N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar - Revision history

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	\|term_start1 = 13 May 1952		\|term_start1 = 13 May 1952
	\|term_end1 =10 February 1953		\|term_end1 =10 February 1953
	\|predecessor1 = Position established		\|predecessor1 = ''Position established''
	\| president1 = [[Rajendra Prasad]]		\| president1 = [[Rajendra Prasad]]
	\| primeminister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]		\| primeminister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:56, 25 October 2022
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	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	Gopalaswami Ayyangar was born on 31 March 1882 in Tanjore District [[Madras Presidency]]. He studied at the [~~http://wesleyschool.in/~~ Wesley School], and at the Presidency and Law Colleges in [[Madras]], whereafter, for a short period in 1904, he was an Assistant Professor in [[Pachaiyappa's College]].		Gopalaswami Ayyangar was born on 31 March 1882 in Tanjore District [[Madras Presidency]]. He studied at the [[Wesley Higher Secondary School\|Wesley School]], and at the [[Presidency College, Chennai\|Presidency]] and [[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai\|Law]] Colleges in [[Madras]], whereafter, for a short period in 1904, he was an Assistant Professor in [[Pachaiyappa's College]].

	==Career==		==Career==
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	==Honors==		==Honors==
	A distinguished administrator and a civil servant, Ayyangar held seven titles until 1947 including the title of [[Diwan Bahadur]], the highest title awarded by a British viceroy. Other titles conferred on him by the [[United Kingdom\|British]] government were a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1935 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours list,<ref>[http://www.~~london-gazette~~.co.uk/~~issues~~/34166/~~supplements~~/3599 London Gazette, 3 June 1935]</ref> a Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) in the 1937 Coronation Honours list<ref>[http://www.~~london-gazette~~.co.uk/~~issues~~/34396/~~supplements~~/3080 London Gazette, 11 May 1937]</ref> and a knighthood in 1941 New Year Honours list.<ref>[http://www.~~london-gazette~~.co.uk/~~issues~~/35029/~~supplements~~/2 London Gazette, 1 January 1941]</ref>		A distinguished administrator and a civil servant, Ayyangar held seven titles until 1947 including the title of [[Diwan Bahadur]], the highest title awarded by a British viceroy. Other titles conferred on him by the [[United Kingdom\|British]] government were a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1935 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours list,<ref>[http://www.thegazette.co.uk/london/issue/34166/supplement/3599 London Gazette, 3 June 1935]</ref> a Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) in the 1937 Coronation Honours list<ref>[http://www.thegazette.co.uk/london/issue/34396/supplement/3080 London Gazette, 11 May 1937]</ref> and a knighthood in 1941 New Year Honours list.<ref>[http://www.thegazette.co.uk/london/issue/35029/supplement/2 London Gazette, 1 January 1941]</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==
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	[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]		[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
	[[Category:Indian ~~knights~~]]		[[Category:Indian Knights Bachelor]]
	[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]		[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
	[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]		[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
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	[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]		[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
	[[Category:Dewan Bahadurs]]		[[Category:Dewan Bahadurs]]
	[[Category:Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]		[[Category:Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)]]
	[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]		[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]
	[[Category:Defence Ministers of India]]		[[Category:Defence Ministers of India]]
	[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]		[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]

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	\| birth_name = Narasimha Ayyangar Gopalaswami Ayyangar		\| birth_name = Narasimha Ayyangar Gopalaswami Ayyangar
	\| birth_date = 31 March 1882		\| birth_date = 31 March 1882
	\| birth_place = Tanjore district, [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]		\| birth_place = [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)\|Tanjore district]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1953\|2\|10\|1882\|3\|31}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1953\|2\|10\|1882\|3\|31}}
	\| death_place = Madras, [[Madras State]], India<br> (now [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]~~<nowiki>~~)~~</nowiki>~~		\| death_place = Madras, [[Madras State]], India<br> (now [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]])


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	}}		}}

	~~''[[~~Diwan Bahadur~~]]''~~ '''~~Sir~~ Narasimha ~~Ayyangar~~ Gopalaswami Ayyangar''' {{Post-nominals\|country=GBR\|CSI\|CIE}} (31 March 1882 – 10 February 1953), ~~Member of~~ the ~~Drafting Committee~~ of the ~~Constitution, was a leader~~ of ~~the~~ [[~~Rajya Sabha~~]] and a ~~cabinet~~ minister in the [[~~Government~~ of India]], ~~first as~~ a [[minister without portfolio]] ~~but~~ looking after Kashmir Affairs, and ~~later as~~ the ~~railway minister~~.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/exclusive/forgotten-fathers-of-the-constitution_598978.html ~~\|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2012-05-26~~ \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529125047/http://zeenews.india.com/news/exclusive/forgotten-fathers-of-the-constitution_598978.html \|archive-date=2012-05-29 }}</ref>		Diwan Bahadur Sir '''Narasimha Gopalaswami Ayyangar''' {{Post-nominals\|country=GBR\|CSI\|CIE}} (31 March 1882 – 10 February 1953) was an Indian civil servant and statesman, who served as the Prime Minister of the princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] and later a minister in the [[First Nehru ministry\|first cabinet]] of independent India. He was a member of the drafting committee of the [[Constitution of India]], the leader of the [[Rajya Sabha]], a '[[minister without portfolio]]' looking after Kashmir Affairs, and the [[Ministry of Railways (India)\|Minister for Railways]].<ref name=HinduObit/><ref>
			{{cite news \|title=Forgotten fathers of the Constitution \|newspaper=Zee News \|date=26 January 2010 \|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/exclusive/forgotten-fathers-of-the-constitution_598978.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529125047/http://zeenews.india.com/news/exclusive/forgotten-fathers-of-the-constitution_598978.html \|archive-date=2012-05-29}}
			</ref>

	In his Kashmir Affairs role, he represented India at the [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute\|United Nations Security Council]] and later drafted the [[Article 370]] of the Indian Constitution that granted autonomy to [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]].		In his Kashmir Affairs role, he represented India at the [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute\|United Nations Security Council]] and later drafted the [[Article 370]] of the Indian Constitution that granted autonomy to [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]].
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	==Career==		==Career==
	In 1905, Ayyangar joined the Madras Civil Service. He served as a Deputy Collector till 1919, and was promoted Collector and District Magistrate in 1920. He was the Registrar-General of Panchayats and Inspector of Local Boards for seven years from 1921. During this time many villages [[panchayats]] were organized in the districts of [[Ramnad]] and [[Guntur]].<ref>Srinivasan, N. "Village Governments in India". The Far Eastern Quarterly 15.2 (Feb 1956):209.</ref> Then for three years, he was Collector and District Magistrate in [[Anantapur district\|Anantapur]]. Following that he was Inspector of Municipal Councils and Local Boards till 1932. Mr. Ayyangar served as Secretary to Government in the Public Works Department from 1932 to 1934. Finally, he served as a member of the Board of Revenue until 1937. The second phase of his career was devoted to politics. He was Prime Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] from 1937-1943 and was appointed Council of State from 1943-1947. During that time he was Chairman of the Committee for the Indianisation of Army. From 1947-1948 he served as Minister without Portfolio in the first cabinet under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. This was followed by his sojourn as Minister of Railways and Transport from 1948-1952, and finally, he served as Defence Minister from 1952-1953.<ref name=HinduObit>{{cite ~~web~~\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/02/10/stories/2003021001500800.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031020123901/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/02/10/stories/2003021001500800.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=20 October ~~2003\| title=dated February 10, 1953: N.G. Ayyangar passes away\| access-date=24 April 2018 \|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\| date=10 February~~ 2003 }}</ref>		In 1905, Ayyangar joined the Madras Civil Service. He served as a Deputy Collector till 1919, and was promoted Collector and District Magistrate in 1920. He was the Registrar-General of Panchayats and Inspector of Local Boards for seven years from 1921. During this time many villages [[panchayats]] were organized in the districts of [[Ramnad]] and [[Guntur]].<ref>Srinivasan, N. "Village Governments in India". The Far Eastern Quarterly 15.2 (Feb 1956):209.</ref> Then for three years, he was Collector and District Magistrate in [[Anantapur district\|Anantapur]]. Following that he was Inspector of Municipal Councils and Local Boards till 1932. Mr. Ayyangar served as Secretary to Government in the Public Works Department from 1932 to 1934. Finally, he served as a member of the Board of Revenue until 1937. The second phase of his career was devoted to politics. He was Prime Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] from 1937-1943 and was appointed Council of State from 1943-1947. During that time he was Chairman of the Committee for the Indianisation of Army. From 1947-1948 he served as Minister without Portfolio in the first cabinet under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. This was followed by his sojourn as Minister of Railways and Transport from 1948-1952, and finally, he served as Defence Minister from 1952-1953.<ref name=HinduObit>
			{{cite news \| title=N.G. Ayyangar passes away \|newspaper=The Hindu \|date=10 February 1953 \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/02/10/stories/2003021001500800.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031020123901/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/02/10/stories/2003021001500800.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=20 October 2003}}
			</ref>

	==Prime Minister of Kashmir (1937-1943)==		==Prime Minister of Kashmir (1937-1943)==
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	== Government of India ==		== Government of India ==
			[[File:The first Cabinet of independent India.jpg\|thumb\|right\|280px\|The first cabinet of independent India. Gopalaswami Ayyangar is fourth from the left in the back row]]
	=== Constituent Assembly of India ===		=== Constituent Assembly of India ===
	In 1946, Ayyangar was elected to the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], which convened in December 1946 with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] as its president. Ayyangar was appointed to the thirteen-member Drafting Committee that formulated the Indian Constitution.<ref name=Thalpiyal/><ref name=cadindia>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/constituent_assembly_members/n_gopalswami_ayyangar N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar], Constituent Assembly Debates web site, retrieved 4 January 2018.</ref>		In 1946, Ayyangar was elected to the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], which convened in December 1946 with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] as its president. Ayyangar was appointed to the thirteen-member Drafting Committee that formulated the Indian Constitution.<ref name=Thalpiyal/><ref name=cadindia>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/constituent_assembly_members/n_gopalswami_ayyangar N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar], Constituent Assembly Debates web site, retrieved 4 January 2018.</ref>

>PQR01: Adding local short description: "Indian politician", overriding Wikidata description "Indian politician" (Shortdesc helper)

2021-08-17T07:42:03Z

Adding local short description: "Indian politician", overriding Wikidata description "Indian politician" (Shortdesc helper)

New page

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Dewan Bahadur]] Sir
| name = N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar

| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Star of India|CSI]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]
| image = File:Gopalaswamy Ayyangar.jpg
| birth_name = Narasimha Ayyangar Gopalaswami Ayyangar
| birth_date = 31 March 1882
| birth_place = Tanjore district, [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1953|2|10|1882|3|31}}
| death_place = Madras, [[Madras State]], India<br> (now [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<nowiki>)</nowiki>

|office = 2nd [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]
|primeminister = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| president = [[Rajendra Prasad]]
|term_start = 13 May 1952
|term_end = 10 February 1953
|predecessor = [[Baldev Singh]]
|successor = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]

| office1 = 1st [[Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha]]
|term_start1 = 13 May 1952
|term_end1 =10 February 1953
|predecessor1 = Position established
| president1 = [[Rajendra Prasad]]
| primeminister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| successor1 =[[Charu Chandra Biswas]]

| office2 = [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Minister of Railways & Transport]]
| lieutenant1 =
| monarch2 = [[King George VI]] (1936-1950)
| president2 = [[Rajendra Prasad]]
| primeminister2 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| successor2 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| termend2 = 13 May 1952
| termstart2 = 22 September 1948
| office3 = Prime Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| term_start3 = 1937
| term_end3 = 1943
| monarch3 = [[Hari Singh]]
| successor3 = [[Kailash Nath Haksar]]
}}

''[[Diwan Bahadur]]'' '''Sir Narasimha Ayyangar Gopalaswami Ayyangar''' {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|CSI|CIE}} (31 March 1882 – 10 February 1953), Member of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution, was a leader of the [[Rajya Sabha]] and a cabinet minister in the [[Government of India]], first as a [[minister without portfolio]] but looking after Kashmir Affairs, and later as the railway minister.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/exclusive/forgotten-fathers-of-the-constitution_598978.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529125047/http://zeenews.india.com/news/exclusive/forgotten-fathers-of-the-constitution_598978.html |archive-date=2012-05-29 }}</ref>

In his Kashmir Affairs role, he represented India at the [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute|United Nations Security Council]] and later drafted the [[Article 370]] of the Indian Constitution that granted autonomy to [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

==Early life and education==
Gopalaswami Ayyangar was born on 31 March 1882 in Tanjore District [[Madras Presidency]]. He studied at the [http://wesleyschool.in/ Wesley School], and at the Presidency and Law Colleges in [[Madras]], whereafter, for a short period in 1904, he was an Assistant Professor in [[Pachaiyappa's College]].

==Career==
In 1905, Ayyangar joined the Madras Civil Service. He served as a Deputy Collector till 1919, and was promoted Collector and District Magistrate in 1920. He was the Registrar-General of Panchayats and Inspector of Local Boards for seven years from 1921. During this time many villages [[panchayats]] were organized in the districts of [[Ramnad]] and [[Guntur]].<ref>Srinivasan, N. "Village Governments in India". The Far Eastern Quarterly 15.2 (Feb 1956):209.</ref> Then for three years, he was Collector and District Magistrate in [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]. Following that he was Inspector of Municipal Councils and Local Boards till 1932. Mr. Ayyangar served as Secretary to Government in the Public Works Department from 1932 to 1934. Finally, he served as a member of the Board of Revenue until 1937. The second phase of his career was devoted to politics. He was Prime Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] from 1937-1943 and was appointed Council of State from 1943-1947. During that time he was Chairman of the Committee for the Indianisation of Army. From 1947-1948 he served as Minister without Portfolio in the first cabinet under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. This was followed by his sojourn as Minister of Railways and Transport from 1948-1952, and finally, he served as Defence Minister from 1952-1953.<ref name=HinduObit>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/02/10/stories/2003021001500800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031020123901/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/02/10/stories/2003021001500800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2003| title=dated February 10, 1953: N.G. Ayyangar passes away| access-date=24 April 2018 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| date=10 February 2003 }}</ref>

==Prime Minister of Kashmir (1937-1943)==
{{expand section|date=December 2017}}
Ayyangar's political career gained prominence during his tenure as Prime Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (1937–43).

== Government of India ==
=== Constituent Assembly of India ===
In 1946, Ayyangar was elected to the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], which convened in December 1946 with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] as its president. Ayyangar was appointed to the thirteen-member Drafting Committee that formulated the Indian Constitution.<ref name=Thalpiyal/><ref name=cadindia>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/constituent_assembly_members/n_gopalswami_ayyangar N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar], Constituent Assembly Debates web site, retrieved 4 January 2018.</ref>

===Kashmir affairs===
Soon after the [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|accession]] of Jammu and Kashmir in October 1947, Nehru appointed Ayyangar as a cabinet [[minister without portfolio]] and asked him to look after Kashmir affairs, while Nehru himself held the overall charge for Kashmir. The move caused frictions with the home minister [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], who should have normally been responsible for Kashmir along with all other princely states.<ref name=Thalpiyal/>

Ayyangar led the delegation representing India in the United Nations over the [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute|Kashmir dispute]] in 1948.<ref>"Indian Defense Aide Dies."''New York Times''. 10 February 1953:27.</ref> In 1952, Prime Minister Nehru appointed him as India's representative in the ongoing negotiations and discussions about Kashmir at the Geneva talks.<ref>"Nehru Appoints Aide for Kashmir Parley."''New York Times''. 6 August 1952:3.</ref>

Ayyangar was the chief drafter of Article 370 which granted local autonomy to the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name=Thalpiyal>Thalpiyal, Sheru, Maj. Gen., [http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/article-370-the-untold-story/ "Article 370: The Untold Story."], ''Indian Defence Review'' 26.1, 2011</ref>

===Minister of Railways and Transport===
During his tenure as Minister for Railways and Transport from 1948–52, the railways experienced considerable growth and expansion in services and equipment. He was the main architect in the regrouping of the Indian Railways into six zonal systems - Central, Eastern, Northern, North-eastern, Southern, and Western.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} Under his leadership, the operation of the railways was smooth and productive. The railway budget also reported surplus earnings at this time.<ref>"Surplus is Indicated for India's Railways". ''New York Times''. 23 February 1952:4.</ref>

===Reorganization of Government===
In 1949, he presented his report on the "Reorganization of the Government Machinery" in an effort to streamline government services and maintain efficiency in the public sphere. He recommended the establishment of four standing committees, and, as a result of this report, the Defence Committee, the Economic Committee, the Parliamentary and Legal Affairs Committee, and the Administrative Organization Committee were formed by the Union government.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iLPz425GV0C|title=Indian Administration|isbn=9788131799253|last1=Singh|first1=Hoshiar|last2=Singh|first2=Pankaj|year=2011}}</ref>

==Death==
Ayyangar died in Madras at the age of 71 on 10 February 1953, and was survived by his wife, a son, [[Gopalaswami Parthasarathy (diplomat)|G. Parthasarathy]], who was then Assistant Editor of ''[[The Hindu]]'', and a daughter.<ref name=HinduObit />

==Honors==
A distinguished administrator and a civil servant, Ayyangar held seven titles until 1947 including the title of [[Diwan Bahadur]], the highest title awarded by a British viceroy. Other titles conferred on him by the [[United Kingdom|British]] government were a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1935 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours list,<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34166/supplements/3599 London Gazette, 3 June 1935]</ref> a Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) in the 1937 Coronation Honours list<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34396/supplements/3080 London Gazette, 11 May 1937]</ref> and a knighthood in 1941 New Year Honours list.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/35029/supplements/2 London Gazette, 1 January 1941]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayyangar, N. Gopalaswami}}
[[Category:Tamil civil servants]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:People of the Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of India to the United Nations]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Dewan Bahadurs]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Defence Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]