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{{Expand Arabic|date=February 2016|مسلم بن الحجاج}}
{{Short description|Arab Muslim hadith scholar (815–875)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| image =
| name = Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj<br/>{{lang|ar|مسلم بن الحجاج}}
| caption =
| title = Imām Muslim
| birth_date = after {{Circa}} 815
| birth_place = [[Nishapur]], [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (present-day [[Iran]])
| death_date = May {{Circa}} 875
| death_place = [[Nasarabad]], Abbasid Caliphate (present-day Iran)
| resting_place = Nasarabad
| jurisprudence = [[Ijtihad]]
| ethnicity =
| era = [[Islamic Golden Age]] <br/>([[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid era]])
| region = [[Abbasid Caliphate]]
| occupation = [[Islamic scholar]], [[Muhaddith]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| alma_mater =
| main_interests = [[Hadith]] [[Aqidah]]
| notable_ideas =
| works = ''[[Sahih Muslim]]''
| influences = [[Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh]],<ref name="Balushipp150To165"/> [[Muhammad al-Bukhari]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibnamin.com/Manhaj/muslim.htm|title=منهج الإمام مسلم بن الحجاج|website=www.ibnamin.com|access-date=2006-09-23|archive-date=2018-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030021719/http://www.ibnamin.com/Manhaj/muslim.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| influenced =
| creed =
}}

'''Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward ibn Kawshādh [[Banu Qushayr|al-Qushayrī]] an-Naysābūrī'''{{#tag:ref

|The name of his father has sometimes been given as {{lang|ar|حجاج}} (''Ḥajjāj'') instead of {{lang|ar|الحجاج}} (''al-Ḥajjāj''). The name of his great-great-grandfather has variously been given as {{lang|ar|كوشاذ}} (''Kūshādh''<ref name="abdulmawjood"/> or ''Kawshādh''), {{lang|ar|كرشان}}&lrm;<ref name="Awali1985">{{cite book |title='Awālī Muslim: arba'ūna ḥadīthan muntaqātun min Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (عوالي مسلم: أربعون حديثا منتقاتا من صحيح مسلم) |publisher=Mu’assasat al-kutub ath-Thaqāfīyah (مؤسسة الكتب الثقافية) |location=Beirut |year=1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqkXAAAAIAAJ&q=%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86 |language=ar |access-date=2016-01-07 |archive-date=2016-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427164911/https://books.google.com/books?id=fqkXAAAAIAAJ&q=%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live }}</ref> (''Kirshān'', ''Kurshān'', or ''Karshān''), or {{lang|ar|كوشان}} (''Kūshān or Kawshān'').

|group="note"}} ({{lang-ar|أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد بن كوشاذ القشيري النيسابوري}}; after 815 – May 875 CE / 206 - 261 AH) or '''Muslim Nayshāpūrī''' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|مسلم نیشاپوری}}}}), commonly known as '''Imam Muslim''', was an [[Islamic scholar]] from the city of [[Nishapur]], particularly known as a ''[[muhaddith]]'' (scholar of [[hadith]]). His hadith collection, known as ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', is one of the [[Kutub al-Sittah|six major hadith collections]] in [[Sunni Islam]] and is regarded as one of the two most authentic (''[[sahih]]'') collections, alongside ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]''.

==Biography==
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj was born in the town of [[Nishapur]]<ref name="EDI7">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/07.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonLewPel.etc.UndPatIUA.v7.Mif-Naz.Leid.EJBrill.1993./page/n744/mode/1up|title=Encyclopaedia Dictionary Islam Muslim World, etc, Gibb, Kramer volume 7. 1960-2004.1875.2009.|last=Oriental Scholars|first=|page=691}}</ref> in the [[Abbasid]] province of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], in present-day northeastern [[Iran]]. Historians differ as to his date of birth, though it is usually given as 202 AH (817/818),<ref name="siddiqui"/><ref name="ahmad"/> 204 AH (819/820),<ref name="abdulmawjood"/><ref name="ali"/> or 206 AH (821/822).<ref name="siddiqui"/><ref name="ahmad"/><ref name="ibnkhallikan"/>

[[Al-Dhahabi]] said, "It is said that he was born in the year 204 AH," though he also said, "But I think he was born before that."<ref name="abdulmawjood"/>

[[Ibn Khallikan]] could find no report of Muslim's date of birth, or age at death, by any of the ''[[Hafiz (Quran)|ḥuffāẓ]]'' (hadith masters), except their agreement that he was born after 200 AH (815/816). Ibn Khallikan cites [[Ibn al-Salah]], who cites [[Hakim al-Nishaburi|Ibn al-Bayyiʿ]]'s ''Kitab ʿUlama al-Amsar'', in the claim that Muslim was 55 years old when he died on 25 Rajab, 261 AH (May 875)<ref name="ibnkhallikan"/> and therefore his year of birth must have been 206 AH (821/822).

Ibn al-Bayyiʿ reports that he was buried in Nasarabad, a suburb of Nishapur.

According to scholars, he was of [[Arabs|Arab]] or [[Persian people|Persian]] origin.<ref name="Frye1975"/><ref name="Qushayri"/> The ''[[nisbat (onomastics)|nisbah]]'' of "al-Qushayri" signifies Muslim's belonging to the Arab tribe of [[Banu Qushayr]], members of which migrated to the newly conquered Persian territory during the expansion of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]].<ref name=ali/> The 14th-century Arab scholar [[Al-Dhahabi]] stated that he may have been a ''[[mawali|mawla]]'' of Persian descent, attributed to the Qushayr tribe by way of ''wala''' (alliance). An ancestor of Muslim may have been a freed slave of a Qushayri, or may have accepted Islam at the hands of a Qushayri. According to two other scholars, Ibn al-Athīr and Ibn al-Salāh, he was actually an Arab member of that tribe of which his family had migrated to Iran nearly two centuries earlier following the conquest.<ref name=abdulmawjood/>

Estimates on the number of hadiths in his books vary from 3,033 to 12,000, depending on whether duplicates are included, or only the text ([[isnad]]) is. His Sahih ("authentic") is said to share about 2000 hadiths with Bukhari's Sahih.<ref name="Brown 2326">Lu'lu wal Marjan says 1900; Abi Bakr Muhammad b. 'Abdallah al-Jawzaqi apud Brown, 84 counted 2326.</ref>

The author's teachers included Harmala ibn Yahya, Sa'id ibn Mansur, Abd-Allah ibn Maslamah al-Qa'nabi, al-Dhuhali, [[Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari|al-Bukhari]], [[Ibn Ma'in]], Yahya ibn Yahya al-Nishaburi al-Tamimi, and others. Among his students were [[al-Tirmidhi]], [[Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi]], and [[Ibn Khuzaymah]], each of whom also wrote works on hadith. After his studies throughout the [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Egypt]], [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]], he settled in his hometown of [[Nishapur]], where he met, and became a lifelong friend of al-Bukhari.

==Legacy==
The scholar of Ahlus-Sunnah, [[Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh]] was first to recommend Muslim's work.<ref name="Brown2007-p86"/>

Ishaq's contemporaries did not at first accept this; Abu Zur‘a al-Razi objected that Muslim had omitted too much material which Muslim himself recognised as authentic and that he included transmitters who were weak.<ref name="Brown2007-p91"/>

Ibn Abi Hatim (d. 327/938) later accepted Muslim as "trustworthy, one of the hadith masters with knowledge of hadith"; but this contrasts with much more fulsome praise of Abu Zur‘a and also his father Abu Hatim. It is similar with Ibn al-Nadim.<ref name="Brown2007-p88"/>

Muslim's book gradually increased in stature such that it is considered among Ahlus-Sunnah the most authentic collections of hadith, second only to [[Sahih Bukhari]].

==Works==
*''[[Sahih Muslim]]'': his collection of [[Sahih|authentic]] [[hadith]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
<references>
<ref name="abdulmawjood">{{cite book |author=Salahuddin ʿAli Abdul Mawjood |translator=Abu Bakr Ibn Nasir |title=The Biography of Imam Muslim bin al-Hajjaj |publisher=Darussalam |location=Riyadh |year=2007 |isbn=978-9960988191}}</ref>

<ref name="ahmad">{{cite book |author=K. J. Ahmad |title=Hundred Great Muslims |year=1987 |publisher=Library of Islam |location=Des Plaines, Illinois |isbn=0933511167}}</ref>

<ref name="ali">{{cite book |author=Syed Bashir Ali |title=Scholars of Hadith |series=The Makers of Islamic Civilization Series |publisher=IQRAʼ International Educational Foundation |location=Malaysia |year=2003 |isbn=1563162040 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6HRKMXkxnkAC |access-date=2016-01-07 |archive-date=2016-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617181312/https://books.google.com/books?id=6HRKMXkxnkAC |url-status=live }}</ref>



<ref name="Balushipp150To165">{{cite book |author=Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh |date=1990 |editor=ʻAbd al-Ghafūr ʻAbd al-Ḥaqq Ḥusayn Balūshī |title=Musnad Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh |edition=1st |publisher=Tawzīʻ Maktabat al-Īmān |pages=150–165}}</ref>

<ref name="Brown2007-p86">mardi keh in bud; al-Hakim, Ma‘rifat ‘ulum al-hadith, 98 apud Jonathan Brown, The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim (Brill, 2007), p. 86</ref>

<ref name="Brown2007-p88">Brown, p. 88–89</ref>

<ref name="Brown2007-p91">Brown, 91-2, 155</ref>

<ref name="Frye1975">{{cite book|title=The Cambridge history of Iran |editor=R.N. Frye |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=London |date=1975 |isbn=978-0-521-20093-6 |page=471}}</ref>

<ref name="ibnkhallikan">{{cite book |title=Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary |volume=III |year=1868 |orig-year=Corrected reprint |publisher=[[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland#Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|Oriental translation fund of Great Britain and Ireland]] |translator=[[William McGuckin de Slane]] |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwlRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA349 |author=Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khallikan |author-link=Ibn Khallikan |page=349 |access-date=2016-01-07 |archive-date=2016-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617101226/https://books.google.com/books?id=lwlRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA349 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Qushayri">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wjYAAAAMAAJ&q=imam+muslim+arab+tribe|title=صحيح مسلم|last1=al-Qushayrī|first1=Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj|last2=Shahryar|first2=Aftab|date=2004-01-01|publisher=Islamic Book Service|isbn=9788172315924|language=en|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930174444/https://books.google.com/books?id=_wjYAAAAMAAJ&q=imam+muslim+arab+tribe|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="siddiqui">{{cite web |author=Abdul Hamid Siddiqui |author-link=Abdul Hamid Siddiqui |title=Imam Muslim |url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/Imam_muslim.htm |access-date=2012-10-29 |archive-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031172426/http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/Imam_muslim.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

</references>

==External links==
{{wikisourcelang|ar|مؤلف:مسلم بن الحجاج|Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj }}
* [http://www.muslimscholars.info/manage.php?submit=scholar&ID=30003 Biodata at MuslimScholars.info]
* [https://sunnah.com/muslim/about Biography at Sunnah.com]
*[http://www.haqislam.org/imam-muslim/ Short Bio of Imam Muslim]
*[http://www.dar-us-salam.com/authors/imam_muslim.htm Biography of Imam Muslim]
*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/ English translation of Sahih Muslim]
*[http://www.happy-books.co.uk/muhammad-ibn-abdullah-lineage-and-family-tree/family-tree-diagram-of-lineage-and-relatives-of-prophets-and-companions-in-muslim-history.php?id=547 Interactive Family tree of Imam Muslim by Happy Books]
#[http://www.happy-books.co.uk/muhammad-ibn-abdullah-lineage-and-family-tree/students-sheikhs-and-teachers-of-famous-muslim-imams-and-scholars-in-muslim-history.php?id=548 Interactive diagram of teachers and students of Imam Muslim by Happy Books]

{{Shafi'i scholars}}
{{People of Khorasan}}
{{Islam scholars diagram}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muslim Ibn Al-Hajjaj}}
[[Category:9th-century births]]
[[Category:875 deaths]]
[[Category:9th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:Iranian scholars]]
[[Category:Persian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:9th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Hadith compilers]]
[[Category:Hadith scholars]]
[[Category:Muhaddiths from Nishapur]]
[[Category:9th-century jurists]]
[[Category:Biographical evaluation scholars]]
[[Category:9th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Banu 'Amir]]

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj - Revision history

Anthony: added content also and cleaned formatting for accuracy

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article