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{{Sangam literature}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
'''Muthollaayiram''' ({{lang-ta|முத்தொள்ளாயிரம்}}, literally "triple nine-hundred") is an ancient [[Tamil language|Tamil]] anthology, composed around the 5th century CE.<ref name="UoM_AkapporulHistoricalStudy">{{cite book
| last = Vasanthal
| first = T
| author-link =
| title = Thamizilakkiyatthil Agapporul Marabugal: Oru Varalaattru Paarvai (Akapporul—A Historical Study of the Genre)
| publisher = University of Madras Press
| series =
| volume =
| edition = 1
| date = 1990
| location = Chennai
| pages = i
| language = Tamil
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm = }}</ref> The work consists of three sets of 900 verses each, making a total of 2,700 verses in all, sung in praise of the three ancient Tamil rulers of the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]], the [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], and the [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandyas]]. This is in line with an ancient Tamil custom of writing 900 verses to complete a work, as in several other works such as ''Vaccha Thollaayiram'' and ''Arumbai Thollaayiram''. It tells about various characteristics of these ancient rulers, namely, land, fortification, army, fighting spirit, valour, generosity, and so forth. The author of the work is not known. Much of it has been lost, with only a small portion available. Out of the 2,700 verses, only 109 verses have been found.

==Publication of the work==
[[M. Raghava Iyengar]] first published Muthollaayiram verses in 1905 in the magazine ''Senthamil''. In 1938, [[S. Vaiyapuri Pillai]], head of the Tamil research department at the [[University of Madras]], published a book containing the verse collections of Muthollaayiram.<ref name="Marumalarcchi">Muthollaayiram, இரட்டையர்கள், [http://www.noolaham.org/wiki/index.php?title=%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%28%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_1948%29 Marumalarcchi (Tamil Magazine)], April 1948, Yalpanam, Sri Lanka.</ref>

In 1943, S. Vaiyaapuri Pillai wrote in a journal opining that there could only be 300 songs on each rulers, making only 900 songs in total.

==Commentary==
[[T. K. Chidambaranatha Mudaliar|T. K. Chidhambaranadhar]] wrote a simple commentary to the verses of the Muthollaayiram. In the commentary, he indicated that the meaning of 9 verses remains murky and included those verses without any elaboration as an appendix in his commentary.

==See also==
* [[Sangam literature]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|Tamils|India|Literature}}

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[[Category:Tamil language|Literature, Tamil]]
[[Category:Sangam literature]]
[[Category:Tamil philosophy]]

Muthollaayiram - Revision history

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