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{{Short description|Trademarked perfume oil}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Mysore Sandalwood Oil
| image =SandalwoodEssOil.png
| image_size =
| alt = A phial of Mysore Sandalwood Oil
| caption = A phial of Mysore Sandalwood Oil
| alternative names =
| description = 
| type = perfumed oil extract
| area = [[Mysore]] district
| country = India
| registered = 2005
| material =
| official website = http://ipindia.nic.in
}}{{Mysore Kingdom series}}

'''Mysore Sandalwood Oil''' is a [[trademark]]ed perfume oil extracted from the ''[[Santalum album]]'' variety of [[sandalwood]] tree (also known as a "royal tree") in the [[Mysore district]] of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name=Sandal/>{{Sfn|Pitman|2004|p=290}}<ref name=Natarajan/>

==History==
Initially, [[sandalwood oil]] was extracted in India by crude methods. Before [[World War I]], sandalwood from the Mysore district was distilled in [[Germany]] and sold there. However, when World War I broke out in 1914, this route of extraction had to be closed down, resulting in a loss of revenue to the exchequer. Due to this closure to the market, the Maharajah of Mysore appointed Alfred Chatterton, the director of industries in Mysore to develop the distillation of the oil. Chatterton enlisted the help of professors [[J. J. Sudborough]] and [[H. E. Watson]] who extracted the first sample of sandalwood oil in India at the [[Indian Institute of Science]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/cover-story/2018/12/14/mysore-sandal-soap-a-maharajas-gift|title=''Mysore Sandal Soap : A Maharaja's Gift''|work=Live India History|date=2 November 2020|access-date=9 April 2021|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410082841/https://www.livehistoryindia.com/cover-story/2018/12/14/mysore-sandal-soap-a-maharajas-gift|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1916–17, the sandalwood oil distillery was established in Mysore by the then Mysore government (now the Karnataka government) to distil oil from sandalwood.<ref name=Natarajan>{{Cite journal |last=Natarajan |first=K.R. |url= http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cen-v006n004.p006 |title=Mysore Sandalwood-Oil Factories |year=1928 |volume=6 |issue=4 |page=6 |access-date=26 January 2016 |journal= Chem. Eng. News|doi=10.1021/cen-v006n004.p006 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 }}</ref> In 1977, the Mysore district had about 85,000 sandalwood trees, and production reported during 1985-86 was about {{convert|20,000|kg}} of raw sandalwood. To preserve its importance to the economy, according to the ''Government Gazetteer'', the government introduced special laws and regulations. In the erstwhile princely state of Mysore (part of Karnataka since independence), sandal was a "royal tree", with the state government controlling it.{{Sfn|(India)|1988|p=1071}}

This oil has been registered for protection under the geographical indication of the [[TRIPS Agreement|Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights]] (TRIPS) agreement. In 2006, it was listed as "Mysore Sandalwood Oil" under the GI Act 1999 of the Government of India, with registration confirmed by the Controller General of Patents Designs and Trademarks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=1840 |title=28 Products Registered As Geographical Indications |date=9 November 2006 |access-date=26 January 2016 |publisher=Ministry of Commerce and Industry |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404204206/http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=1840 |archive-date=4 April 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Uses==
The heartwood or the trunk of the sandalwood tree and also its roots are used in the oil extraction process.<ref name=Sandal>{{Cite news |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Demise-of-sandalwood/articleshow/12078008.cms|title=Demise of sandalwood |date= 29 February 2012 |access-date=26 January 2016|newspaper=Times of India}}</ref>{{Sfn|(India)|1988|p=1071}}

The oil is used in the manufacture of soaps, [[incense]], scents, and cosmetics; it also has several uses in religious rites, skin and hair therapeutic treatments, and in pharmaceuticals. There are many varieties of sandalwood oil, and Mysore sandalwood oil was considered one of the best in 1938.<ref name=Sandal/>{{Sfn|Dept|1938|p=58}} The sandalwood oil produced in Mysore accounted for 70% of the world's sandalwood production in 1996.{{Sfn| Rangarajan|1996|p=240}} It is used as a "blender fixative" in the blending of many popular perfumes in the world.{{Sfn| Rangarajan|1996|p=240}} In 1942 it was assessed as having an assured minimum of 90% [[α-Santalol|santalol]], and of comparable standard to any sandalwood oil produced elsewhere.{{Sfn|Merrin|1942|p=121}}

According to [[Swami Vivekananda]], Mysore was identified with sandalwood, which was integral to the religious, social and ceremonial life of the east. Vivekananda said "the lingering perfume of this wood may be truly said to have made its conquest of the world".{{Sfn|Vivekananda|1943|p=21}}

The heartwood of the tree, which is not affected by insects, has been used to fashion furniture and temple structures in India. Its oil has been considered an [[aphrodisiac]], as its aroma has similarity with [[androsterone]], a male hormone.{{Sfn|Wilson|2002|p=120}} In [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic medicine]], sandalwood is used to combat [[urinary tract infection]]s, [[prostate]] dysfunction, [[diarrhea]], [[earache]], and lung infections. Practitioners of [[traditional Chinese medicine]] use it to treat [[cholera]], [[gonorrhea]], and [[abdominal pain]].{{Sfn|Wilson|2002|p=120}}

==See also==
*[[Navalgund durrie|Navalgund durries]]
*[[Coorg orange]]
*[[Byadagi chilli]]
*[[Dharwad pedha]]
*[[Mattu gulla]]
*[[Mysore pak]]
*[[Mysore silk]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last= Dept |first= Mysore. Information
|title=Handbook |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Wq8CAAAAMAAJ |year=1938 |publisher=The University of Michigan }}
*{{cite book|last=(India)|first=Karnataka |title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yQLAQAAIAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press}}
*{{cite book |last=Merrin |first= Archibald C. |title=The Perfumery and Essential Oil Record Year Book & Diary |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4xFtAAAAMAAJ |year=1942 |publisher=G. Street & Co. }}
*{{cite book|last= Pitman |first=Vicki |title=Aromatherapy: A Practical Approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTxofb0MUoMC&pg=PA290|year=2004|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-7487-7346-6}}
*{{cite book |last= Rangarajan |first= S. |title=Frontline |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ap1KAQAAIAAJ |date=22 March 1996 |publisher= Kasturi & Sons }}
*{{cite book|last= Vivekananda |first=Swami |title=Awakened India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfkoAAAAYAAJ|year=1943|publisher=Swami Smaranananda}}
*{{cite book|last= Wilson |first=Roberta |title=Aromatherapy: Essential Oils for Vibrant Health and Beauty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ELvWZvGuk6AC&pg=PA120|year=2002|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-58333-130-9}}

[[Category:Perfumes]]
[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Economy of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Mysore]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Karnataka]]

Mysore Sandalwood Oil - Revision history

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