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{{short description|Indian breed of water buffalo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox water buffalo breed
| name = Murrah buffalo
| altname =
| country = India
| status = Domesticated
| image = Murrah buffalo.JPG
| image_caption = Murrah buffaloes in the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) at its [[Central Mindanao University]] facility in [[Maramag, Bukidnon]]
| maleweight = 750 kg
| femaleweight = 650 kg
| maleheight = 4.9 foot ca. 142 cm
| femaleheight = 4.7 foot ca. 133 cm
| coat = Black
| use = [[Dairy]]
| distribution = Azerbaijan, Brazil, Colombia, China, Ecuador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam, Venezuela
}}

The '''Murrah buffalo''' is a breed of [[water buffalo]] (''Bubalus bubalis'') mainly kept for milk production. It originates in [[Haryana]] and [[Punjab]] of India, where it is kept in the districts of [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]], [[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Jind district|Jind]], [[Jhajhar district|Jhajhar]], [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]] and the [[National Capital Region (India)|capital region of Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html|title=Murrah Buffalo|access-date=25 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207042140/http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html|archive-date=7 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
It has been used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in other countries, such as Italy, Bulgaria and Egypt.<ref>Moioli, B. and A. Borghese (2016). [http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/010/ah847e/ah847e01.pdf Buffalo Breeds and Management Systems]. Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia (Animal Production Research Institute).</ref> A Murrah buffalo at the Lakshmi Dairy Farm in Punjab set a record of {{cvt|26.335|kg}} of milk in the 2016 National Livestock Competition and Expo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/story/184582.html|title=Murrah buffalo sets record with 26.33 kg milk|publisher=tribuneindia.com|date=2016-01-16|access-date=2016-04-24}}</ref>
In Brazil, this breed of buffalo is used for production of both meat and milk. Murrahs sell for a high price.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Andhra-Pradesh-farmer-buys-Haryana-murrah-buffalo-for-Rs-25L/articleshow/21753870.cms |title=Andhra Pradesh farmer buys Haryana murrah buffalo for Rs 25L |work=The Times of India|date=2013-08-11 |access-date=2014-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-semen-sale/article1-1185010.aspx |title=Rs 40-lakh-a-year hurrah for owner of this Murrah! |work=Hindustan Times|date=2014-02-17 |access-date=2014-06-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102909/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-semen-sale/article1-1185010.aspx |archive-date=19 August 2014}}</ref>

Among Indian buffalo breeds, Murrah is noted to have the highest milk yield.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nilotpal|first1=Ghosh|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/LIVESTOCK_PRODUCTION_MANAGEMENT/GpipDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1|title=Livestock Production Management|date=July 2019|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-93-88028-98-1}}</ref>

==Appearance==
[[File:Búfalo Murrah.JPG|thumb|Murrah buffalo on a Brazilian farm]]
Murrah buffaloes are jet black in colour, sometimes with white markings on the face or legs. Their eyes are black, active, and prominent in females, but slightly shrunken in males and should not be walled, i.e., the cornea should not have whiteness. Their necks are long and thin in females and thick and massive in males. Their ears are short, thin, and alert.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

They typically have short and tightly curved horns. Bulls weigh around {{convert|550|kg|abbr=on}} and cows around {{convert|450|kg|abbr=on}}. Average milk production is {{cvt|2200|l|abbr=on}} in a lactation period of 310 days.<ref name=a>{{cite web |url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/other/buffalo/murrah/index.htm |title=Murrah |work=ansi.okstate.edu |access-date=13 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180010/http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/other/buffalo/murrah/index.htm |archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharathidairyfarm.com/about-murrah.php |title=Murrah Buffalo |work=bharathidairyfarm.com}}</ref>

==Research institutes ==
These institutes have ongoing research programs to enhance and disseminate the Murrah breed:
*The [[Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes]] in Hisar is the premier research institute in India for improving the Murrah buffalo breed and for disseminating Murrah buffalo semen to farmers and buffalo breeders for fertilization of cows. It has cloned a Murrah buffalo to replicate the high quality breed.<ref name=CR1>[http://www.cirb.res.in CIRB website]</ref><ref name=CR4>[https://books.google.com/books?id=G8-XBnE_nAsC&pg=PA245&lpg=PA245&dq=Central+Institute+for+Research+on+Buffaloes,+hisar&source=bl&ots=xFM9DCcusp&sig=os1EOECw-tA48dhTEYAceZ5O3Gk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbxvbO9KzMAhUOBo4KHfz7BPI4ChDoAQgwMAU#v=onepage&q=Central%20Institute%20for%20Research%20on%20Buffaloes%2C%20hisar&f=false 50 years of Indian agriculture, page 245]</ref><ref name=jagran1>[http://www.jagran.com/haryana/hisar-16429094.html "लुवास का भैंस फार्म देश का सर्वश्रेष्ठ केंद्र घोषित (Hisar LUVAS Buffalo farm best in the nation)."], [[Dainik Jagran]], 25 July 2017.</ref><ref name=CR2>[http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/6765 Training on Advanced Buffalo Husbandry organized at CIRB, Hisar]</ref><ref name=CR5>Syed Mohmad Shah, Manmohan Singh Chauhan. 2017 [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1946556440 Reproduction in Buffalo: Natural and assisted reproductive techniques], Notion Press, Chennai.</ref><ref>[http://www.buffalopedia.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104&Itemid=107&lang=en Bulgarian Murrah]</ref>
* [[National Dairy Research Institute]] is an agro-dairy university in [[Karnal]].<ref>[https://hillpost.in/2019/07/nauni-university-at-rank-12-among-agri-research-institutes-of-country/112098/ Nauni University At Rank 12 Among Agri Research Institutes Of Country]</ref>
* The [[Philippine Carabao Center]] in the Philippines breeds Murrah buffaloes for adapting them to the local tropical conditions.

==See also==
* [[List of water buffalo breeds]]
* [[List of Indian cattle breeds]]
* [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] (IARI)
* [[Government Livestock Farm, Hisar]], research and dissemination institute to improve the feed for cattle to enhance the milk yield, situated next to the CIRB Hisar.

==References==
{{reflist}}
<references group="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207042140/http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html" />{{Water buffalo breeds}}

[[Category:Animal husbandry in Haryana]]
[[Category:Water buffalo breeds originating in India]]

Murrah buffalo - Revision history

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