Music of Tamil Nadu - Revision history

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	{{~~Refimprove~~\|date=July 2020}}		{{Short description\|Musical traditions of the state of Tamil Nadu, India}}
			{{More citations needed\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
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	There are 72 basic scales on the octave, and a rich variety of melodic motion. Both melodic and rhythmic structures are varied and compelling. This is one of the world's oldest and richest musical traditions.<ref name="origin">{{cite web\| url=http://www.carnatica.net/origin.htm\| title= History of Music, Origins\|work=The Carnatica Group\|publisher=Carnatica.net\|access-date=2007-07-03}}</ref> Songs have been composed by great artists and handed down through generations of disciples.		There are 72 basic scales on the octave, and a rich variety of melodic motion. Both melodic and rhythmic structures are varied and compelling. This is one of the world's oldest and richest musical traditions.<ref name="origin">{{cite web\| url=http://www.carnatica.net/origin.htm\| title= History of Music, Origins\|work=The Carnatica Group\|publisher=Carnatica.net\|access-date=2007-07-03}}</ref> Songs have been composed by great artists and handed down through generations of disciples.

	The composers belonging to the [[Tamil Trinity]] of [[Muthu Thandavar]] (1560 - 1640 CE), [[Arunachala Kavi]] (~~1712–~~		The composers belonging to the [[Tamil Trinity]] of [[Muthu Thandavar]] (1560 - 1640 CE), [[Arunachala Kavi]] (1712–1779) and [[Marimutthu Pillai]] (1717–1787) composed hundreds of devotional songs in Tamil and helped in the evolution of Carnatic music. Three saint composers of the 18th to 19th Century, [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] and [[Shyama Shastri]], have composed thousands of songs that remain favourites among musicians and audiences. Today, Tamil Nadu has hundreds of notable carnatic singers who spread this music all over the world. [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], a renowned carnatic singer, had the honour of singing a song in the [[UN Security Council]].
	~~[[File:Baratanatyam.ogg\|thumb\|[[Bharatanatyam\|Baratanatyam]] music]]~~
	~~1779~~) and [[Marimutthu Pillai]] (1717–1787) composed hundreds of devotional songs in Tamil and helped in the evolution of Carnatic music. Three saint composers of the 18th to 19th Century, [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] and [[Shyama Shastri]], have composed thousands of songs that remain favourites among musicians and audiences. Today, Tamil Nadu has hundreds of notable carnatic singers who spread this music all over the world. [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], a renowned carnatic singer, had the honour of singing a song in the [[UN Security Council]].

	==Folk music==		==Folk music==
	[[File:A TAMILNADU musical instrument.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\| ''[[Ekkalam]]'', traditional wind instrument]]		[[File:A TAMILNADU musical instrument.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\| ''[[Ekkalam]]'', traditional wind instrument]]
	~~[[File:Nenje Ezhu at Chennai.jpg\|thumb\|[[A. R. Rahman\|A.R. Rahman]] at [[Chennai]] concert\|alt=\|left\|179x179px]]~~
	[[File:2- urumi melam.jpg\|thumb\|249x249px\|alt=\|''[[Urumi (drum)\|Urumi melam]]'' (hourglas drum)]]		[[File:2- urumi melam.jpg\|thumb\|249x249px\|alt=\|''[[Urumi (drum)\|Urumi melam]]'' (hourglas drum)]]

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	== Gaana ==		== Gaana ==
	{{Main\|Gaana}}		{{Main\|Gaana}}
	[[Gaana]] is a [[Rapping\|rap]]-like "collection of rhythms, beats and sensibilities native to the [[Dalit~~\|Dalits~~]] of Chennai."<ref name=":02">{{Cite book\|last=Valan\|first=Antony Arul\|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1134074309\|title=Keywords for India : A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century.~~\|date=~~\|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc~~\|others=~~\|year=2020\|isbn=978-1-350-03927-8\|location=London\|pages=~~83-84~~\|chapter=Gana (Gānā)\|oclc=1134074309}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|date=2006-04-02\|title=`Gaana' Ulaganathan bags 3 more film offers\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/gaana-ulaganathan-bags-3-more-film-offers/article3141626.ece\|access-date=2019-10-23\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|last=Valan\|first=Antony Arul\|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1134074309\|title=Keywords for India : A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century.\|date=\|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc\|others=\|year=2020\|isbn=978-1-350-03927-8\|location=London\|pages=83-84\|chapter=Gana (Gānā)\|oclc=1134074309}}</ref> It evolved over the past two centuries, combining influences from the ''siddhars'' (tantric adepts) of ancient [[Tamilakam]], Tamil Sufi saints, and more.<ref name=":02" /> Gaana songs are performed at weddings, stage shows, political rallies, and funerals. Performers sing about a wide range of topics, but the essence of gaana is said to be "angst and melancholy" based in life's struggles.<ref name=":02" /> In the past few decades, the genre has entered the music of the mainstream Tamil film industry and gained popularity.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news\|last=Srivathsan\|first=A.\|date=2012-08-25\|title=A struggle to elevate the subaltern Chennai Gana\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-struggle-to-elevate-the-subaltern-chennai-gana/article3817592.ece\|access-date=2021-03-27\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Contemporary gaana bands like [[The Casteless Collective]] are bringing the genre to new audiences while using it for social activism, especially against [[Caste system in India\|caste discrimination]].<ref name=":02" />		[[Gaana]] is a [[Rapping\|rap]]-like "collection of rhythms, beats and sensibilities native to the [[Dalit]]s of Chennai."<ref name=":02">{{Cite book\|last=Valan\|first=Antony Arul\|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1134074309\|title=Keywords for India : A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century.\|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc\|year=2020\|isbn=978-1-350-03927-8\|location=London\|pages=83–84\|chapter=Gana (Gānā)\|oclc=1134074309}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|date=2006-04-02\|title='Gaana' Ulaganathan bags 3 more film offers\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/gaana-ulaganathan-bags-3-more-film-offers/article3141626.ece\|access-date=2019-10-23\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It evolved over the past two centuries, combining influences from the ''siddhars'' (tantric adepts) of ancient [[Tamilakam]], Tamil Sufi saints, and more.<ref name=":02" /> Gaana songs are performed at weddings, stage shows, political rallies, and funerals. Performers sing about a wide range of topics, but the essence of gaana is said to be "angst and melancholy" based in life's struggles.<ref name=":02" /> In the past few decades, the genre has entered the music of the mainstream Tamil film industry and gained popularity.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news\|last=Srivathsan\|first=A.\|date=2012-08-25\|title=A struggle to elevate the subaltern Chennai Gana\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-struggle-to-elevate-the-subaltern-chennai-gana/article3817592.ece\|access-date=2021-03-27\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Contemporary gaana bands like [[The Casteless Collective]] are bringing the genre to new audiences while using it for social activism, especially against [[Caste system in India\|caste discrimination]].<ref name=":02" />

	==Film music==		==Film music==
	[[Tamil cinema]] is well known for its talented composers. The two most famous and acclaimed film composers of India, [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and [[A. R. Rahman]] are from Tamil Nadu. Other prominent Tamil [[film score]] and [[Film soundtrack\|soundtrack]] composers in the industry include [[Harris Jayaraj]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], [[Vidyasagar (~~music director~~)\|Vidyasagar]], [[D. Imman]], [[Deva (composer)\|Deva]], [[S. A. Rajkumar]], [[Sirpy]], [[Bharadwaj (~~music director~~)\|Bharadwaj]], [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Anirudh Ravichander]], [[Santhosh Narayanan]] and [[Hiphop Tamizha]]. During the 1960s and 1970s, prominent film composers [[K. V. Mahadevan]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and others were popular.		[[File:Nenje Ezhu at Chennai.jpg\|thumb\|[[A. R. Rahman\|A.R. Rahman]] at [[Chennai]] concert\|alt=\|left\|179x179px]]
			[[Tamil cinema]] is well known for its talented composers. The two most famous and acclaimed film composers of India, [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and [[A. R. Rahman]] are from Tamil Nadu, and predominantly work in the Tamil Film Industry, otherwise known as [[Kollywood]]. Other prominent Tamil [[film score]] and [[Film soundtrack\|soundtrack]] composers in the industry include [[Harris Jayaraj]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], [[Vidyasagar (composer)\|Vidyasagar]], [[D. Imman]], [[Deva (composer)\|Deva]], [[S. A. Rajkumar]], [[Sirpy]], [[Bharadwaj (composer)\|Bharadwaj]], [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Anirudh Ravichander]], [[Santhosh Narayanan]] and [[Hiphop Tamizha]]. During the 1960s and 1970s, prominent film composers [[K. V. Mahadevan]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and others were popular.

	The film music of Tamil Nadu is widely known for its innovation and eclecticism. Scores may showcase blends of Carnatic, Western and other instruments, with a range of melodic and rhythmic patterns. Orchestral themes and minimalist songs often feature. Recent trends show the prevalence of [[synthesizers]] and other electronic instruments.		The film music of Tamil Nadu is widely known for its innovation and eclecticism. Scores may showcase blends of Carnatic, Western and other instruments, with a range of melodic and rhythmic patterns. Orchestral themes and minimalist songs often feature. Recent trends show the prevalence of [[synthesizers]] and other electronic instruments.

	== Instruments ==		== Instruments ==
	<gallery mode=packed heights=140px>		<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
	File:Yaarl.jpg\|Yaarl		File:Yaarl.jpg\|Yaarl
	File:Thannumai.jpg\|Thannumai		File:Thannumai.jpg\|Thannumai
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	==Sounds==		==Sounds==
	<gallery mode=packed heights=140px>		<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
	File:A tamil thappu.ogv\|[[Parai Attam]]		File:A tamil thappu.ogv\|[[Parai Attam]]
	File:A Sound from thappu- Tamilnadu.ogv		File:A Sound from thappu- Tamilnadu.ogv
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{Commons category\|Music of Tamil Nadu}}~~
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000117233018/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5180/tnmusic1.html History of classical music in Tamil Nadu]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000117233018/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5180/tnmusic1.html History of classical music in Tamil Nadu]
	* [https://tamilnation.org/culture/music/index.htm Tamil Music - தமிழ் இசை]		* [https://tamilnation.org/culture/music/index.htm Tamil Music - தமிழ் இசை]

1.123.229.61: /* Film music */

2021-08-12T03:00:29Z

Film music

New page

{{Refimprove|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
[[File:"Tamil music troop".jpg|thumb|"Tamil musical troup"|441x441px]]
{{Tamils}}
'''Music of Tamil Nadu''' has a long tradition and history going back thousands of years. Music is a very important aspect of marriage and temple festival [[Tamil people]].

==Ancient music==
{{main|Ancient Tamil music}}
The tradition of Tamil music goes back to the earliest period of [[History of Tamil Nadu|Tamil history]]. Many poems of the [[Sangam literature]], the classical [[Tamil literature]] of the early [[common era]], were set to music. There are various references to this ancient musical tradition found in the ancient Sangam books such as ''[[Ettuthokai]]'' and ''[[Pathupattu]]''. The early narrative poem ''[[Silappatikaram]]'', belonging to the post-Sangam period also mentions various forms of music practiced by the [[Tamil people]]. Music was also utilised in the compositions of the Tamil [[Nayanars|Saiva saints]] such as [[Appar]], [[Thirugnana Sambanthar]] and [[Manikkavasagar]] during the Hindu revival period between the sixth and the tenth centuries CE. The musical poet (''sandakkavi'') [[Arunagirinathar]] further embellished the Tamil musical tradition through his compositions of Tamil hymns known as ''[[Thiruppugazh]]''.
[[File:Thiruppugazh - Umbartharu - Hamsadhwani.wav|thumb|[[Thiruppugazh]] - Umbartharu]]

==Pannisai==
[[File:Tiruvannamalai-temple-sculpture-depiction_of_musicians.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|[[Arunachalesvara Temple|Tiruvannamalai temple]] sculpture depiction of musicians]]
{{main|Pannisai}}
[[Pann]], which is the classical music form of Southern India, has a long history in Tamil Nadu. Later the name was mistakenly changed as Carnatic music. Even today Pannisai is sung in temple festivals. Tamil Nadu has produced a number of famous performers, as well as a closely related classical dance form [[Bharatha Natyam]]. Chennai hosts a large cultural event, the annual [[Madras Music Season]], which includes performances by hundreds of artists.

There are 72 basic scales on the octave, and a rich variety of melodic motion. Both melodic and rhythmic structures are varied and compelling. This is one of the world's oldest and richest musical traditions.<ref name="origin">{{cite web| url=http://www.carnatica.net/origin.htm| title= History of Music, Origins|work=The Carnatica Group|publisher=Carnatica.net|access-date=2007-07-03}}</ref> Songs have been composed by great artists and handed down through generations of disciples.

The composers belonging to the [[Tamil Trinity]] of [[Muthu Thandavar]] (1560 - 1640 CE), [[Arunachala Kavi]] (1712–
[[File:Baratanatyam.ogg|thumb|[[Bharatanatyam|Baratanatyam]] music]]
1779) and [[Marimutthu Pillai]] (1717–1787) composed hundreds of devotional songs in Tamil and helped in the evolution of Carnatic music. Three saint composers of the 18th to 19th Century, [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] and [[Shyama Shastri]], have composed thousands of songs that remain favourites among musicians and audiences. Today, Tamil Nadu has hundreds of notable carnatic singers who spread this music all over the world. [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], a renowned carnatic singer, had the honour of singing a song in the [[UN Security Council]].

==Folk music==
[[File:A TAMILNADU musical instrument.jpg|right|thumb|250px| ''[[Ekkalam]]'', traditional wind instrument]]
[[File:Nenje Ezhu at Chennai.jpg|thumb|[[A. R. Rahman|A.R. Rahman]] at [[Chennai]] concert|alt=|left|179x179px]]
[[File:2- urumi melam.jpg|thumb|249x249px|alt=|''[[Urumi (drum)|Urumi melam]]'' (hourglas drum)]]

Folk singing remains popular, especially in rural areas; elements of the traditional styles are sometimes used in film music. There are contemporary enthusiasts, like [[Vijayalakshmi Navaneethakrishnan]] and Pushpavanam Kuppuswamy, who have worked to revive popular interest in the folk music of Tamil Nadu. The urumee mellam also remains as one of the more popular forms of folk music in rural Tamil Nadu and the ensemble is most often played with an [[urumi (drum)|urumee]] and the [[nadaswaram]] as the instrument of choice.

The rural hill tribes of Tamil Nadu each have their own folk traditions. The [[Pulayar]], for example, perform [[melody|melodies]] called [[tala (music)|talams]] which are said to come from the cooing of birds. Each talam is named after a deity, including Kunhanada talam, Mangalanada talam and Karaganachi talam.

== Gaana ==
{{Main|Gaana}}
[[Gaana]] is a [[Rapping|rap]]-like "collection of rhythms, beats and sensibilities native to the [[Dalit|Dalits]] of Chennai."<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Valan|first=Antony Arul|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1134074309|title=Keywords for India : A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century.|date=|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|others=|year=2020|isbn=978-1-350-03927-8|location=London|pages=83-84|chapter=Gana (Gānā)|oclc=1134074309}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2006-04-02|title=`Gaana' Ulaganathan bags 3 more film offers|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/gaana-ulaganathan-bags-3-more-film-offers/article3141626.ece|access-date=2019-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Valan|first=Antony Arul|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1134074309|title=Keywords for India : A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century.|date=|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|others=|year=2020|isbn=978-1-350-03927-8|location=London|pages=83-84|chapter=Gana (Gānā)|oclc=1134074309}}</ref> It evolved over the past two centuries, combining influences from the ''siddhars'' (tantric adepts) of ancient [[Tamilakam]], Tamil Sufi saints, and more.<ref name=":02" /> Gaana songs are performed at weddings, stage shows, political rallies, and funerals. Performers sing about a wide range of topics, but the essence of gaana is said to be "angst and melancholy" based in life's struggles.<ref name=":02" /> In the past few decades, the genre has entered the music of the mainstream Tamil film industry and gained popularity.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Srivathsan|first=A.|date=2012-08-25|title=A struggle to elevate the subaltern Chennai Gana|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-struggle-to-elevate-the-subaltern-chennai-gana/article3817592.ece|access-date=2021-03-27|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Contemporary gaana bands like [[The Casteless Collective]] are bringing the genre to new audiences while using it for social activism, especially against [[Caste system in India|caste discrimination]].<ref name=":02" />

==Film music==
[[Tamil cinema]] is well known for its talented composers. The two most famous and acclaimed film composers of India, [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and [[A. R. Rahman]] are from Tamil Nadu. Other prominent Tamil [[film score]] and [[Film soundtrack|soundtrack]] composers in the industry include [[Harris Jayaraj]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], [[Vidyasagar (music director)|Vidyasagar]], [[D. Imman]], [[Deva (composer)|Deva]], [[S. A. Rajkumar]], [[Sirpy]], [[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]], [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Anirudh Ravichander]], [[Santhosh Narayanan]] and [[Hiphop Tamizha]]. During the 1960s and 1970s, prominent film composers [[K. V. Mahadevan]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and others were popular.

The film music of Tamil Nadu is widely known for its innovation and eclecticism. Scores may showcase blends of Carnatic, Western and other instruments, with a range of melodic and rhythmic patterns. Orchestral themes and minimalist songs often feature. Recent trends show the prevalence of [[synthesizers]] and other electronic instruments.

== Instruments ==
<gallery mode=packed heights=140px>
File:Yaarl.jpg|Yaarl
File:Thannumai.jpg|Thannumai
File:A Pambai.JPG|Pambai
File:Veenai (Veena) of Tamilnadu.jpg|Veena
File:Muzavu.jpg|Muzavu
File:7 mouthed pot (musical instrument).JPG|7 mouthed pot
File:A Horn instrument.JPG|Horn
File:A image of Seevali.JPG|Seevali
File:An Udukkai.JPG|Udukkai
File:A Nadaswaram with seevali.JPG|Nadaswaram
File:TamilFolkArtistsInFuneral.jpg|Tamil folk artists at a funeral
File:A Nadaswaram Artist.JPG|Nadaswaram artist
File:A Drum instrument Thappu.JPG|Tamil drum
File:A manual shruti box.JPG|Shruti box
</gallery>

==Sounds==
<gallery mode=packed heights=140px>
File:A tamil thappu.ogv|[[Parai Attam]]
File:A Sound from thappu- Tamilnadu.ogv
</gallery>
==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons category|Music of Tamil Nadu}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000117233018/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5180/tnmusic1.html History of classical music in Tamil Nadu]
* [https://tamilnation.org/culture/music/index.htm Tamil Music - தமிழ் இசை]

[[Category:Music of Indian subdivisions|Tamil]]
[[Category:Tamil music| ]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu]]