Music of Haryana - Revision history

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Adding intentionally blank description, overriding Wikidata description "Musical haryana"

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2021-11-09T15:44:22Z

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	==== Variations ====		==== Variations ====
	[[Mewati gharana]]<ref>http://www.ipaac.org/Abhyankar.htm</ref><ref>http://www.ipaac.org/Sanjeev2015.htm</ref> is a [[Gharana\|musical apprenticeship tribe]] of [[Hindustani classical music]] in [[Mewat]] region. Known for being [[Jasraj\|Pandit Jasraj's]] musical lineage, the gharana was founded by brothers [[Mewati gharana#Utd. Ghagge Nazir Khan\|Utd. Ghagge Nazir Khan]] and [[Mewati gharana#Utd. Wahid Khan (beenkar)\|Utd. Wahid Khan ({{transl\|bgc\|beenkar}})]] of [[Rewa (princely state)\|Bhopal]]<ref>http://mewatheritage.khamayati.org/about/</ref> in the late 19th century at the [[Jodhpur State\|Jodhpur court]].{{cn\|date=July 2020}} Consequently, it is also known (though less commonly) as the Jodhpur Gharana.{{cn\|date=July 2020}} With its own distinct aesthetics, stylings, practices, and repertoire, the gharana emerged as an offshoot of the [[Gwalior gharana\|Gwalior]] and [[Qawwal Bacchon ka Gharana\|Qawwal Bacchon (Delhi)]] musical traditions.<ref>http://thecompass.in/evolution-of-hindustani-music-patron-and-patronage-1181</ref> The gharana gained visibility in the late-20th century after [[Jasraj\|Pt. Jasraj]] popularized the [[gayaki]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Nagarkar \|first1=Samarth \|title=Raga Sangeet: Understanding Hindustani Classical Vocal Music \|date=2013 \|publisher=Chhandayan, Inc. \|location=New York}}</ref>		[[Mewati gharana]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.ipaac.org/Abhyankar.htm\|title = IPAAC Home}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.ipaac.org/Sanjeev2015.htm\|title=IPAAC Home}}</ref> is a [[Gharana\|musical apprenticeship tribe]] of [[Hindustani classical music]] in [[Mewat]] region. Known for being [[Jasraj\|Pandit Jasraj's]] musical lineage, the gharana was founded by brothers [[Mewati gharana#Utd. Ghagge Nazir Khan\|Utd. Ghagge Nazir Khan]] and [[Mewati gharana#Utd. Wahid Khan (beenkar)\|Utd. Wahid Khan ({{transl\|bgc\|beenkar}})]] of [[Rewa (princely state)\|Bhopal]]<ref>http://mewatheritage.khamayati.org/about/</ref> in the late 19th century at the [[Jodhpur State\|Jodhpur court]].{{cn\|date=July 2020}} Consequently, it is also known (though less commonly) as the Jodhpur Gharana.{{cn\|date=July 2020}} With its own distinct aesthetics, stylings, practices, and repertoire, the gharana emerged as an offshoot of the [[Gwalior gharana\|Gwalior]] and [[Qawwal Bacchon ka Gharana\|Qawwal Bacchon (Delhi)]] musical traditions.<ref>http://thecompass.in/evolution-of-hindustani-music-patron-and-patronage-1181</ref> The gharana gained visibility in the late-20th century after [[Jasraj\|Pt. Jasraj]] popularized the [[gayaki]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Nagarkar \|first1=Samarth \|title=Raga Sangeet: Understanding Hindustani Classical Vocal Music \|date=2013 \|publisher=Chhandayan, Inc. \|location=New York}}</ref>

	=== Desi/country music of Haryana ===		=== Desi/country music of Haryana ===
	{{anchor \| Country Music of Haryana \| Haryanvi Country Music \| Desi Music of Haryana }}		{{anchor \| Country Music of Haryana \| Haryanvi Country Music \| Desi Music of Haryana }}

	The country-side or [[desi]] (native) form of Haryanvi music is based on [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)\|Raag Bhairvi]], [[Bhairav (raga)\|Raag Bhairav]], [[Kafi (raga)\|Raag Kafi]], [[Jaijaivanti\|Raag Jaijaivanti]], [[Jhinjhoti\|Raag Jhinjhoti]] and [[Raag Pahadi]] and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, [[ballad]]s, [[Religious music\|ceremonial songs]] (wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as [[Puran Bhagat]]. [[Ahir]]s also use melodic [[Pilu\|Raag Pilu]] on a scale using seven semi-tones.{{cn\|date=July 2020}}		The country-side or [[desi]] (native) form of Haryanvi music is based on [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)\|Raag Bhairvi]], [[Bhairav (raga)\|Raag Bhairav]], [[Kafi (raga)\|Raag Kafi]], [[Jaijaivanti\|Raag Jaijaivanti]], [[Jhinjhoti\|Raag Jhinjhoti]] and [[Raag Pahadi]] and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, [[ballad]]s, [[Religious music\|ceremonial songs]] (wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as [[Puran Bhagat]]. [[Ahir]]s also use melodic [[Pilu (raga)\|Raag Pilu]] on a scale using seven semi-tones.{{cn\|date=July 2020}}

	[[Punjabi Qisse\|Kissa]] folklores of bravery and love such as Nihalde Sultan, Sati Manorama, Jai Singh ki Mrityu, Saran de, etc. are some of the most popular folklores. [[Rasa lila]] and "Ragini" are folk theatrical performance Haryana. The Ragini form of theater was popularised by [[Lakhmi Chand]].<ref name=harmu3>Manorma Sharma, 2007, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8131300463 Musical Heritage of India], Page 65.</ref> Singing is a great way of demolishing societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of the caste or status.<ref name=harmu3/> Songs are based on day to day themes and injecting earthy humor enlivens the feel of the songs. Haryanvi dances have fast energetic movements, and popular dance forms are Khoriya, Chaupaiya, Loor, Been, Ghoomar, Dhamal, [[Phalguna\|Phaag]], [[Shraavana\|Sawan]] and [[Gugga]].<ref name=harmu3/> Loor, which means girl in [[Khadir and Bangar\|bangar area]] of Haryana, is performed in the form of questions and answers format by the girls in traditional haryanvi attire in the month of [[phalguna]] (spring) during the [[Holi]] festival to marks the arrival of pleasant spring season and sowing of the [[rabi crop]]s.<ref name=loor1>[http://www.dance.anantagroup.com/loor-dance/ loor dance]</ref>		[[Punjabi Qisse\|Kissa]] folklores of bravery and love such as Nihalde Sultan, Sati Manorama, Jai Singh ki Mrityu, Saran de, etc. are some of the most popular folklores. [[Rasa lila]] and "Ragini" are folk theatrical performance Haryana. The Ragini form of theater was popularised by [[Lakhmi Chand]].<ref name=harmu3>Manorma Sharma, 2007, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8131300463 Musical Heritage of India], Page 65.</ref> Singing is a great way of demolishing societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of the caste or status.<ref name=harmu3/> Songs are based on day to day themes and injecting earthy humor enlivens the feel of the songs. Haryanvi dances have fast energetic movements, and popular dance forms are Khoriya, Chaupaiya, Loor, Been, Ghoomar, Dhamal, [[Phalguna\|Phaag]], [[Shraavana\|Sawan]] and [[Gugga]].<ref name=harmu3/> Loor, which means girl in [[Khadir and Bangar\|bangar area]] of Haryana, is performed in the form of questions and answers format by the girls in traditional haryanvi attire in the month of [[phalguna]] (spring) during the [[Holi]] festival to marks the arrival of pleasant spring season and sowing of the [[rabi crop]]s.<ref name=loor1>[http://www.dance.anantagroup.com/loor-dance/ loor dance]</ref>

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{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2018}}
{{Indian music|expanded=Territory}}
[[File:Indian_Been_Music_at_Surajkund_Craft_Fair.webm|thumb|400px|Video of [[Dhol]], string instrument (Ektara) and [[Pungi|Been]] musicians at [[Surajkund#Surajkund International Crafts Mela|Surajkund International Crafts Mela]] (c. 12 Feb 2012).]]

'''Folk music of Haryana''' has two main forms: classical folk music of Haryana and desi folk music of Haryana (country music of Haryana).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://artandculturalaffairshry.gov.in/en/music/folk-music |title=Folk Music of Haryana |author=Art & Cultural Affairs Department of Haryana |publisher=Art & Cultural Affairs Department of Haryana |access-date=2020-10-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gajrani |first1= Shiv|title=History, Religion and Culture of India |volume=1 |publisher= Isha Book |date=2004-09-09 |page=96 |isbn=978-8182050600}}</ref> They take the form of ballads and pangs of parting of lovers, valor and bravery, harvest and happiness.<ref name=harmu3/>

==History==
Haryana is rich in musical tradition and even places have been named after [[raga]]s, for example [[Charkhi Dadri district]] has many villages named as Nandyam, Sarangpur, Bilawala, Brindabana, Todi, Asaveri, Jaisri, Malakoshna, Hindola, Bhairvi and Gopi Kalyana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gajrani |first1= Shiv|title=History, Religion and Culture of India |volume=1 |publisher= Isha Book |date=2004-09-09 |page=96 |isbn=978-8182050600}}</ref>

== Folk music==

=== {{anchor | Classical Folk Music of Haryana | Classical Haryanvi Folk Music }} Classical Folk Music of Haryana ===

The classical form of Haryana music is closely associated with and based on [[Indian classical music]]. The [[states and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Haryana]] has produced a number of kinds of [[folk music]], and has also produced innovations in [[Indian classical music]]. [[List of Ragas in Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical ragas]] are used to sing [[Alha-Khand]] (1663-1202 CE) about bravery of [[Alha|Alha and Udal]], [[Udai Singh II|Jaimal Fatta of Maharana Udai Singh II]] of [[Chittor]] (Maharana Udai Singh was the son of [[Rana Sanga]] and the father of famous braveheart [[Maharana Pratap]]), [[Brahma]]s, [[Teej]] festive songs, [[Phalguna|Phaag songs of Phalgun month of Holi]] and [[Holi]] songs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramyead |first1=Lutchmee Parsad |title=THE ESTABLISHMENT AND CULTIVATION OF MODERN STANDARD HINDI IN MAURITIUS |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161528273.pdf |page=93 }}</ref>

==== Variations ====
[[Mewati gharana]]<ref>http://www.ipaac.org/Abhyankar.htm</ref><ref>http://www.ipaac.org/Sanjeev2015.htm</ref> is a [[Gharana|musical apprenticeship tribe]] of [[Hindustani classical music]] in [[Mewat]] region. Known for being [[Jasraj|Pandit Jasraj's]] musical lineage, the gharana was founded by brothers [[Mewati gharana#Utd. Ghagge Nazir Khan|Utd. Ghagge Nazir Khan]] and [[Mewati gharana#Utd. Wahid Khan (beenkar)|Utd. Wahid Khan ({{transl|bgc|beenkar}})]] of [[Rewa (princely state)|Bhopal]]<ref>http://mewatheritage.khamayati.org/about/</ref> in the late 19th century at the [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur court]].{{cn|date=July 2020}} Consequently, it is also known (though less commonly) as the Jodhpur Gharana.{{cn|date=July 2020}} With its own distinct aesthetics, stylings, practices, and repertoire, the gharana emerged as an offshoot of the [[Gwalior gharana|Gwalior]] and [[Qawwal Bacchon ka Gharana|Qawwal Bacchon (Delhi)]] musical traditions.<ref>http://thecompass.in/evolution-of-hindustani-music-patron-and-patronage-1181</ref> The gharana gained visibility in the late-20th century after [[Jasraj|Pt. Jasraj]] popularized the [[gayaki]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nagarkar |first1=Samarth |title=Raga Sangeet: Understanding Hindustani Classical Vocal Music |date=2013 |publisher=Chhandayan, Inc. |location=New York}}</ref>

=== Desi/country music of Haryana ===
{{anchor | Country Music of Haryana | Haryanvi Country Music | Desi Music of Haryana }}

The country-side or [[desi]] (native) form of Haryanvi music is based on [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)|Raag Bhairvi]], [[Bhairav (raga)|Raag Bhairav]], [[Kafi (raga)|Raag Kafi]], [[Jaijaivanti|Raag Jaijaivanti]], [[Jhinjhoti|Raag Jhinjhoti]] and [[Raag Pahadi]] and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, [[ballad]]s, [[Religious music|ceremonial songs]] (wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as [[Puran Bhagat]]. [[Ahir]]s also use melodic [[Pilu|Raag Pilu]] on a scale using seven semi-tones.{{cn|date=July 2020}}

[[Punjabi Qisse|Kissa]] folklores of bravery and love such as Nihalde Sultan, Sati Manorama, Jai Singh ki Mrityu, Saran de, etc. are some of the most popular folklores. [[Rasa lila]] and "Ragini" are folk theatrical performance Haryana. The Ragini form of theater was popularised by [[Lakhmi Chand]].<ref name=harmu3>Manorma Sharma, 2007, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8131300463 Musical Heritage of India], Page 65.</ref> Singing is a great way of demolishing societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of the caste or status.<ref name=harmu3/> Songs are based on day to day themes and injecting earthy humor enlivens the feel of the songs. Haryanvi dances have fast energetic movements, and popular dance forms are Khoriya, Chaupaiya, Loor, Been, Ghoomar, Dhamal, [[Phalguna|Phaag]], [[Shraavana|Sawan]] and [[Gugga]].<ref name=harmu3/> Loor, which means girl in [[Khadir and Bangar|bangar area]] of Haryana, is performed in the form of questions and answers format by the girls in traditional haryanvi attire in the month of [[phalguna]] (spring) during the [[Holi]] festival to marks the arrival of pleasant spring season and sowing of the [[rabi crop]]s.<ref name=loor1>[http://www.dance.anantagroup.com/loor-dance/ loor dance]</ref>

Young girls and women usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship related songs such as [[Phalguna|Phagan]] (song for eponymous season/month), [[Kartik (month)|Katak]] (songs for the eponymous season/month), [[Shraavana|Samman]] (songs for the eponymous season/month), bande-bandi (male-female duet songs), {{transl|bgc|italic=no|sathne}} (songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among female friends).<ref name=harmu3/> Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious songs) and ceremonial songs such as [[Bhajan]], Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of bride or groom by her brother), [[Punjabi wedding traditions#Sagai|Sagai]], [[Hindu wedding|Ban]] (Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding festivities starts), [[Childbirth in India|Kuan-Poojan]] (a custom that is performed to welcome the birth of male child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water), [[Sanjhi]] and Holi festival.<ref name=harmu3/>

All these are inter-caste songs, which are fluid in nature, are never personalized for specific caste. These are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, dialects so these songs do change fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style can be seen from adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs.<ref name=harmu3/> Despite this fluid nature, haryanvi songs have a distinct style of their own.<ref name=harmu3/>

===Traditional musicians and artists===
The folk music of Haryana has been spread by the Bhats, Saangis and Jogis.{{cn|date=July 2020}} [[Baje Bhagat]], [[Dayachand Mayna]], [[Jat Mehar Singh Dahiya]] and [[Lakhmi Chand]] are some popular early era Haryana artists.

===Music Instruments===
Music is made using many traditional instruments [[Sarangi]], Harmonium, [[Chimta]], [[Dhadd]], [[Dholak]], [[Manjeera]], [[Khartal]], [[Damaru]], [[Duggi (drum)|Duggi]], [[Daf]], [[Bansuri]], [[Pungi|Been]], [[Ghungroo]], [[Dhak (instrument)|Dhak]], [[Gharha]] (by adding rubber cover on top of the pitcher), [[Thali (percussion)|Thali]] (beaten with a stick to make music) and
[[Shankha]].{{cn|date=July 2020}}

Other instruments are:{{cn|date=July 2020}}
*[[Bansuri]]: [[wind instrument]] with an ancient history
*[[Pungi|Been]] - two bamboo pipes fixed in a gourd, associated with [[snake charmer]]s
*[[Iktara]] - a [[stringed instrument]] with one string, made from a piece of [[bamboo]] with a gourd at one end. Associated with the Jogis. The iktara's two-stringed relative is the [[dotara]].
*[[Sarangi]] - a bow instrument, used both in Haryana's folk and classical music
*[[Shankh]] - a sacred wind instrument, associated with [[Vishnu]]
*[[Shehnai]] - wind instrument

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Plucked_string_instruments_(5)_Indian_string_instruments,_Sarod,_Sitar,_Iktara_-_Soinuenea.jpg|[[Sarod]], [[Sitar]] and [[Iktara]]
The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Sarangi.jpg|[[Sarangi]]
Shehnai.jpg|[[Shehnai]]
Pakistani Qawwali Harmonium.jpg|Harmonium
Chimta (5945190629).jpg|[[Chimta]]
Dhadd.jpg|[[Dhadd]]
Pakhawaj.JPG|[[Pakhawaj]]
Dholak.jpg|[[Dholak]]
Manjeera or Taal.jpg|[[Manjeera]]
khartal1.jpg|A pair of [[Khartal]] blocks
Tambour Damaru (British Museum) (8697430998).jpg|[[Damaru]]
Duggi1.JPG|[[Duggi (drum)]]
Mechendaf.jpg|A woman playing a [[Daf]]
Hariprasad Chaurasia in Concert.jpg|[[Hariprasad Chaurasia]] playing the [[Bansuri]]
beeninstrument.jpg|[[Pungi|Been]]
Schlangenbeschwörer-Delhi-1973.jpg|A [[Snake charming|Snake Charmer]] playing [[Pungi|Been]]
Ghungroo.jpg|A pair of [[Ghungroo]]s
Namrta Rai - Ghungroos.jpg|Danseuse with 400 [[Ghungroo]]s
Nagara, a percussion instrument, Rajasthan.jpg|[[Naqareh#Indian Nagara|Nagara]] are kettledrums which accompany ''[[shehnai]]''
BD_Dhaki.JPG|[[Dhak (instrument)|Dhak]]
Kumda and satti.JPG|[[Gharha]] is made by adding rubber cover on top of the pitcher
Vegetarian Curry.jpeg|[[Thali (percussion)|Thali]] is used to serve food and beaten with a stick to make music
Carved Conch.jpg|Carved Vamavarta [[Shankha]]s, ''circa'' 11-12th century, [[Pala Empire|Pala period]]
</gallery>

==See also==

* [[Administrative divisions of Haryana]]
* [[Haryanvi cinema]]
* [[Haryana#Culture|Haryanvi culture]]
* [[Haryana Tourism |Haryanvi cultural tourism]]
* [[List of Indian folk dances#Haryana|Haryanvi folk dances]]
* [[Haryanvi language]]
* [[Haryanvi people]]
* [[Haryanvi Raagni]]
* [[Saang|Haryanvi saang]]
* [[Indian musical instruments]]
* [[List of Haryanvi-language films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Shikha |last2=Bhawna |first2=Dandona |title=Haryana (Culture Heritage Guide) |publisher=Aryan Books International |year=2012 |isbn=9788173054396}}

==Related Articles==
{{Indian Music}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}
{{India topics}}
{{Music of Asia}}

[[Category:Haryanavi culture]]
[[Category: Telugu Songs Download [https://mp3naasongs.me/ Music of South Indian] subdivisions|Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian music| ]]