CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-14T12:32:41Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:02, 14 August 2023
Line 76:		Line 76:

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Spaceflight}}~~
	* [[Earth observation satellite]]		* [[Earth observation satellite]]
	* [[Indian Remote Sensing]]		* [[Indian Remote Sensing]]

Bot: robot, dating maintenance tag modified: {{Use American English}}, {{Use dmy dates}} and more

2023-06-30T11:17:49Z

robot, dating maintenance tag modified: {{Use American English}}, {{Use dmy dates}} and more

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 30 June 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|Joint NASA-ISRO synthetic radar aperture spacecraft}}		{{Short description\|Joint NASA-ISRO synthetic radar aperture spacecraft}}
	{{Use American English}}		{{Use American English\|date= June 2023}}
	{{Use dmy dates}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date= June 2023}}
	{{Infobox spaceflight		{{Infobox spaceflight
	\| name = NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)		\| name = NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)

AngelicaWieck66: Wrote an insightful article.

2022-03-10T22:16:57Z

Wrote an insightful article.

New page

{{Short description|Joint NASA-ISRO synthetic radar aperture spacecraft}}
{{Use American English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)
| names_list = NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar NISAR
| image = [[File:NISAR artist concept.jpg|280px]]
| image_caption = Artist's concept of the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite in orbit.
| image_size = 300px

| mission_type = [[Synthetic-aperture radar|Radar]] imaging
| operator = [[NASA]] / [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID =
| SATCAT =
| website = {{url|nisar.jpl.nasa.gov/}} {{url|www.isro.gov.in/NISARSatellite.html}}
| mission_duration = 3 years (planned) <ref name="WMO"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/proceedings/sdc7/paper/46/SDC7-paper46.pdf|title=Optimization of Debris Shields on the NISAR Mission's L-Band Radar Instrument|website=conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int|publisher=ESA Space Debris Office|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref>

| spacecraft = NISAR
| spacecraft_bus = [[I-3K]]<ref name="SAC_August2018">{{cite web|url=https://vedas.sac.gov.in/vedas/downloads/ertd/SAR/L_1.pdf|title=Overview of NISAR Mission and Airborne L- and S- SAR|website=sac.gov.in |publisher=Space Applications Centre, ISRO|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref>
| manufacturer = ISRO
| launch_mass = {{cvt|2800|kg}} <ref name="IAA-10">{{cite web|url=https://www.dlr.de/iaa.symp/Portaldata/49/Resources/dokumente/archiv10/pdf/IAA-10-0101_kl.pdf
|title=The NASA Earth Science Program and Small Satellites|last1=Neeck|first1=Steven|website=dlr.de|publisher=DLR|access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref>
| dimensions =
| power = 6,500 [[watt]]s

| launch_date = January 2024 (planned)<ref name="NISAR_2024"/><ref name="CGMS50">{{cite conference |last=Desai |first=Brantone5M. |url=https://www.cgms-info.org/Agendas/GetWpFile.ashx?wid=55fb119c-83b4-4fe2-a1d5-38ef0b61575f&aid=8ddd8a1b-8f80-4649-9961-19228306fc2a |title=Joint ISRO-IMD Report on updates and Future Plans |page=8 |work=[[ISRO]] |conference=[[Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites|CGMS-50]] |access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="ceoshb_nisar">{{cite web |url=http://database.eohandbook.com/database/missionsummary.aspx?missionID=642 |title=CEOS EO Handbook – Mission Summary - NISAR |work=[[CEOS]] |access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref>
| launch_rocket = [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLV Mk. II]] (4 meter fairing) <ref name="SAC_August2018"/>
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Center]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]

| disposal_type =
| deactivated =
| last_contact =
| decay_date =

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="WMO">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/ni_sar|title=Satellite: NISAR|publisher=World Meteorological Organization (WMO)|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref>
| orbit_regime = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]<ref name="NISAR_ISRO">{{cite web|url=https://www.sac.gov.in/nisar/NisarMission.html|title=NISAR Mission|publisher=ISRO|access-date=16 March 2021|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031625/https://www.sac.gov.in/nisar/NisarMission.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| orbit_altitude = {{cvt|747|km}}
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|747|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|747|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 98.5°
| orbit_period =
| apsis = gee

| trans_band = [[S band|S-band]] [[L band|L-band]]

| instruments = L-band (24-cm wavelength) Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar S-band (12-cm wavelength) Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar

| insignia = NISAR_Mission_Logo.png
| insignia_caption = NISAR mission logo
| insignia_size = 200px

| programme =
| previous_mission =
| next_mission =
}}

The '''NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar''' ('''NISAR''') mission is a joint project between [[NASA]] and [[ISRO]] to co-develop and launch a dual-frequency [[synthetic aperture radar]] on an [[Earth observation satellite]]. The satellite will be the first [[radar imaging]] satellite to use dual frequencies. It will be used for [[remote sensing]], to observe and understand natural processes on [[Earth]]. For example, its left-facing instruments will study the [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] [[cryosphere]].<ref name=Nature20190204>{{cite journal|title=Arctic scientists iced out by U.S.–India radar mission|last=Witze|first=Alexandra|journal=Nature|volume=566|issue=7742|page=18|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-00278-8|pmid=30723349|bibcode=2019Natur.566...18W |doi-access=free}}</ref> With a total cost estimated at US$1.5 billion, NISAR is likely to be the world's most expensive Earth-imaging satellite.<ref name="NISAR 1.5 Billion">{{cite press release|url=http://syntheticapertureradar.com/nasa-isro-sar-project-nisar/|title=NASA, ISRO jointly working on project NISAR|work=NASA/JPL|publisher=SAR Journal|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The NASA-ISRO [[Synthetic-aperture radar|Synthetic Aperture Radar]], or NISAR satellite, will use advanced radar imaging to map the elevation of Earth's land and ice masses 4 to 6 times a month at resolutions of 5 to 10 meters.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://nisar.jpl.nasa.gov/files/nisar/NISAR_Applications_Landslides.pdf|title=Landslide Hazards to Infrastructure|website=nisar.jpl.nasa.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321133739/https://nisar.jpl.nasa.gov/files/nisar/NISAR_Applications_Landslides.pdf|archive-date=21 March 2019|publisher=NASA (JPL)|access-date=16 March 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It is designed to observe and measure some of the planet's most complex natural processes, including [[Disturbance (ecology)|ecosystem disturbances]], [[Ice-sheet dynamics|ice-sheet collapse]], and natural hazards such as [[earthquake]]s, [[tsunami]]s, [[volcano]]es and [[landslide]]s.<ref name="JPL">{{cite web|url=http://nisar.jpl.nasa.gov/|title=NASA-ISRO SAR Mission (NISAR)|publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory|access-date=16 March 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="Handbook">{{cite web|url=https://nisar.jpl.nasa.gov/system/documents/files/26_NISAR_FINAL_9-6-19.pdf|title=NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) Mission Science Users' Handbook|publisher=NASA|access-date=27 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The mission is a partnership between [[NASA]] and [[ISRO]].<ref name="JPL" /> Under the terms of the agreement, NASA will provide the mission's [[L band|L-band]] [[Synthetic-aperture radar|synthetic aperture radar]] (SAR), a high-rate telecommunication subsystem for scientific data [[Satellite navigation device|GPS receivers]], a solid-state recorder, and a payload data subsystem. ISRO will provide the [[satellite bus]], an [[S band|S-band]] synthetic aperture radar, the launch vehicle, and associated launch services.<ref name="Mars">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/september/us-india-to-collaborate-on-mars-exploration-earth-observing-mission/|title=U.S., India to Collaborate on Mars Exploration, Earth-Observing Mission|publisher=NASA|access-date=16 March 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

All data from NISAR would be freely available 1 to 2 days after observation and within hours in case of emergencies like natural disasters.<ref name=":2"/> Data collected from NISAR will reveal information about the evolution and state of [[Crust (geology)|Earth's crust]], help scientists better understand our planet's natural processes and [[Climate change|changing climate]], and aid future resource and hazard management.<ref name="JPL"/>

The satellite will be [[three-axis stabilization|three-axis stabilized]]. It will use a {{cvt|12|m}} deployable mesh antenna and will operate on both the [[L band|L-]] and [[S band|S-]] microwave bands.<ref name="JPL"/> The aperture mesh reflector (antenna) will be supplied by Astro Aerospace, a [[Northrop Grumman]] company.<ref name="Northrop">{{cite press release|url=http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/10/30/781817/10154634/en/NASA-Jet-Propulsion-Laboratory-Selects-Northrop-Grumman-s-Astro-Aerospace-for-NISAR-Reflector.html|title=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Selects Northrop Grumman's Astro Aerospace for NISAR Reflector|last=White|first=AnnaMaria|publisher=Northrop Grumman Corporation|agency=GlobeNewswire|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref>

The satellite will be launched from India aboard a [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLV]] in Q1 of 2024.<ref name="NISAR_2024">{{cite conference |last1=Rosen |first1=Paul |last2=Owen |first2=Susan |last3=Chapman |first3=Bruce |url=https://nisar.jpl.nasa.gov/documents/75/8-NISAR_Rosen_Countdown_to_NISAR_v4.pdf |title=NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) Mission: Countdown to NISAR |pages=8–13 |location=Pasadena, CA |conference=2022 NISAR Community Science Workshop |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=16 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="CGMS50"/> The orbit will be a [[Sun-synchronous orbit|Sun-synchronous]], dawn-to-dusk type. The planned mission life is three years.<ref name="WMO"/> The project has passed the first stage of the design validation phase and has been reviewed and approved by NASA.<ref name="ToI14"/>

ISRO's share of the project cost is about {{INRConvert|788|c}}, and NASA's share is about US$808 million.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.158.235/question/annex/243/Au2223.pdf|title=Rajya Sabha Q. No.2223, Session:243 "JOINT PROJECT BETWEEN NASA AND ISRO"|publisher=Department of Space|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212014/http://164.100.158.235/question/annex/243/Au2223.pdf|archive-date=3 August 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=169570|title=Joint Project between NASA and ISRO|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref>

== Payload ==
* [[L band|L-band]] (1.25 [[Hertz|GHz]]; 24 cm wavelength <ref name="SAC_August2018"/>) [[Polarimetry|polarimetric]] [[Synthetic-aperture radar|SAR]], to be produced by NASA.
* [[S band|S-band]] (3.20 GHz; 9.3 cm wavelength <ref name="SAC_August2018"/>) polarimetric SAR, to be produced by ISRO.<ref name="ToI14">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Home/Science/Isros-instrument-design-passes-Nasa-review/articleshow/39369930.cms|title=ISRO's instrument design passes Nasa review|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[Earth observation satellite]]
* [[Indian Remote Sensing]]
* [[List of Indian satellites]]
* [[Seasat]]
* [[Shuttle Radar Topography Mission]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian space programme}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{NASA space program}}
{{Space-based meteorological observation}}
{{Future spaceflights}}

[[Category:ISRO satellites]]
[[Category:NASA satellites]]
[[Category:India–United States relations]]
[[Category:2024 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Synthetic aperture radar satellites]]

NISAR (satellite) - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Bot: robot, dating maintenance tag modified: {{Use American English}}, {{Use dmy dates}} and more

AngelicaWieck66: Wrote an insightful article.