telugu, Sanskrit. Thiruvomozhi availabale in convenient 100 song size. Click on downloads/ free downloads]
*[http://www.srivaishnavam.com/index.html 4000 Divya Prabandham In Roman text, pdf formats.]
*[http://www.tamilvu.org/library/l4210/html/l4210in1.htm Tamil Virtual University Library.]
*[https://www.scribd.com/doc/5137/Naalayira-Dhivya-Prabandham?classic_ui=1. Download complete 4000 Divya prabandham as a convenient single 2.16 MB pdf file. Only downside is dhanians are not complete.]
*[http://www.projectmadurai.org/pmworks.html 4000 divya prabandham available as separate files in pdf and unicode formats for every 1000]
*[http://www.epubbud.com/read.php?g=Y9A98RW2&p=1 Entire 4000 and supplementary texts and other mantras as a single epub file in Tamil font]
*[http://www.srivaishnavam.com/4000romantext.htm Nalayiram in English/ Roman text. Useful to quote, copy, paste]
*[http://www.ramanuja.org/sv/prabandham/ Prabandham in English Text. Quite useful to cut and paste relevant pasurams.]
*[https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3Pnee_VmVf7UFhMTnRpUzkzVFU Divya Prabandham by DivyaDesam - extremely relevant for pilgrims travelling to 108 Divya Desam]
*[https://www.trsiyengar.com/id289.shtml Lists pasurams numbers relevant to individual Divya Desam from all Azhwar's composition]
*[https://www.trsiyengar.com/12_Azhwars.shtml Nalayiram pasurams in Tamil unicode under four convenient links easy to copy paste]
*[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.athulyavidhya.divyaprabandham&hl=en_IN Nalayira Divyaprabandham ANDROID APP with Pasurangal - Divyadesam wise]

;Nalayiram with Meaning or Vyakyanam (detailed commentary)
*[http://dravidaveda.org/ Entire 4000 Divya Prabhandam verses with PBA Swamy's meaning in Tamil and Araiyar Swami Sri Rama Bharathi's translation in English. Very useful for reference purposes.]
*[http://www.tamilvu.org/library/l4210/html/l4210tin.htm For the first time online - Eedu 36,000 indepth commentary for Thiruvoimozhi at Tamil Virtual University Library]
*[https://ramanuja.org/sv/prabandham/index.html English text , Tamil Document and English meaning for Periya Thiromozhi.]
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/tvm/ Thiruvoimozhi in Roman text and meaning.]
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/tpv/index.html Thiruppavai with meaning.]

;Nalayiram Pasurangal – Audio
*[http://www.araiyar.org Araiyar Sevai, Listen to pasurams rendered in carnatic music]
*[http://www.maransdog.com/divyaprabandham/ Mp3 format]

;Sites Relevant to Nalayiram Divya Prabandham
*[https://sites.google.com/site/divyaprabhandam Articles on Divya Prabandham, Azhvars, Divya Desams and more]
*[http://www.srivaishnavan.com A comprehensive translation of Naalayira (4000) Divya Prabandham]
*Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dallapiccola
*[http://www.hindu.com/br/2004/03/23/stories/2004032300050102.htm Hymns of the Azhwars]
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/bag-end/sets/72157601728771915/detail/ Best collection of Pictures of Shriman Nathamunigal (who regained the 4000 Divya Prabandham) and Sri Alavandar at their birthplace Chaturvedimangalam also known as Kuppankuzhi.]

{{Tamil language}}
{{Azhwars}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]
[[Category:Medieval literature]]
[[Category:Alvars]]

Naalayira Divya Prabandham - Revision history

Globaleducollege: expand layout per standard format as per guidelines

imported>Rasnaboy: Undid revision 1024857833 by Ambilam bamboo (talk)