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{{Short description|Wikipedia list article}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2011}}
The '''Muzaffarid dynasty''', sometimes referred as '''Ahmedabad dynasty''', were [[Sultanate of Gujarat|Sultans of Gujarat]] in western [[India]] from 1391 to 1583. The founder of the dynasty was Zafar Khan (later [[Muzaffar Shah I]]) who was governor of Gujarat under the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. Zafar Khan's father Sadharan, has been variously described as a Tank [[Rajput]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Abbas|first=Syed Anwer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bys8EAAAQBAJ&q=confluence+of+culture+tanka+rajput&pg=PT24|title=Confluence of Cultures: Hindu, Muslim, Buddhists & Jain mosque and Mausoleum|publisher=Notion Press|year=2021|isbn=9781639046041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&q=Sadharan&pg=PA70|title=Medieval India ( From Sultanat to the Mughals), PART ONE Delhi Sultanat ( 1206-1526)|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=2004|pages=218|isbn=9788124110645}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Muzaffar Husain Syed|first=Syed Saud Akhtar, BD Usmani|title=Concise History of Islam|year=2011|pages=271}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Kapadia|first=Aparna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrxsDwAAQBAJ&q=aparna+kapadia+tank+rajput&pg=PA8|title=Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2018|pages=8|isbn=9781107153318}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Edward James Rapson|first=Sir Wolseley Haig, Sir Richard Burn|title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans, edited by W Haig, 1965|publisher=Cambridge|year=1965|location=|pages=294}}</ref>{{sfn|Chaube|1975|p=4}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mahajan|first=VD|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JnscEAAAQBAJ&q=mahajan+zafar+khan+rajput&pg=PA245|title=History of Medieval India|publisher=S. Chand|year=2007|pages=245|isbn=9788121903646}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Everett|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giEkCQAAQBAJ&q=jenkins+rajput+everett+zafar+khan&pg=PA275|title=The Muslim Diaspora - A comprehensive reference to the spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the America, 570 - 1799|publisher=McFarland & Company Inc.|year=2010|pages=275|isbn=9780786447138}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jutta|first=Jain-Neubauer|title=The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art- Historical perspective|year=1981|pages=62}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saran|first=Kishori Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hxZuAAAAMAAJ&q=kishori+saran+lal+wajih-ul-mulk|title=The legacy of Muslim Rule in India|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|year=1992|pages=233|isbn=9788185689036}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lane-Pool|first=Stanley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5fDgAwAAQBAJ&q=stanley+pool+zafar+khan+rajput&pg=PA312|title=Mohammadan Dyn: Orientalism V 2 - volume 2, page -312 , writer|year=2014|pages=312|isbn=9781317853947}}</ref> or a [[Khatri]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kapadia|first=Aparna|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/in-praise-of-kings/355C797BE6B102214BF1C4A043450482|title=In Praise of Kings: Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-15331-8|location=Cambridge|pages=120|quote=Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of Muzaffar Shah's ancestors having once been Hindus "Tanks" a branch of Khatris who trace their dynasty from the solar god.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kapadia|first=Aparna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrxsDwAAQBAJ|title=Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region|date=2018-05-16|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-15331-8|pages=120|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wink|first=André|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&q=muzaffar+khan+tank+khatri&pg=PA143|title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries|date=2003|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13561-1|pages=143|language=en|quote=Similarly, Zaffar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of low subdivision called Tank.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Iqtidar Alam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzZFUcDpDzsC&q=muzaffar+shah+tank+khatri&pg=PA107|title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval India|date=2008-04-25|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-5503-8|pages=107|language=en|quote=The founder of the Gujarat Sultanate he was a convert from a sect of Hindu Khatris known as Tanks.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Misra|first=S. C. (Satish Chandra)|url=http://archive.org/details/riseofmuslimpowe0000unse|title=The rise of Muslim power in Gujarat; a history of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442|date=1963|publisher=New York, Asia Pub. House|others=Internet Archive|pages=137|quote=Zafar Khan was not a foreign muslim. He was a convert to Islam from a sect of the Khatris known as Tank.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Iqtidar Alam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4PfAAAAMAAJ|title=Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566526-0|pages=57|language=en|quote=Zafar Khan (entitled Muzaffar Shah) himself was a convert to Islam from a sub-caste of the Khatris known as Tank.}}</ref> convert from Hinduism to [[Islam]]. He adopted the name Wajih-ul-Mulk. He was originally from Southern Punjab, rising to nobel status in the Delhi Sultan's court. His Hindu forebearers claimed descend from [[Rama|Rāmachandra]], who the Hindus worshipped as God. When the Sultanate was weakened by the sacking of [[Delhi]] by [[Timur]] in 1398, and Zafar Khan took the opportunity to establish himself as sultan of an independent Gujarat. His son, [[Ahmed Shah I]] established the capital at [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Ahmedabad|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3354|year=1879|publisher=Government Central Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3354/page/n254 249]}}</ref> The dynasty ruled for almost 200 years, until the conquest of Gujarat by the [[Mughal Empire]] in 1572.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=114–115}}</ref> The sultanate reached its peak of expansion under [[Mahmud Begada]], reaching east into [[Malwa]] and west to the [[Gulf of Kutch]].<ref name="Mitra2005">{{cite book|author=Sudipta Mitra|title=Gir Forest and the Saga of the Asiatic Lion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0rME6RjC1sC&pg=PA14|year=2005|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-183-2|page=14}}</ref>

==Sultans of Gujarat Sultanate==
{| width=100% class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width=9% | Title/Name<ref>The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys Series; Author:Clifford Edmund Bosworth {{ISBN|0-7486-2137-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7486-2137-8}}</ref>
! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width=9% | Personal Name
! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width=9% | Reign
|-
|align="center"|''Shams-ud-Din'' [[Muzaffar Shah I]] {{Nastaliq| شمس الدین مظفر شاہ اول}}
|align="center"| Zafar Khan
|align="center"|1391 - 1403 (''1st Reign'')
|-
|align="center"| ''Nasir-ud-Din'' [[Muhammad Shah I]] {{Nastaliq| نصیر الدین محمد شاہ اول}} 
|align="center"| Tatar Khan
|align="center"|1403 - 1404
|-
|align="center"|''Shams-ud-Din'' [[Muzaffar Shah I]] {{Nastaliq| شمس الدین مظفر شاہ اول}}
|align="center"| Zafar Khan
|align="center"|1404 - 1411 (''2nd Reign'')
|-
|align="center"| ''Nasir-ud-Din'' [[Ahmad Shah I]] {{Nastaliq| ناصر الدین احمد شاہ اول}}
|align="center"| Ahmad Khan
|align="center"|1411 - 1443
|-
|align="center"|''Muizz-ud-Din'' [[Muhammad Shah II]] {{Nastaliq| المعز الدین محمد شاہ دوم}}
|align="center"| Karim Khan
|align="center"| 1443 - 1451
|-
|align="center"|''Qutb-ud-Din'' [[Ahmad Shah II]] {{Nastaliq| قطب الدین احمد شاہ دوم}}
|align="center"| Jalal Khan
|align="center"| 1451 - 1458
|-
|align="center"| [[Daud Shah of Gujarat|Daud Shah]] {{Nastaliq| داود شاہ }}
|align="center"| Daud Khan
|align="center"| 1458
|-
|align="center"|''Nasir-ud-Din'' [[Mahmud Begada|Mahmud Shah I]] (''Mahmud Begada'') {{Nastaliq| ناصر الدین محمود شاہ اول محمود بگڑا}}
|align="center"| Fateh Khan
|align="center"| 1458 - 1511
|-
|align="center"|''Shams-ud-Din'' [[Muzaffar Shah II]] {{Nastaliq| شمس الدین مظفر شاہ دوم}}
|align="center"| Khalil Khan
|align="center"| 1511 - 1526
|-
|align="center"|[[Sikandar Shah of Gujarat|Sikandar Shah]] {{Nastaliq| سکندر شاہ }}
|align="center"| Sikandar Khan
|align="center"| 1526
|-
|align="center"|''Nasir-ud-Din'' [[Mahmud Shah II of Gujarat|Mahmud Shah II]] {{Nastaliq| ناصر الدین محمود شاہ دوم}}
|align="center"| Nasir Khan
|align="center"| 1526
|-
|align="center"|''Qutb-ud-Din'' [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]] {{Nastaliq| قطب الدین بہادرشاہ }}
|align="center"| Bahadur Khan
|align="center"| 1526 - 1535 (''1st Reign'')
|-
|colspan=4 align="middle"| [[Interregnum]] [[Mughal Empire]] under [[Humayun]]: 1535 - 1536
|-
|align="center"|''Qutb-ud-Din'' [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]] {{Nastaliq| قطب الدین بہادرشاہ }}
|align="center"| Bahadur Khan
|align="center"|1536 - 1537 (''2nd Reign'')
|-
|align="center"|[[Farooqi dynasty|Miran Muhammad Shah I]] {{Nastaliq| میران محمد شاہ تریہم}}
|align="center"| Miran Muhammad Faruqi of Khandesh
|align="center"| 6 weeks; 1537
|-
|align="center"|''Nasir-ud-Din'' [[Mahmud Shah III of Gujarat|Mahmud Shah III]] {{Nastaliq| ناصر الدین محمود شاہ تریہم}}
|align="center"| Mahmud Khan
|align="center"| 1537 - 1554
|-
|align="center"|''Ghiyas-ud-Din'' [[Ahmad Shah III]] {{Nastaliq| غیاث الدین احمد شاہ تریہم}}
|align="center"| Ahmad Khan
|align="center"| 1554 - 1561
|-
|align="center"|''Shams-ud-Din'' [[Muzaffar Shah III]] {{Nastaliq| شمس الدین مظفر شاہ تریہم}}
|align="center"|Hubboo<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702050%26ct%3D0 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714022016/https://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702050%26ct%3D0 |archive-date=2018-07-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> or Nannu or Nathu <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00701023%26ct%3D151%26rqs%3D256%26rqs%3D436%26rqs%3D514%26rqs%3D601%26rqs%3D734 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011605/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00701023&ct=151&rqs=256&rqs=436&rqs=514&rqs=601&rqs=734 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>(a pretender according to Mughal historians)
|align="center"|1561 - 1573
|-
|colspan=4 align="middle"| [[Interregnum]] [[Mughal Empire]] under [[Akbar]]: 1573 - 1583
|-
|align="center"|''Shams-ud-Din'' [[Muzaffar Shah III]] {{Nastaliq| شمس الدین مظفر شاہ تریہم}}
|align="center"|Hubboo or Nannu or Nathu (a pretender according to Mughal historians)
|align="center"|1583 (Restored)
|-
|colspan=4 align="middle"| [[Mughal Empire]] under [[Akbar]]
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Gujarat Sultanate]]
[[Category:Indian former Hindus]]
[[Category:1583 disestablishments]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1391]]
[[Category:Sunni dynasties]]

Muzaffarids (Gujarat) - Revision history

->Graham87: rv unexplained edits

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