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Reverted edits by Ebbedlila (talk) to last version by HMSLavender. requested at ANI

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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
[[File:N.S. Hardikar.jpg|thumb|Photo of Hardikar from the November 1915 issue of ''The Hindusthanee Student''.]]
[[File:NS Hardikar 1989 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Hardikar on a 1989 stamp of India]]
'''Narayan Subbarao Hardikar''' (7 May 1889 – 26 August 1975) was a freedom fighter and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] politician who founded the [[Seva Dal|Congress Seva Dal]].

== Biography ==

=== Early life ===
Hardikar was born in [[Dharwar]] in 1889 to Subbarao and Yamunabai.<ref name="kamat">{{cite web|title=Biography: N.S. Hardikar|url=http://www.kamat.com/database/biographies/n_s_hardikar.htm|publisher=Kamat Research Database|access-date=31 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="expressindia">{{cite news|title=An ideologue at the Congress's service|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20000515/ian15030.html|access-date=31 October 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=15 May 2000}}</ref><ref name="indianpost">{{cite web|title=Dr. N. S. Hardikar|url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/D/DR.%20N.S.%20HARDIKAR|publisher=Indian Post|access-date=31 October 2012}}</ref> He studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, [[Calcutta]] and then went to the United States for higher education.<ref name="kamat" />

=== Years in America ===
In 1916, he completed his M.Sc in [[Public health|Public Health]] from the [[University of Michigan]].<ref name="kamat" /> During his years in America, Hardikar met and became a close associate of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]. As Rai's colleague, Hardikar became an active participant in many political activities in America. He was secretary of the Home Rule League and helped organise the Indian Workers Union of America. As office bearers of the Home Rule League, Rai and Hardikar addressed the [[US Senate Foreign Relations Committee|US Senate’s Foreign Relations Committee]].<ref name="theprg.files.wordpress">{{cite web|last=Puri|first=Harish K.|title=Lajpat Rai in USA 1914 -1919: Life and Work of a Political Exile|url=http://theprg.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/puri-lala-lajpat-rai.pdf|access-date=31 October 2012}}</ref> He was also president of the Hindustan Association of America.<ref name="indianpost" /> Hardikar's pamphlet ''India – A Graveyard'' was extensively discussed in several newspapers and journals. He was managing editor of the journal Young India which Senator France of Maryland on the Foreign Relations Committee observed, had rendered "a valuable service in acquainting the people of America with the grave problems which confronted the people of India".<ref name="theprg.files.wordpress" />

=== Return to India ===
Hardikar returned to India in 1921.<ref name="kamat" /> During the [[Flag Satyagraha]] of 1923, Hardikar and his Hubli Seva Mandal gained national prominence after they refused to apologise to the British authorities to gain a commutation in their prison sentences. This resistance prompted the Congress to set up an organisation along the lines of the Mandal to groom a band of volunteers to combat the [[British Raj]].<ref name="expressindia" />
During the [[Kakinada]] Congress session of 1923 a 13-member committee under Hardikar was formed to look at the establishment of such an organisation. The Hindustani Seva Mandal was thus formed in 1923 and later rechristened the Seva Dal.<ref name="expressindia" /> Dr Hardikar was elected general secretary of the [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]] and published the monthly journal ''Volunteer''.<ref name="daijiworld">{{cite news|title=Birth Anniversary of Dr Narayan Subbu Rao Hardikar Celebrated with Fervour|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=137331|publisher=Daijiworld Media Network-Mangalore|date=8 May 2012}}</ref>

=== The Seva Dal ===
The Seva Dal was formed in 1923 following the Kakinada session of the Congress in 1923. Although [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] supported Hardikar, the idea of forming a militia like organisation faced much resistance from Congressman who feared it would lead to the erosion of civilian authority within the party and who argued that it contravened the principle of non-violence.<ref name="kamat" /> The Dal played a stellar role in the [[Civil Disobedience Movement]], organising mass picketing and enrollment of new members into the Congress party. The significance of the Dal in the Civil Disobedience Movement can be gauged from the fact that in 1934, when the Movement came to an end and the colonial authorities lifted the ban on the Congress and its organisations, they continued to proscribe the Dal.<ref name="Pandey2002">{{cite book|last=Pandey|first=Gyanendra|title=The Ascendancy of the Congress in Uttar Pradesh: Class, Community and Nation in Northern India, 1920–1940|year=2002|publisher=Anthem Press|location=London|pages=36}}</ref> The Seva Dal became the central volunteer organisation of the Congress and focused attention on imparting its volunteers physical training and worked towards promoting communal amity.<ref name="expressindia" />

=== Post-Independence ===
Dr Hardikar helped found the [[Karnatak Health Institute]] at [[Ghataprabha]]. He was a two-term [[Rajya Sabha]] MP from 1952 to 1962 and was conferred the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1958.<ref name="daijiworld" /> Dr Hardikar died on 26 August 1975. To commemorate his birth centenary, the [[India Post|Department of Posts]] issued a [[commemorative stamp]] in his honour in 1989.<ref name="indianpost" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|N. S. Hardikar}}
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/search/N.S.%20Hardikar N.S. Hardikar materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hardikar, N.S.}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Michigan School of Public Health alumni]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work]]
[[Category:People from Dharwad]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]

N. S. Hardikar - Revision history

->ElliAWB: Reverted edits by Ebbedlila (talk) to last version by HMSLavender. requested at ANI