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{{Short description|Indian physicist (born 1944)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = N. V. Madhusudana
| image = N.V.Madhusudana.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1944|5|9}}
| birth_place = [[Mysore, Karnataka]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Physics]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Sarada Vilas College]] | [[University of Mysore]] | [[Raman Research Institute]] | [[University of Paris-Saclay]] | [[University of Bordeaux]] | [[University of Hyderabad]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of Mysore]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | [[Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar]] }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[liquid crystals]]
| awards = {{ublist| 1989 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 2000 MRSI Superconductivity and Materials Science Prize }}
}}
'''Nelamangala Vedavyasachar Madhusudana''' (born 9 May 1944) is an Indian physicist and an emeritus scientist at [[Raman Research Institute]]. Known for his research on [[liquid crystals]], Madhusudhana is an elected fellow of [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] and [[Indian National Science Academy]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 1989.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
[[File:Crawford Hall, University of Mysore.jpg|thumb|235px|left|University of Mysore]]
Nelamangala Madhusudana was born on 9 May 1944 at [[Mysore]], in the south Indian state of [[Karnataka]], to N. Vedavyasachar and Indira Bai.<ref name="Imprints Collection">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rri.res.in/htmls/library/imprints_collection/bios/madhusudana.html |title=Imprints Collection |date=2017 |publisher=Raman Research Institute}}</ref> After early schooling in Mysore, he earned a graduate degree in science in 1962, which he followed up with a master's degree in physics in 1964, both degrees from the [[University of Mysore]].<ref name="Imprints Collection" />

He started his career by joining [[Sarada Vilas College]], Mysore, as a demonstrator and became a lecturer in 1965. The same year, he moved to the University of Mysore as a research fellow. While on service, in 1969, he enrolled for his doctoral studies at the university under the guidance of [[Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar]] and earned a PhD in 1971 for his thesis ''Structure of nematic liquid crystals''.<ref name="Doctoral students">{{Cite web |url=http://uomphysics.net/research/phd/ |title=Doctoral students |date=2017 |publisher=Physics dept, University of Mysore}}</ref>

Subsequently, he joined [[Raman Research Institute]] as a scientist and served the institution for two and a half decades. During this period, he became an associate professor in 1977, a professor in 1986, and headed the Liquid Crystals Laboratory of the institute during 1999–2000. After serving as a dean of research from 2001, he superannuated from regular service in 2006, holding the position. Post-retirement, he continued his association with the institute as a senior scientist of the Indian National Science Academy until 2011, and has been serving as an emeritus scientist since that time.<ref name="Imprints Collection" />

During his service at RRI, he had two sabbaticals abroad – first as a visiting scientist at [[:fr:Laboratoire de physique des solides|Laboratoire de physique des solides]] of the [[University of Paris-Saclay]] during 1983–84, and then as a visiting associate professor at Pascal Research Centre of the [[University of Bordeaux]] during 1984–85.<ref name="Indian fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/P00-1279 |title=Indian fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref> He also served as a Jawaharlal Nehru chair professor at the School of Physics of the [[University of Hyderabad]] on a month-long assignment in December 2009.<ref name="Imprints Collection" />

Madhusudana is married to Kausalya Rao and the couple has one son, Pramod. The family lives in [[Bengaluru]] in Karnataka.<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Madhusudana,_Prof._Nelamangala_Vedavyasachar |title=Fellow profile |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:LiquidCrystal-MesogenOrder-SmecticPhases.jpg|thumb|Schematic of alignment in the smectic phases. The smectic A phase (left) has molecules organized into layers. In the smectic C phase (right), the molecules are tilted inside the layers.]]
Mudhusudana's research has been focusing on the physical studies of liquid crystals.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=173 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> He demonstrated for the first time the [[electromechanical]] [[Coupling (physics)|coupling effects]] of [[cholesteric liquid crystal]]s and the suppression induced by curvature in the ''[[Liquid crystal#Smectic phases|Smectic-A phase]]'' of the crystals.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | access-date=17 May 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> He suggested an explanation for the anti-parallel correlations of near-neighbor molecules and ''apolar director'' of highly polar compounds as well as for the [[Nematic phase|nematic]] to nematic and smectic-A to smectic-A reentrant [[phase transitions]].<ref name="Imprints Collection" /> He elucidated the phenomenon of smectic-A phase with tilted molecules caused by off-axis molecular dipoles and demonstrated the impact of [[flexoelectricity]] in nematic phase transitions. He validated the intermediate phases of anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals and the ''B6-B1-B2 sequence'' of homologous bent-core molecules by developing models of ''chiral axial next nearest neighbor xy'' and a frustrated packing model. He also developed a methodology for measuring twist elastic constant of nematics.<ref name="Imprints Collection" /> These investigations assisted in a wider understanding of antiferroelectric correlations, electro hydrodynamical instabilities and molecular mechanism of liquid crystals.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee" /> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nelamangala_Madhusudana |title=On ResearchGate |date=2017 }}</ref> and the online article repository of Indian Academy of Sciences has listed 160 of them.<ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Madhusudana=3ANelamangala_Vedavyasachar=3A=3A.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114112615/http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Madhusudana=3ANelamangala_Vedavyasachar=3A=3A.html |archive-date=2019-11-14 |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences }}</ref> Besides, he has contributed chapters to books published by others<ref name="Mitra2009">{{cite book|author=Asoke Nath Mitra|title=India in the World of Physics: Then and Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PA199|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1579-6|pages=199–}}</ref><ref name="Buka1993">{{cite book|author=Agnes Buka|title=Modern Topics in Liquid Crystals: From Neutron Scattering to Ferroelectricity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilGEljTDU6QC&pg=PA195|year=1993|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-1539-2|pages=195–}}</ref> and his work has drawn citations from other scientists.<ref name="Bahadur1990">{{cite book|author=Birendra Bahadur|title=Liquid Crystals: Applications and Uses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wCs6E40ckC&pg=PA88|date=1 September 1990|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-2975-7|pages=88–}}</ref><ref name="BukaÉber2012">{{cite book|author1=Agnes Buka|author2=Nándor Éber|title=Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals: Theory, Experiments and Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H0Pu9CzC6aMC&pg=PA97|year=2012|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-1-84816-799-5|pages=97–}}</ref><ref name="BukaKramer2012">{{cite book|author1=Agnes Buka|author2=Lorenz Kramer|title=Pattern Formation in Liquid Crystals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kdPTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA220|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4612-3994-9|pages=220–}}</ref>

Mudhusudana assisted his mentor, S. Chandrasekhar, in founding the Liquid Crystal Laboratory at Raman Research Institute.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> His contributions were reported in the development of indigenous know-how for [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] for the manufacture of liquid crystal display panels.<ref name="Mitra2009" /> He is a former associate editor of [[Pramana (journal)|Pramana, Journal of Physics]] and is associated with science journals such as ''Liquid Crystal Communications'' journal of [[International Liquid Crystal Society]],<ref name="Liquid Crystal Communications journal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.e-lc.org/editorialb.html |title=Liquid Crystal Communications journal |date=2017 |publisher=International Liquid Crystal Society}}</ref> [[Indian Journal of Physics]] of [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]<ref name="Indian Journal of Physics">{{Cite web |url=https://www.springer.com/physics/journal/12648/PSE?detailsPage=editorialBoard |title=Indian Journal of Physics |date=2017 |publisher=Springer}}</ref> and the ''Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics'' of the [[National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources]] as a member of their editorial boards.<ref name="Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niscair.res.in/sciencecommunication/researchjournals/rejour/ijpap/ijpap0_march07.asp |title=Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics |date=2017 |publisher=National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources}}</ref> He is also a former editorial board member of "International Journal of Engineering Science" and "Liquid Crystals" journal. He served as the co-director of one of the seminars on soft condensed matter organized by [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]] and chaired a session of the "Indian Statistical Physics Community Meeting" of 2014 where he delivered a keynote address.<ref name="Indian Statistical Physics Community Meeting">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icts.res.in/discussion-meeting/ISPC2014/talks |title=Indian Statistical Physics Community Meeting |date=2017 |publisher=International Centre for Theoretical Sciences}}</ref> He also served as a member of the international scientific committee of the first ''Asian Conference on Liquid Crystals'' (ACLC2012) held in [[Yamanashi, Yamanashi|Yamanashi]], Japan in 2012.<ref name="International Scientific Committee">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aclc2012.org/committees.html |title=International Scientific Committee |date=2017 |publisher=Asian Conference on Liquid Crystals}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
The Indian Academy of Sciences elected Madhusudana as their fellow in 1974.<ref name="Fellow profile" /> The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1989.<ref name="CSIR list of Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise |title=CSIR list of Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research}}</ref> He received the Superconductivity and Materials Science Prize of the Materials Research Society of India in 2000,<ref name="Superconductivity and Materials Science Prize">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mrsi.org.in/awardshonours.php |title=Superconductivity and Materials Science Prize |date=2017 |publisher=Materials Research Society of India}}</ref> the same year as he became a fellow of the Indian National Science Academy.<ref name="INSA Year Book 2016">{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |title=INSA Year Book 2016 |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001952/http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2016 }}</ref> The award orations delivered by him include Savadatti Endowment lecture of [[Karnataka University]] Teachers Forum and Annual Lecture of the Bangalore chapter of Royal Chemical Society, both in 1999, Professor Kishore Memorial lecture of [[Indian Institute of Science]] in 2003,<ref name="Indian fellow" /> [[Department of Atomic Energy|DAE]]-Raja Ramanna lecture of [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]] in 2005<ref name="Raja Ramanna lecture">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/blank_page.php/DAE--Raja-Ramanna-Lecture-in-Physics/68/1/ |title=Raja Ramanna lecture |date=2017 |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research}}</ref> and Prof. Prakash P. Karat Endowment lecture of 2012.<ref name="N V Madhusudana, scientist emeritus from Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru will deliver the Prof Prakash P Karat Endowment Lecture on Elastic Properties of Liquid Crystals at Eric Mathias hall, St Aloysius College, Mangaluru on February 21">{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/N-V-Madhusudana-scientist-emeritus-from-Raman-Research-Institute-Bengaluru-will-deliver-the-Prof-Prakash-P-Karat-Endowment-Lecture-on-Elastic-Properties-of-Liquid-Crystals-at-Eric-Mathias-hall-St-Aloysius-College-Mangaluru-on-February-21-/articleshow/46296497.cms |title=N V Madhusudana, scientist emeritus from Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru will deliver the Prof Prakash P Karat Endowment Lecture on Elastic Properties of Liquid Crystals at Eric Mathias hall, St Aloysius College, Mangaluru on February 21 |date=19 February 2015 |publisher=Times of India}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Chapters ===
* {{cite book|author=Agnes Buka|title=Modern Topics in Liquid Crystals: From Neutron Scattering to Ferroelectricity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilGEljTDU6QC&pg=PA195|year=1993|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-1539-2|pages=195–}}
* {{cite book|author=Asoke Nath Mitra|title=India in the World of Physics: Then and Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PA199|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1579-6|pages=199–}}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last=N. V. Madhusudana |title=Role of Molecular Dipoles in Liquid Crystals |journal=Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals |date=2004 |volume=409 |issue=1 |pages=371–387 |doi=10.1080/15421400490433721|bibcode=2004MCLC..409..371M |s2cid=95815426 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=A. Roy, N. V. Madhusudana |title=A frustrated packing model for the B6 -B1 -SmAPA sequence of phases in banana shaped molecules |journal=European Physical Journal E |date=2005 |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=253–258 |doi=10.1140/epje/e2005-00033-x|pmid=16231073 |bibcode=2005EPJE...18..253R |s2cid=30360403 }}
* {{Cite journal |last= V. Manjuladevi, R. Pratibha, N.V. Madhusudana |title=Phase transitions in liquid crystals under negative pressures |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=2002 |volume=88 |issue=5 |article-number=055701 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.055701|pmid=11863748 |bibcode=2002PhRvL..88e5701M }}
* {{Cite journal |last=S. Dhara, N. V. Madhusudana |title=Effect of high electric fields on the nematic to isotropic transition in a material exhibiting large negative dielectric anisotropy |journal=European Physical Journal E |date=2007 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=139–149 |doi=10.1140/epje/e2007-00020-3|pmid=17356801 |bibcode=2007EPJE...22..139D |s2cid=34985945 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=A. Roy, N. V. Madhusudana |title=Influence of smectic liquid crystals on the Poisson-Boltzmann distribution of ions near charged surfaces |journal= Europhysics Letters |date=2008 |volume=84 |issue=3 |article-number=36006 |doi=10.1209/0295-5075/84/36006|bibcode=2008EL.....8436006R |s2cid=121151573 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=B. Kundu, R. Pratibha, N. V. Madhusudana |title=Orientational order in liquid crystals exhibited by some binary mixtures of rod-like and bent-core molecules |journal=European Physical Journal E |date=2010 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=145–152 |doi=10.1140/epje/i2010-10556-8|pmid=20195691 |s2cid=33775465 }}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Physics}}
* [[Geometrical frustration]]
* [[Hydrodynamic stability]]
* [[Anisotropy]]
* [[Poisson–Boltzmann equation]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite journal |title=Liquid crystals made of highly polar compounds |last=N.V. Madhusudana |date=1998 |publisher=Brazilian Journal of Physics |journal=Full Article|volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=301–303 |doi=10.1590/S0103-97331998000400006 |doi-access=free |s2cid=2265830 |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/df57/8afe488724ffc1dda06ed0f9f790d0afb89c.pdf }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_080_08_1018_1025_0.pdf |title=Recent advances in thermotropic liquid crystals |last=N. V. Madhusudana |date=April 2001 |publisher=Current Science |work=Full article}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.rri.res.in/htmls/library/imprints_collection/album/Prof%20N%20V%20Madhusudana/index.html |title=N. V. Madhusudana |date=2017 |publisher=Raman Research Institute |work=Image gallery}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhusudana, N. V.}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Indian optical physicists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Mysore]]
[[Category:University of Mysore alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Mysore]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Paris-Saclay University]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Bordeaux]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Physical Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Living people]]

N. V. Madhusudana - Revision history

KK JANGIR: Put up a details