Muzaffar Ahmad - Revision history

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			{{Short description\|Indian politician}}
	{{other people5\|\|Muzaffar Ahmed (disambiguation)}}		{{other people5\|\|Muzaffar Ahmed (disambiguation)}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=~~June~~ 2021}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2021}}
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	{{infobox person		{{infobox person
	\| name = Muzaffar Ahmad		\| name = Muzaffar Ahmad
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	\| other_names = Kakababu, Dwaipayana		\| other_names = Kakababu, Dwaipayana
	\| nationality = Indian		\| nationality = Indian
	\| party = [[Communist Party of India]];		\| party = [[Communist Party of India]];
	[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]		[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1889\|08\|05\|df=y}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1889\|08\|05\|df=y}}
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	==Background==		==Background==
	Ahmed was born at Musapur village in [[Sandwip\|Sandwip Island]] in [[Chittagong District]] of [[Bengal Presidency\|Bengal Province]] in the-then [[British India]] (in present-day Bangladesh) to Mansur Ali and Chuna Bibi. ~~He passed matriculation from~~ [[Noakhali ~~Zilla School~~]] ~~in 1913~~.<ref ~~name=Banglapedia~~>{{cite ~~book~~ \|~~last=Roy \|first=Ranjit \|year=2012 \|chapter=Ahmed, Comrade Muzaffar \|chapter-~~url= http://en.~~banglapedia~~.~~org~~/~~index.php?title=Ahmed,_Comrade_Muzaffar \|editor1~~-~~last=Islam~~ \|~~editor1-first~~=~~Sirajul~~ \|~~editor1-link~~=~~Sirajul Islam~~ \|~~editor2~~-~~last~~=~~Jamal~~ \|~~editor2~~-~~first~~=~~Ahmed A~~. ~~\|title~~=Banglapedia~~: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh~~ \|~~edition~~=~~Second~~ \|~~publisher~~=~~[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]~~}}</ref> In 1918, he was appointed joint secretary of "[[Bangio Musalman Sahitya Samiti]]". In 1920, along with [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] he started a new magazine, ''[[Nabajug]]''. Later, when another magazine, ''[[Dhumketu (magazine)\|Dhumketu]]'' was launched by Nazrul in 1922, he contributed to it using the pseudonym "Dwaipayana".		Ahmed was born at Musapur village in [[Sandwip\|Sandwip Island]] in [[Chittagong District]] of [[Bengal Presidency\|Bengal Province]] in the-then [[British India]] (in present-day Bangladesh) to Mansur Ali and Chuna Bibi. Ahmed studied at the Asria Senior Madrasa in Bamni, [[Companiganj Upazila, Noakhali\|Companiganj]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://companiganj.noakhali.gov.bd/site/page/9638c351-c1d8-455c-82e5-6e17c2f74f9e/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%90%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF\|language=bn\|website=Companiganj Upazila\|script-title=bn:উপজেলার ঐতিহ্য\|trans-title=Upazila's tradition}}</ref> He passed matriculation from [[Noakhali Zilla School]] in 1913.<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite Banglapedia\|author=Roy, Ranjit\|article=Ahmed, Comrade Muzaffar}}</ref> In 1918, he was appointed joint secretary of "[[Bangio Musalman Sahitya Samiti]]". In 1920, along with [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] he started a new magazine, ''[[Nabajug]]''. Later, when another magazine, ''[[Dhumketu (magazine)\|Dhumketu]]'' was launched by Nazrul in 1922, he contributed to it using the pseudonym "Dwaipayana".

	==Political movement==		==Political movement==

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	{{infobox person		{{infobox person
	\| name = Muzaffar Ahmad		\| name = Muzaffar Ahmad

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{{other people5||Muzaffar Ahmed (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{infobox person
| name = Muzaffar Ahmad
| image = File:Muzaffar Ahmed Communist.jpg
| native_name = মুজফ্‌ফর আহ্‌মদ
| native_name_lang = bn
| other_names = Kakababu, Dwaipayana
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Communist Party of India]];
[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1889|08|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sandwip]], [[Chittagong District]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (current day [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1973|12|18|1889|08|05|df=y}}
}}
'''Muzaffar Ahmad''' (known as '''Kakababu'''; 5 August 1889 – 18 December 1973) was an [[India]]n-[[Bengal]]i politician, journalist and communist activist.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/prof-muzaffar-ahmed-an-interview-55636|title=Prof. Muzaffar Ahmed: An Interview|date=16 December 2014|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref>

==Background==
Ahmed was born at Musapur village in [[Sandwip|Sandwip Island]] in [[Chittagong District]] of [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]] in the-then [[British India]] (in present-day Bangladesh) to Mansur Ali and Chuna Bibi. He passed matriculation from [[Noakhali Zilla School]] in 1913.<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Ranjit |year=2012 |chapter=Ahmed, Comrade Muzaffar |chapter-url= http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ahmed,_Comrade_Muzaffar |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> In 1918, he was appointed joint secretary of "[[Bangio Musalman Sahitya Samiti]]". In 1920, along with [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] he started a new magazine, ''[[Nabajug]]''. Later, when another magazine, ''[[Dhumketu (magazine)|Dhumketu]]'' was launched by Nazrul in 1922, he contributed to it using the pseudonym "Dwaipayana".

==Political movement==
Ahmed was one of the founders of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name="Ramnath2008">{{cite book|last=Chattopadhyay|title=An Early Communist: Muzaffar Ahmad in Calcutta|url=http://tulikabooks.wordpress.com/catalogue-2/forthcoming/history/an-early-communist-muzaffar-ahmed-in-calcutta-1913%E2%80%931929/|year=2011|publisher=[[Tulika Books]], [[Delhi]]|page=86|first = Suchetana}}</ref> In 1922, the ''Bharat Samyatantra Samiti'' was formed in [[Calcutta]] with Ahmed as its secretary. In 1924, he was sentenced to four years in prison because of his role in the [[Shripad Amrit Dange#Kanpur Bolshevik conspiracy case|Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case]] along with [[S.A. Dange]], [[Nalini Gupta]] and [[Shaukat Usmani]].<ref>Suchetana Chattopadhyay, An Early Communist: Muzaffar Ahmad in Calcutta, [[Tulika Books]], Delhi 2011</ref> He was released due to illness in 1925. In November, 1925 he, along with [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], [[Hemanta Kumar Sarkar]], and others, organized the [[Labour Swaraj Party]] in Bengal.<ref>Mortuza Khaled, A Study in Leadership: Muzaffar Ahmad and the Communist Movement in Bengal, Progressive Publishers, Kolkata 2001</ref> He was one of the main leaders of CPI in the early 1920s along with [[Abdul Halim (communist)|Abdul Halim]] and [[Abdur Rezzak Khan]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan|publisher=Shishu Sahitya Samsad|isbn=978-81-7955-135-6|pages=575}}</ref>
[[File:Muzaffar Ahmed, Bankim Mukherjee, PC Joshi, Somnath Lahiri1937.jpg|left|thumb|282x282px|(From left to right) Muzaffar Ahmed, [[Bankim Mukherjee]], [[Puran Chand Joshi|PC Joshi]], [[Somnath Lahiri]] at Calcutta 1937]]
[[File:Abdul Halim, Saroj Mukherjee, Muzaffar Ahmed1938.jpg|left|thumb|278x278px|(From left to right) [[Abdul Halim (communist)|Abdul Halim]], [[Saroj Mukherjee]], Muzaffar Ahmed at Bengal Provincial Conference (1938 December - 1939 January) of CPI at [[Chandannagar|Chandarnagore]].]]
On 20 March 1929, the [[British Raj|British colonial government]] arrested 31 labour activists and sent them to [[Meerut]] for trial. Ahmed was the chief accused, along with S.A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, [[P.C. Joshi]] and others, was convicted in this so-called [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]]. He was released in 1936. He had served the longest term in jail as the chief accused in the Meerut Trial.
[[File:Meerut prisoners outside the jail.jpg|350px|thumb|'''Portrait of 25 of the [[Meerut]] Prisoners taken outside the jail'''. Back row (left to right): [[K. N. Sehgal]], [[Sohan Singh Josh|S. S. Josh]], [[Lester Hutchinson|H. L. Hutchinson]], [[Shaukat Usmani]], [[Benjamin Francis Bradley|B. F. Bradley]], [[A. Prasad]], [[Philip Spratt|P. Spratt]], [[G. Adhikari]]. Middle Row: [[Radharaman Mitra|R. R. Mitra]], [[Gopen Chakravarti]], [[Kishori Lal Ghosh]], [[L. R. Kadam]], [[D. R. Thengdi]], [[Goura Shanker]], [[Shibnath Bannerjee|S. Bannerjee]], [[K. N. Joglekar]], [[P. C. Joshi]], Muzaffar Ahmed. Front Row: [[M. G. Desai]], [[Dharani Goswami|D. Goswami]], [[R.S. Nimbkar]], [[S.S. Mirajkar]], [[S.A. Dange]], [[S. V. Ghate]], [[Gopal Basak]].]]

After the [[partition of India]] in 1947, Ahmed moved to [[Kolkata]] rather than staying in [[East Pakistan]] (now Bangladesh). On 25 March 1948, the [[Communist Party of India]] was banned by the [[Government of India]] and Ahmed was imprisoned. He was released from prison in 1951. He was again arrested and imprisoned for two years in 1962, and another time for two years in 1965. He was imprisoned several times in post-[[Partition of India|Independence]] India by the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] government.

==Personal life==
Ahmed had a daughter, Nargis.<ref name=anec/> She was married to the poet [[Abdul Quadir]].<ref name=anec>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/literature/news/remembering-abdul-quadir-life-and-anecdotes-1751710|title=Remembering Abdul Quadir: Life and Anecdotes|date=1 June 2019|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
Ahmed died in Calcutta in 1973, aged 84.

The headquarters of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] in [[West Bengal]] is named after him. Also, Ripon Street, a thoroughfare in [[Kolkata]], was renamed "Muzaffar Ahmad Street".

==Major works==
* ''Qazi Nazrul Islam: Smritikatha'' (in Bengali)
* ''Amar Jiban O Bharater Communist Party'' (in Bengali)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Muzaffar (politician)}}
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:People from Sandwip Upazila]]
[[Category:Bengali politicians]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Bengali communists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Hooghly Mohsin College alumni]]