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{{Short description|Muslim community in North India}}{{more footnotes|date=November 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{infobox ethnic group
|group= Rangrez
|population = 377,200<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php|title = People Groups | Joshua Project}}</ref>
|popplace = • {{flagcountry|India}} • {{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
|langs = • [[Urdu language|Urdu]] • [[Hindi language|Hindi]] • [[Bhojpuri]]
|rels= • [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islam]] 100% •
|related= • [[Rangrez]] • [[Muslim Chhipi]] • [[Shaikhs in South Asia|Shaikh]]
}}

The '''Rangrez''' is a [[Muslim]] community in [[North India]].<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1211 Manohar Publications</ref> Many members of '''Muslim Rangrez''' community have migrated to [[Pakistan]] after independence and have settled in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]].

==History and origin==

The word ''rangrez'' (رنگریز) means a dyer in the [[Persian language|Persian]] language, and the community has been connected with this occupation, but in present circumstances, its members are involved in different trades and other business activities. Many now claim [[Central Asia]]n descent, and it is quite possible that only some may be of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] ancestry. They are Hindu converts and they may be converts from the [[Hindu]] [[Rangrez]] [[caste]], [[Rajputs]] according to their family geneological records maintained or it is more likely that some members of the community are of foreign origin, who over time have evolved into a community which is now bound by rules of [[endogamy]].<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1201 Manohar Publications</ref> They are now associated with the printing of clothes.
But Rangrez of India don't have same DNA intermixing as pathans and sayyids do, it means they are mid caste Hindu converts and they have nothing to do with muslim rajpoots, mewati or kayamkhani as their skin tone and facial features are of australoid type.
They have the three subdivision, the '''Lalgarh''', '''Nilgarh''' and [[Muslim Chhipi|Chhipi]], and speak [[Urdu]], as well as local dialects of [[Hindi]]. The basis of these social divisions is occupation. In this social hierarchy, the [[Muslim Chhipi|Chhipi]] are placed in the lowest position, because they dyed and printed clothes, whereas the Lalgarh and Nilgarh generally prepare colour from indigo. In fact, the [[Muslim Chhipi|Chhipi]] form a distinct endogamous sub-group within the larger Rangrez community. The word Rangrez has now been replaced by the word Sabbagh, which is an [[Arabic]] word meaning garden. They are a [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] community. They also visit the shrines of various [[Sufi]] saints found in [[North India]], such as Khwaja [[Moinuddin Chishti]].<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1204 Manohar Publications</ref>

==Distribution==

The Rangrez are found in the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Delhi]] and [[Rajasthan]].<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1041 Manohar Publications</ref>

Quite a few Rangrez have immigrated to [[Pakistan]], where they form an important element in the [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajir]] community.

==Present circumstances==

=== In Uttar Pradesh ===

In [[Uttar Pradesh]], they are a landless community, involved in textiles and printing. Many have given up their traditional occupation, and recent surveys show only ten percent are still involved in their traditional occupation. Many have now adopted different other occupation Rangrez specially in Rohilkhand Region are substantial land owner and involve in different types of trade. In Pilibhit District Tehsil Puranpur where Rangrez have sizable population and are well to do rangrez also have sizable population in Bareilly district. Tehsil baheri have good no. of population where its members are businessmen. Rangrez Community also live in Kanpur, Auraiya, Etawah, Agra and Agra's Tehsil Bah & Fatehabad, Firozabad, Alighar, Etah Kasganj. Mujaffarnagar, Sharanpur, and its sub district. Its members are approximately educated, businessman and government jobs.
They live in multi-caste and multi-religious villages, but occupy their own distinct quarters. Most speak [[Urdu language|Urdu]], as well as local dialects of [[Hindi]], such as [[Awadhi]].<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1042 Manohar Publications</ref>

The Rangrez have their own council of elders to deal with matters relating to the community. This caste council or [[panchayat]] deals with issues such as elopement, fights, thefts and disrespect of community norms. The caste council has an elected president, secretary and treasurer, and no longer operates as a traditional caste council. They are an endogamous community, and cross cousin and parallel cousin marriages are prevalent. Traditionally marriages take place between the Lalgarh and Nilgarh sub-groups, but not with the [[Muslim Chhipi]]. These three sub-groups are further divided into ''biradaris'', clans which claim descent from a common ancestor. Marriages are preferred within the biradaris. Important biradaris include the [[Saiyed]], [[Chipa]], Chandelwal, [[Ghosi]], [[Siddiqi]], [[Usmani]], [[Shaikh]] and [[Khatri]].<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1205 Manohar Publications</ref>

=== In Rajasthan ===

In [[Rajasthan]], the community claim to have come from [[Delhi]] during the rule of [[Mohammad Ghori]]. {{citation needed|date=January 2019}} They are found mainly in [[Alwar]], [[Jaipur]], [[Sikar]] and Sawai Madhopur districts. The community is sub-divided into several clans, known as [[gotra]]s, the main ones being [[Ghilji|Khilji]], [[Chauhan]], Bagadiya, Tuglaq [[Singhania (disambiguation)|Singhania]], [[Ghori]]{{dn|date=August 2021}}, [[Solanki]], Arab, Salampariya and Sabuka, jajodia. They maintain a system of clan exogamy, which a practice unique to the Rajasthan Rangrez. The Rangrez are involved mainly involved in the trading and printing of clothes. Like in [[Uttar Pradesh]], the [[Rajasthan]] Rangrez live in multi-caste and multi-religious villages, but maintain a social distance with neighbouring [[Muslim]] [[caste]]s such as the [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]] and [[Manihar]].,<ref>People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas pages 709 to 712 Popular Prakashan</ref> Behlim Rangrez is oldest Muslim gotra in India. They came with Mahmood ghaznavi in his Indian campaign.They were Mostly Persians, Turks and Arabs. Maximum Behaleem rangrez migrated for Pakistan during Independence (1947).

=== In Bihar ===

In [[Bihar]], they are found in the districts of [[Patna District|Patna]], [[Siwan District|Siwan]], [[Saran District|Saran]], [[Munger]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Bhagalpur District|Bhagalpur]] and [[Muzaffarpur]]. Muzaffarpur has the second largest population of rangrez caste. Muzaffarpur has its own committee leading by MD.Jahangir Rangrez as President and Abdul Rashid Rangrez as Secretary . They speak [[Urdu]], as well as [[Magadhi language|Magadhi]] and [[Bhojpuri]]. Their traditional occupation is textile dyeing and printing. Unlike Uttar Pradesh, there is no distinct caste of printers, both occupations being done by the Rangrez. The majority of the Rangrez in [[Bihar]] however no longer practice their traditional occupation. Many Rangrez are now petty businessmen, while some are cultivators.<ref>People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 814 to 817 Seagull Books</ref>

=== In Gujarat ===
In Gujarat, they are found in many districts like, Surat, Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ankleshwar, Patan, wagda. some of them are doing the old traditional occupation. In vadodara they are situated at the time of Sir Sayajirao Gayakwad, Some of them are lived in Patan at the time of Siddhraj Jaysing more them 200 years. In Patan you can see the Place Name "Rangrej Ki Khadaki." They are also called as "Anjuman Patni Rangrez ". From our sources i came to know that we are coming from Ajmer at the time of Sir Sayajirao Gayakwad and some of them shifted in Patan or in south Gujarat. In Surat they are situated at the time of (between 1990-1993).

==See also==
* [[Rangrez]]
* [[Shaikhs in South Asia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Bihar]]
[[Category:Shaikh clans]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Gujarat]]

Muslim Rangrez - Revision history

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