Muzaffar Hassan - Revision history

Bot at 16:03, 28 August 2022

2022-08-28T16:03:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:33, 28 August 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2017}}
	{{Use Pakistani English\|date=July ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Pakistani English\|date=July 2017}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix = Vice Admiral		\| honorific-prefix = Vice Admiral
Line 133:		Line 133:
	}}		}}

	Vice Admiral '''Muzzafar Hassan''' ({{lang-ur\|مظفر حسن}}; b. 1920–24 May 2012<ref name="Pakistan iconnections">{{cite web\|last1=<!-- staff writer -->\|title=پاکستان نیوی کے سربراہ۔ وائس ایڈمرل مظفر حسن\|url=http://www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/1969-09-01/2200\|publisher=Pakistan iconnections\|accessdate=10 January ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="The Navy League:">{{cite web\|title=The Navy League: Obituaries\|url=http://paknavyleague.com/obituaries.aspx\|website=paknavyleague.com\|publisher=The Navy League\|accessdate=2 January ~~2022~~}}</ref>) {{small\|[[Sitara-I-Pakistan\|SPk]], [[Civil decorations of Pakistan\|HQA]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat\|Sk]]}}, was a [[Pakistan Navy]] senior [[admiral]] who served as the last [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Navy)\|Commander-in-Chief]] of [[Pakistan Navy]] from 1969 until 1972, serving under first [[President of Pakistan\|President]] [[Yahya Khan]] and then under President [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]].{{rp\|199}}<ref name="NYU Press, Cheema">{{cite book\|last1=Cheema\|first1=Pervaiz Iqbal\|title=The Armed Forces of Pakistan\|publisher=NYU Press\|isbn=9780814716335\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw_gduyRv5oC&q=Muzaffar+Hassan+admiral&pg=PA199\|accessdate=2 January 2017\|language=en\|year=~~2022~~}}</ref>		Vice Admiral '''Muzzafar Hassan''' ({{lang-ur\|مظفر حسن}}; b. 1920–24 May 2012<ref name="Pakistan iconnections">{{cite web\|last1=<!-- staff writer -->\|title=پاکستان نیوی کے سربراہ۔ وائس ایڈمرل مظفر حسن\|url=http://www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/1969-09-01/2200\|publisher=Pakistan iconnections\|accessdate=10 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="The Navy League:">{{cite web\|title=The Navy League: Obituaries\|url=http://paknavyleague.com/obituaries.aspx\|website=paknavyleague.com\|publisher=The Navy League\|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref>) {{small\|[[Sitara-I-Pakistan\|SPk]], [[Civil decorations of Pakistan\|HQA]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat\|Sk]]}}, was a [[Pakistan Navy]] senior [[admiral]] who served as the last [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Navy)\|Commander-in-Chief]] of [[Pakistan Navy]] from 1969 until 1972, serving under first [[President of Pakistan\|President]] [[Yahya Khan]] and then under President [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]].{{rp\|199}}<ref name="NYU Press, Cheema">{{cite book\|last1=Cheema\|first1=Pervaiz Iqbal\|title=The Armed Forces of Pakistan\|publisher=NYU Press\|isbn=9780814716335\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw_gduyRv5oC&q=Muzaffar+Hassan+admiral&pg=PA199\|accessdate=2 January 2017\|language=en\|year=2002}}</ref>

	He is notable for commanding the Pakistan Navy in [[Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971\|naval events]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|war]] with [[India]] in 1971 and was dismissed from his [[Commissioned officer\|military service]] and relieved from the command of the Navy over the allegations proved in the light of [[Hamoodur Rahman Commission\|War Enquiry Commission]] by the [[Judge Advocate General Branch\|Judge Advocate General]] of Navy. His termination came along with the commanders of [[Pakistan Army\|army]], [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Gul Hassan Khan\|Gul Hassan]] and [[Pakistan Air Force\|air force]] [[Air Marshal]] [[Abdul Rahim Khan\|A.R. Khan]] in 1972. He was succeeded by the Vice-Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] following his termination.		He is notable for commanding the Pakistan Navy in [[Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971\|naval events]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|war]] with [[India]] in 1971 and was dismissed from his [[Commissioned officer\|military service]] and relieved from the command of the Navy over the allegations proved in the light of [[Hamoodur Rahman Commission\|War Enquiry Commission]] by the [[Judge Advocate General Branch\|Judge Advocate General]] of Navy. His termination came along with the commanders of [[Pakistan Army\|army]], [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Gul Hassan Khan\|Gul Hassan]] and [[Pakistan Air Force\|air force]] [[Air Marshal]] [[Abdul Rahim Khan\|A.R. Khan]] in 1972. He was succeeded by the Vice-Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] following his termination.
Line 139:		Line 139:
	==Biography==		==Biography==

	Muzzafar Hassan was born in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[British Raj\|British India]], in 1920 and it is known very little of his early life that is primarily sourced from the military literature published on [[Military history of South Asia\|combined military histories]] of [[Military history of India\|India]] and [[Military history of Pakistan\|Pakistan]].<ref name="Petaro biographies">{{cite web\|last1=Siddiqui\|first1=Kazi Zulkader\|title=Petaro: Third Chairman Board of Governors (1969-1971)\|url=http://www.petaro.org/BOG/bog-MuzaffarHasan.htm\|website=www.petaro.org\|publisher=Petaro biographies\|accessdate=2 January ~~2022~~}}</ref>		Muzzafar Hassan was born in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[British Raj\|British India]], in 1920 and it is known very little of his early life that is primarily sourced from the military literature published on [[Military history of South Asia\|combined military histories]] of [[Military history of India\|India]] and [[Military history of Pakistan\|Pakistan]].<ref name="Petaro biographies">{{cite web\|last1=Siddiqui\|first1=Kazi Zulkader\|title=Petaro: Third Chairman Board of Governors (1969-1971)\|url=http://www.petaro.org/BOG/bog-MuzaffarHasan.htm\|website=www.petaro.org\|publisher=Petaro biographies\|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref>

	After attending the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] (RIMC), he gained [[Commissioned officer\|commissioned]] as a [[Midshipman]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy]] in 1941 in the Executive Branch.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> He participated in the [[World War II]] as an officer in the Royal Indian Navy on the behalf of the [[United Kingdom]] on the [[European theatre of World War II\|European front]], and was sent to attend the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] after the [[End of World War II in Europe\|end]] of [[World War II]] in 1945.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> After graduating in the [[Staff officer\|staff course]] degree, he returned to [[British India]] and subsequently promoted as [[Lieutenant (naval)\|Lieutenant]] in the Royal Indian Navy and decided to opt for [[Pakistan]] as an aftermath of [[Partition of India\|partition]] of British India, also the same year.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> Hassan was among the first twenty naval officers who decided to join the [[Royal Pakistan Navy]] (RPN) as a Lieutenant with a [[Service number]] PN.0073 that was listed in the seniority list sent by the Royal Indian Navy to Pakistan's [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)\|Ministry of Defence]].<ref name="Flickr, Kazi">{{cite web\|last1=Kazi\|first1=AGN\|title=The first few executive officers transferred to the Pakistan Navy on Partition\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/5346639918/\|website=Flickr\|publisher=Flickr, Kazi\|accessdate=2 January 2017\|date=11 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> He was said to be an excellent [[Field Hockey\|hockey]] player in the navy where he [[Captain (sports)\|captained]] the navy's hockey team against the Indian Navy's hockey team; the [[Royal Pakistan Navy\|RPN]]'s hockey team won by a margin of five goals to one secured against [[Royal Indian Navy\|RIN]]'s team.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web\|last1=Shabbir\|first1=Usman\|title=The First Destroyer\|url=http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060749/http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=4 March 2016\|website=pakdef.org\|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium\|accessdate=2 January ~~2022~~}}</ref>		After attending the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] (RIMC), he gained [[Commissioned officer\|commissioned]] as a [[Midshipman]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy]] in 1941 in the Executive Branch.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> He participated in the [[World War II]] as an officer in the Royal Indian Navy on the behalf of the [[United Kingdom]] on the [[European theatre of World War II\|European front]], and was sent to attend the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] after the [[End of World War II in Europe\|end]] of [[World War II]] in 1945.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> After graduating in the [[Staff officer\|staff course]] degree, he returned to [[British India]] and subsequently promoted as [[Lieutenant (naval)\|Lieutenant]] in the Royal Indian Navy and decided to opt for [[Pakistan]] as an aftermath of [[Partition of India\|partition]] of British India, also the same year.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> Hassan was among the first twenty naval officers who decided to join the [[Royal Pakistan Navy]] (RPN) as a Lieutenant with a [[Service number]] PN.0073 that was listed in the seniority list sent by the Royal Indian Navy to Pakistan's [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)\|Ministry of Defence]].<ref name="Flickr, Kazi">{{cite web\|last1=Kazi\|first1=AGN\|title=The first few executive officers transferred to the Pakistan Navy on Partition\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/5346639918/\|website=Flickr\|publisher=Flickr, Kazi\|accessdate=2 January 2017\|date=11 January 2011}}</ref> He was said to be an excellent [[Field Hockey\|hockey]] player in the navy where he [[Captain (sports)\|captained]] the navy's hockey team against the Indian Navy's hockey team; the [[Royal Pakistan Navy\|RPN]]'s hockey team won by a margin of five goals to one secured against [[Royal Indian Navy\|RIN]]'s team.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web\|last1=Shabbir\|first1=Usman\|title=The First Destroyer\|url=http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060749/http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=4 March 2016\|website=pakdef.org\|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium\|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref>

	In 1952, he was promoted as [[Commander (rank)\|Commander]] and commanded the [[destroyer]], the [[HMS Onslaught (G04)\|PNS ''Tughril'']] along with [[PNS Tippu Sultan (D49)\|PNS ''Tippu Sultan'']] commanded by [[Captain (naval)\|Captain]] M.A. Alvi.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium"/> There, he accompanied [[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)\|Governor of Punjab]], [[Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar\|Abdur Rab Nishtar]], on a [[Hajj\|Hajj mission]] led by Pakistan Navy in [[Mecca]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="Flickr">{{cite web\|title=Commander (Later Admiral) Muzaffar Hussain welcomes Sardar Nishtar during Hajj, 1952\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/4244050683/in/photostream/\|website=Flickr\|publisher=Flickr\|accessdate=2 January 2017\|date=4 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> His career in the Navy progressed in the 1960s when he was promoted as [[Rear-Admiral]] in 1965 after participating in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965\|second war]] with India.<ref name="Petaro biographies" />		In 1952, he was promoted as [[Commander (rank)\|Commander]] and commanded the [[destroyer]], the [[HMS Onslaught (G04)\|PNS ''Tughril'']] along with [[PNS Tippu Sultan (D49)\|PNS ''Tippu Sultan'']] commanded by [[Captain (naval)\|Captain]] M.A. Alvi.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium"/> There, he accompanied [[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)\|Governor of Punjab]], [[Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar\|Abdur Rab Nishtar]], on a [[Hajj\|Hajj mission]] led by Pakistan Navy in [[Mecca]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="Flickr">{{cite web\|title=Commander (Later Admiral) Muzaffar Hussain welcomes Sardar Nishtar during Hajj, 1952\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/4244050683/in/photostream/\|website=Flickr\|publisher=Flickr\|accessdate=2 January 2017\|date=4 January 2010}}</ref> His career in the Navy progressed in the 1960s when he was promoted as [[Rear-Admiral]] in 1965 after participating in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965\|second war]] with India.<ref name="Petaro biographies" />

	In 1967, he was appointed as Commander of [[Pakistan Navy Western Command\|Western Naval Command]] and [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders\|Commander Karachi]] (COMKAR) in 1968 at the [[NHQ (PN)\|Navy NHQ]].<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> In 1969, his nomination to [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)\|command]] the Navy was approved when Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan\|S.M. Ahsan]] was promoted as [[Governor of East Pakistan]] with a promotion to the rank as [[Vice-Admiral]].<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> As Commander-in-Chief of Navy, he frequently paid visit to [[East Pakistan]] to review the operational readiness of the Navy in 1969–71.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Admiral Muzaffar with senior naval officers in East Pakistan, 1971\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/8538309723/in/album-72157622942059955/\|website=Flickr\|accessdate=3 January 2017\|date=8 March ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Admiral Muzaffar with General Niazi in East Pakistan, 1971\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/8539419616/in/album-72157622942059955/\|website=Flickr\|accessdate=3 January 2017\|date=31 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> During this time, he also served as military adviser to the [[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization]] (SEATO).{{rp\|28}}<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Organization\|first1=Southeast Asia Treaty\|title=SEATO Record\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kk7RAAAAMAAJ&q=muzaffar+hasan\|accessdate=3 January 2017\|language=en\|year=1969}}</ref>		In 1967, he was appointed as Commander of [[Pakistan Navy Western Command\|Western Naval Command]] and [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders\|Commander Karachi]] (COMKAR) in 1968 at the [[NHQ (PN)\|Navy NHQ]].<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> In 1969, his nomination to [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)\|command]] the Navy was approved when Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan\|S.M. Ahsan]] was promoted as [[Governor of East Pakistan]] with a promotion to the rank as [[Vice-Admiral]].<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> As Commander-in-Chief of Navy, he frequently paid visit to [[East Pakistan]] to review the operational readiness of the Navy in 1969–71.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Admiral Muzaffar with senior naval officers in East Pakistan, 1971\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/8538309723/in/album-72157622942059955/\|website=Flickr\|accessdate=3 January 2017\|date=8 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Admiral Muzaffar with General Niazi in East Pakistan, 1971\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/8539419616/in/album-72157622942059955/\|website=Flickr\|accessdate=3 January 2017\|date=31 January 2016}}</ref> During this time, he also served as military adviser to the [[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization]] (SEATO).{{rp\|28}}<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Organization\|first1=Southeast Asia Treaty\|title=SEATO Record\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kk7RAAAAMAAJ&q=muzaffar+hasan\|accessdate=3 January 2017\|language=en\|year=1969}}</ref>

	In 1971, he led the Pakistan Navy against the [[Indian Navy]] but the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|war]] ended with the devastating effects on Pakistan Navy which lost the number of warships off the coast of Karachi with no cover from the [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF). The [[NHQ (PN)\|Navy NHQ]] was located in [[Karachi]] which came under intense attacks by the [[Indian Navy]] and the [[Indian Air Force]] which crippled the Navy.<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> The casualties inflicted to Navy included the 408 personnel dead at sea and ~3,000 personnels including 1300 naval officers were held as [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation\|prisoners of war]].{{rp\|140}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick">{{cite book\|last1=Goldrick\|first1=James\|title=No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, 1945-1996\|date=1997\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|location=Melbourne, [au]\|isbn=9781897829028\|chapter-url=http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/PIAMA02.pdf\|accessdate=3 January 2017\|language=en\|chapter=§The 1971 Indo-Pakistan war at sea}}</ref> Many of his requests to retaliate against the Indian Navy were rebuffed by the [[Air Marshal]] [[Abdul Rahim Khan]] who reportedly quoted: "Well, old boy, this happens in war. I am sorry your ships have been sunk. We shall try to do something in the future."{{rp\|89–90}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/>		In 1971, he led the Pakistan Navy against the [[Indian Navy]] but the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|war]] ended with the devastating effects on Pakistan Navy which lost the number of warships off the coast of Karachi with no cover from the [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF). The [[NHQ (PN)\|Navy NHQ]] was located in [[Karachi]] which came under intense attacks by the [[Indian Navy]] and the [[Indian Air Force]] which crippled the Navy.<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> The casualties inflicted to Navy included the 408 personnel dead at sea and ~3,000 personnels including 1300 naval officers were held as [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation\|prisoners of war]].{{rp\|140}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick">{{cite book\|last1=Goldrick\|first1=James\|title=No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, 1945-1996\|date=1997\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|location=Melbourne, [au]\|isbn=9781897829028\|chapter-url=http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/PIAMA02.pdf\|accessdate=3 January 2017\|language=en\|chapter=§The 1971 Indo-Pakistan war at sea}}</ref> Many of his requests to retaliate against the Indian Navy were rebuffed by the [[Air Marshal]] [[Abdul Rahim Khan]] who reportedly quoted: "Well, old boy, this happens in war. I am sorry your ships have been sunk. We shall try to do something in the future."{{rp\|89–90}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/>

Bot at 16:03, 28 August 2022

2022-08-28T16:03:08Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Vice Admiral
| name =Muzaffar Hassan
| native_name ={{Nastaliq|مظفر حسن }}
| native_name_lang =
| honorific-suffix =
| image =File:Vice Admiral Muzaffar Hassan.jpg
| image_size =
| smallimage = 
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office =[[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Navy)|Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Pakistan Navy]]
| term_start =1 September 1969
| term_end =22 December 1971
| alongside = 
| monarch =
| president =[[Yahya Khan]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
| governor_general =
| primeminister =
| taoiseach =
| chancellor =
| governor =
| vicepresident =[[Nurul Amin]]
| viceprimeminister =
| deputy =
| lieutenant =
| succeeding = 
| constituency =
| majority =
| predecessor = [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]]
| successor = [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]]
| prior_term =
| order2 =
| office2 = 
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| alongside2 = 
| monarch2 = 
| president2 = 
| governor_general2 = 
| primeminister2 = 
| chancellor2 = 
| taoiseach2 = 
| governor2 = 
| vicepresident2 = 
| viceprimeminister2 = 
| deputy2 = 
| lieutenant2 = 
| succeeding2 = 
| predecessor2 = 
| successor2 = 
| constituency2 = 
| majority2 = 
| prior_term2 = 
| pronunciation =
| birth_name =Muzaffar Hassan
| birth_date = 1920
| birth_place =[[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[British Indian Empire]] {{small|Present-day [[India]]}}
| death_date ={{death year and age|2012|1920}}
| death_place =[[Karachi]], Sindh, Pakistan
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =[[British Subject]] {{small|(1920–1947)}} [[Pakistan]] {{small|(1947–2012)}}
| nationality =
| party =
| otherparty = 
| height = 
| spouse =
| partner = 
| relations =
| children =
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = 
| relatives =
| residence =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion = 
| awards =[[File:Yellow Crescent, Symbol of Islam.png|15px]] [[Civil decorations of Pakistan|Hilal-i-Quaid-e-Azam]] [[File:Order of Pakistan.png|25px]][[Sitara-e-Pakistan]] [[File:Tamgha-i-Khidmat Class I Pakistan.svg|25px]] [[Sitara-i-Khidmat]]
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| blank2 =
| data2 =
| blank3 =
| data3 =
| blank4 =
| data4 =
| blank5 =
| data5 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =

| nickname =
| allegiance =
| branch ={{navy|British India}} {{small|(1941–1947)}} [[File:Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|22px]] [[Pakistan Navy]] {{small|(1947–71)}}
| serviceyears =1941–71
| rank =[[File:Insignia Vice Admiral Pakistan Navy.gif|10px]][[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|30px]] [[Vice-Admiral]]
| unit =Navy Executive Branch {{small|[[Service number|S/No. PN. 073]]}}
| commands =[[Pakistan Navy Western Command|Western Naval Command]] [[Pakistan Navy#commands|Commander Karachi (COMKAR)]]
| battles =[[World War II]]
*{{small|[[World War II in Europe|European Front]]}}
[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
*{{small|[[Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971|1971 Naval operations]]}}
| mawards =
| military_blank1 =
| military_data1 =
| military_blank2 =
| military_data2 =
| military_blank3 =
| military_data3 =
| military_blank4 =
| military_data4 =
| military_blank5 =
| military_data5 =

| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| footnotes =
}}

Vice Admiral '''Muzzafar Hassan''' ({{lang-ur|مظفر حسن}}; b. 1920–24 May 2012<ref name="Pakistan iconnections">{{cite web|last1=|title=پاکستان نیوی کے سربراہ۔ وائس ایڈمرل مظفر حسن|url=http://www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/1969-09-01/2200|publisher=Pakistan iconnections|accessdate=10 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Navy League:">{{cite web|title=The Navy League: Obituaries|url=http://paknavyleague.com/obituaries.aspx|website=paknavyleague.com|publisher=The Navy League|accessdate=2 January 2022}}</ref>) {{small|[[Sitara-I-Pakistan|SPk]], [[Civil decorations of Pakistan|HQA]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat|Sk]]}}, was a [[Pakistan Navy]] senior [[admiral]] who served as the last [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Navy)|Commander-in-Chief]] of [[Pakistan Navy]] from 1969 until 1972, serving under first [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Yahya Khan]] and then under President [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]].{{rp|199}}<ref name="NYU Press, Cheema">{{cite book|last1=Cheema|first1=Pervaiz Iqbal|title=The Armed Forces of Pakistan|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9780814716335|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw_gduyRv5oC&q=Muzaffar+Hassan+admiral&pg=PA199|accessdate=2 January 2017|language=en|year=2022}}</ref>

He is notable for commanding the Pakistan Navy in [[Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971|naval events]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|war]] with [[India]] in 1971 and was dismissed from his [[Commissioned officer|military service]] and relieved from the command of the Navy over the allegations proved in the light of [[Hamoodur Rahman Commission|War Enquiry Commission]] by the [[Judge Advocate General Branch|Judge Advocate General]] of Navy. His termination came along with the commanders of [[Pakistan Army|army]], [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Gul Hassan Khan|Gul Hassan]] and [[Pakistan Air Force|air force]] [[Air Marshal]] [[Abdul Rahim Khan|A.R. Khan]] in 1972. He was succeeded by the Vice-Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] following his termination.

==Biography==

Muzzafar Hassan was born in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[British Raj|British India]], in 1920 and it is known very little of his early life that is primarily sourced from the military literature published on [[Military history of South Asia|combined military histories]] of [[Military history of India|India]] and [[Military history of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="Petaro biographies">{{cite web|last1=Siddiqui|first1=Kazi Zulkader|title=Petaro: Third Chairman Board of Governors (1969-1971)|url=http://www.petaro.org/BOG/bog-MuzaffarHasan.htm|website=www.petaro.org|publisher=Petaro biographies|accessdate=2 January 2022}}</ref>

After attending the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] (RIMC), he gained [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] as a [[Midshipman]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy]] in 1941 in the Executive Branch.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> He participated in the [[World War II]] as an officer in the Royal Indian Navy on the behalf of the [[United Kingdom]] on the [[European theatre of World War II|European front]], and was sent to attend the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] after the [[End of World War II in Europe|end]] of [[World War II]] in 1945.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> After graduating in the [[Staff officer|staff course]] degree, he returned to [[British India]] and subsequently promoted as [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] in the Royal Indian Navy and decided to opt for [[Pakistan]] as an aftermath of [[Partition of India|partition]] of British India, also the same year.<ref name="Petaro biographies"/> Hassan was among the first twenty naval officers who decided to join the [[Royal Pakistan Navy]] (RPN) as a Lieutenant with a [[Service number]] PN.0073 that was listed in the seniority list sent by the Royal Indian Navy to Pakistan's [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref name="Flickr, Kazi">{{cite web|last1=Kazi|first1=AGN|title=The first few executive officers transferred to the Pakistan Navy on Partition|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/5346639918/|website=Flickr|publisher=Flickr, Kazi|accessdate=2 January 2017|date=11 January 2022}}</ref> He was said to be an excellent [[Field Hockey|hockey]] player in the navy where he [[Captain (sports)|captained]] the navy's hockey team against the Indian Navy's hockey team; the [[Royal Pakistan Navy|RPN]]'s hockey team won by a margin of five goals to one secured against [[Royal Indian Navy|RIN]]'s team.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=The First Destroyer|url=http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060749/http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|website=pakdef.org|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium|accessdate=2 January 2022}}</ref>

In 1952, he was promoted as [[Commander (rank)|Commander]] and commanded the [[destroyer]], the [[HMS Onslaught (G04)|PNS ''Tughril'']] along with [[PNS Tippu Sultan (D49)|PNS ''Tippu Sultan'']] commanded by [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] M.A. Alvi.<ref name="« PakDef Military Consortium"/> There, he accompanied [[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)|Governor of Punjab]], [[Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar|Abdur Rab Nishtar]], on a [[Hajj|Hajj mission]] led by Pakistan Navy in [[Mecca]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="Flickr">{{cite web|title=Commander (Later Admiral) Muzaffar Hussain welcomes Sardar Nishtar during Hajj, 1952|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/4244050683/in/photostream/|website=Flickr|publisher=Flickr|accessdate=2 January 2017|date=4 January 2022}}</ref> His career in the Navy progressed in the 1960s when he was promoted as [[Rear-Admiral]] in 1965 after participating in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second war]] with India.<ref name="Petaro biographies" />

In 1967, he was appointed as Commander of [[Pakistan Navy Western Command|Western Naval Command]] and [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Commander Karachi]] (COMKAR) in 1968 at the [[NHQ (PN)|Navy NHQ]].<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> In 1969, his nomination to [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|command]] the Navy was approved when Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|S.M. Ahsan]] was promoted as [[Governor of East Pakistan]] with a promotion to the rank as [[Vice-Admiral]].<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> As Commander-in-Chief of Navy, he frequently paid visit to [[East Pakistan]] to review the operational readiness of the Navy in 1969–71.<ref>{{cite web|title=Admiral Muzaffar with senior naval officers in East Pakistan, 1971|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/8538309723/in/album-72157622942059955/|website=Flickr|accessdate=3 January 2017|date=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Admiral Muzaffar with General Niazi in East Pakistan, 1971|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/8539419616/in/album-72157622942059955/|website=Flickr|accessdate=3 January 2017|date=31 January 2022}}</ref> During this time, he also served as military adviser to the [[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization]] (SEATO).{{rp|28}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=Southeast Asia Treaty|title=SEATO Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kk7RAAAAMAAJ&q=muzaffar+hasan|accessdate=3 January 2017|language=en|year=1969}}</ref>

In 1971, he led the Pakistan Navy against the [[Indian Navy]] but the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|war]] ended with the devastating effects on Pakistan Navy which lost the number of warships off the coast of Karachi with no cover from the [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF). The [[NHQ (PN)|Navy NHQ]] was located in [[Karachi]] which came under intense attacks by the [[Indian Navy]] and the [[Indian Air Force]] which crippled the Navy.<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> The casualties inflicted to Navy included the 408 personnel dead at sea and ~3,000 personnels including 1300 naval officers were held as [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation|prisoners of war]].{{rp|140}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick">{{cite book|last1=Goldrick|first1=James|title=No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, 1945-1996|date=1997|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=Melbourne, [au]|isbn=9781897829028|chapter-url=http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/PIAMA02.pdf|accessdate=3 January 2017|language=en|chapter=§The 1971 Indo-Pakistan war at sea}}</ref> Many of his requests to retaliate against the Indian Navy were rebuffed by the [[Air Marshal]] [[Abdul Rahim Khan]] who reportedly quoted: "Well, old boy, this happens in war. I am sorry your ships have been sunk. We shall try to do something in the future."{{rp|89–90}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/>

After the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|war]], he was subsequently dismissed from his [[military service]] and relieved from the command of the Navy on 22 December 1971 along with the chiefs of army and the air force.<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> He, along with [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Gul Hassan Khan|Gul Hassan]] and [[Air Marshal]] [[Abdul Rahim Khan]] were forcefully retired from their commission on 3 March 1972 in a stand up military trial led by the combined [[Judge Advocate General Branch|JAG Branch]].<ref name="Petaro biographies" />

After his dismissal from the military service, Hassan permanently settled in [[Defence Housing Authority, Karachi|DHA Society]] in [[Karachi]] and was the first president of the Defence Society Residents Association (DSRA)–a [[neighborhood watch]]– from 1981 to 1990.<ref name="Petaro biographies" /> Throughout his retirement, he avoided the [[News channels in Pakistan|news media]] to offer any comments on the [[fall of Dhaka]] and died of an old age from a prolonged illness and died on 24 June 2012.<ref name="Pakistan iconnections"/><ref name="The Navy League:" /> The news of his death went unnoticed in the media and was buried in [[Karachi War Cemetery]].<ref name="The Navy League:" />

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Official website of Pakistan Navy]

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Commander-in-Chief, Pakistan Navy]]|years=1969 – 1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Pakistan Navy Staff Chief}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassan, Muzaffar}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Indian Military College alumni]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Indian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Pakistan Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Naval Staff (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Admirals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Karachi]]