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{{short description|1993 murder of an Indian moneychanger in Singapore}}
{{Infobox event
|event=
|date=8 – 9 October 1993
|Location=Jalan Berseh, [[Singapore]]
|convicted={{Plainlist|
* Jahabar Bagurudeen, 23
}}|motive=Allegedly out of anger
|reported deaths={{plainlist|
*Shamsul Hameed K M Mohamed Kassim Rowther, 50
}}
|sentence=[[capital punishment in Singapore|Death penalty]]
}}
On 8 October 1993, at his [[Jalan Besar|Jalan Berseh]] flat, an Indian moneychanger named '''Shamsul Hameed''' was killed by his friend '''Jahabar Bagurudeen'''. Bagurudeen, a businessman, was said to have killed Shamsul due to them having argued earlier about sharing a prostitute. Bagurudeen was sentenced to death after the trial court accepted the same prostitute's testimony that she saw Bagurudeen killing the victim, and rejected Bagurudeen's argument that he killed Shamsul out of anger for the victim's alleged mistreatment of Bagurudeen before the murder. After losing his appeal and clemency plea, Bagurudeen was hanged on 2 June 1995.

==Murder==
On 9 October 1993, a man arrived at his colleague's flat at Jalan Berseh, where he found his colleague dead inside the flat. His gold chain (worth S$2,000) and a Rolex watch worth S$6,000 were also found to be missing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhzb19931011-1.2.9.6 |title=钱币兑换商职员组屋住家遭勒死|language=zh|newspaper= Lianhe Zaobao }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/beritaharian19931011-1.2.24.5|language=Malay|title=Nyawa harga sebutir Rolex|newspaper=Berita Harian}}</ref>

The deceased victim was identified as Shamsul Hameed, who was fifty years old at the time of his death, and he came from [[India]]. His registered full name was Shamsul Hameed K M Mohamed Kassim Rowther, and he worked as a moneychanger. Shamsul, who was a Muslim, left behind a wife and two sons, who were all residing in India as of the time he was killed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhwb19931010-1.2.11.9.2 |title=客死异乡妻儿都在印度|language=zh|newspaper=Lianhe Wanbao}}</ref> It was also determined that Shamsul was strangled to death, either during the previous night of 8 October or during the early morning hours of 9 October. Shamsul's colleagues stated that Shamsul was absent from work that morning and it made them worried about him,<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/shinmin19931010-1.2.8.11.2 |title=死者独来独往昨日神秘失踪|language=zh|newspaper=新明日报 (Xin Ming Ri Bao)}}</ref> and they were shocked to hear that he was murdered, with the police concluding that robbery was a possible motive for the killing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhwb19931010-1.2.11.9.1 |title=横尸睡床上钱币兑换商活活被勒死|language=zh|newspaper=Lianhe Wanbao}}</ref> A neighbor also told the press that Shamsul liked hanging out with his friends, drinking and chatting with them downstairs at the coffee shop or at his flat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/shinmin19931010-1.2.8.11.1 |title=惹兰勿刹冷血命案黑夜杀手勒死钱币商|language=zh|newspaper=新明日报 (Xin Ming Ri Bao)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhwb19931010-1.2.11.9.3 |title=邻居郭福源：死者爱酒如命|language=zh|newspaper=Lianhe Wanbao}}</ref> It was also suspected that a person known to Shamsul was the culprit behind his murder, because there were no signs of a forced entry into Shamsul's flat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/shinmin19931010-1.2.8.11.4 |title=遇害20至24小时凶手可能是熟人|language=zh|newspaper=新明日报 (Xin Ming Ri Bao)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/shinmin19931010-1.2.8.11.3 |title=没有破门迹象也找不到绳子|language=zh|newspaper=新明日报 (Xin Ming Ri Bao)}}</ref>

On 13 October 1993, after four days of investigation, the police arrested a 23-year-old suspect for allegedly killing Shamsul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/shinmin19931013-1.2.11.22 |title=惹兰勿刹命案钱币商惨死嫌凶已被捕|language=zh|newspaper=新明日报 (Xin Ming Ri Bao)}}</ref> The suspect, Jahabar Bagurudeen, who was an Indian citizen and businessman, was charged with murder. He was said to the last person seen with the victim before the killing took place.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19931015-1.2.44.6.2|title=Man charged with murder|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Lianhe Zaobao|date=14 October 1993|title=钱币兑换店职员遇害案警方逮捕一凶嫌|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhzb19931014-1.2.10.14.3|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 October 1993|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhwb19931013-1.2.9.10 |title=印籍青年被控杀害钱币兑换商|language=zh|newspaper=Lianhe Wanbao}}</ref>

==Trial proceedings==
On 30 June 1994, Jahabar Bagurudeen stood trial at the [[High Court of Singapore|High Court]] for one count of murdering Shamsul Hameed by strangulation. Deputy Public Prosecutor (DPP) Ong Hian Sun was the trial prosecutor, and Bagurudeen was represented by veteran criminal lawyer [[Subhas Anandan]] during his trial. Judicial Commissioner Amarjeet Singh was appointed as the trial judge of Bagurudeen's case.

Saminathan Porkkodi, a 19-year-old Indian prostitute, came to court to testify that she witnessed Bagurudeen murdering Shamsul on the night of 8 October 1993. She told the court that she first saw Bagurudeen attacking Shamsul from behind and pulled the victim's gold chain and penchant towards himself to strangle the victim. However, the chain broke due to Bagurudeen using excessive force, and hence he settled on a rope to continue strangling Shamsul until he died.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/newpaper19940712-1.2.16.1|title=I saw the murder|newspaper=The New Paper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/shinmin19940629-1.2.10.10.1 |title=妓女供证揭露亲眼看到嫌凶金链勒死者|language=zh|newspaper=新明日报 (Xin Ming Ri Bao)}}</ref> After which, according to Saminathan, she was instructed by Bagurudeen to retrieve Shamsul's gold valuables while he himself collect items he touched before to prevent leaving behind his fingerprints at the crime scene. Saminathan also testified that Bagurudeen brought her to a hotel in Geylang to book a room, where he instructed Saminathan to lie to the police that she witnessed two Indian men strangling Shamsul to death should the cops arrest her.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/newpaper19940712-1.2.16.3|title=He told me to lie|newspaper=The New Paper}}</ref> Bagurudeen even made arrangements for Saminathan to return to India, but she managed to escape and inform a friend about the murder, and subsequently made a police report, leading to Bagurudeen's arrest when he attended Shamsul's funeral.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhwb19940629-1.2.9.4.2 |title=19岁妓女目睹嫖客被人勒死|language=zh|newspaper=Lianhe Wanbao}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/newpaper19940712-1.2.16.5|title=ARREST|newspaper=The New Paper}}</ref> Items recovered at the crime scene also yielded fingerprints, which matched to Bagurudeen's fingerprints and thus further proved he was present at the scene before the murder.<ref>{{cite news|work=Lianhe Zaobao|date=30 June 1994|title=钱币兑换商遭人勒死目击妓女为控方重要证人被告出席死者葬礼时被捕|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhzb19940630-1.2.16.10|language=zh}}</ref>

Bagurudeen, who elected to give his defense, testified that on the night itself, he and Shamsul gathered at the latter's flat for drinks and they agreed to share one prostitute for the night. But when Saminathan arrived, they argued over sharing her and not only that, Bagurudeen alleged that Shamsul was disrespectful towards him and demanded him to buy food for him, and also insulted Bagurudeen as a "son of a prostitute", which caused Bagurudeen to strangle Shamsul out of uncontrollable anger and loss of self-control.<ref>{{cite news|work=Lianhe Zaobao|date=2 July 1994|title=被告声称无意杀人因遭臭骂想教训死者|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhzb19940702-1.2.26.1.1|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhwb19940701-1.2.11.1.1 |title=死者召妓女不让我分享|language=zh|newspaper=Lianhe Wanbao}}</ref> Bagurudeen's lawyer Subhas Anandan argued that Bagurudeen had lost his self control as a result of provocation induced by the victim's insult and mistreatment towards him in front of the prostitute, which led to Bagurudeen strangling Shamsul in a frenzy and that his charge of murder should be amended to manslaughter, a lesser offence of unlawful killing that warranted either a [[life imprisonment in Singapore|life sentence]] or up to ten years' imprisonment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/newpaper19940712-1.2.16.4|title=QUIET, BUT ANGRY|newspaper=The New Paper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940706-1.2.93|title=Man killed, then told prostitute to lie, court told|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Lianhe Zaobao|date=6 July 1994|title=商人被控谋杀钱币兑换商辩方律师受不了羞辱被告错手勒死对方|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhzb19940706-1.2.19.8|language=zh}}</ref>

In rebuttal, DPP Ong Hian Sun argued that based on the evidence, Bagurudeen attempted to distance himself from the killing and deflect blame from himself, based on the lies he told and whatever lies he instructed Saminathan to convey to the police. He also pointed out that Saminathan testified earlier on that Shamsul never insulted Bagurudeen before the strangulation, and asked that his defense of sudden and grave provocation should be rejected. DPP Ong also cited the forensic evidence which showed that a great amount of force had been exerted by the assailant during the strangulation of Shamsul and there was a large concentration of alcohol in Shamsul's blood, suggesting that Shamsul was drunk and rendered unable to defend himself during the strangulation. DPP Ong also summarize that from the outset, it was clear that Bagurudeen had the intent to cause Shamsul's death and he never done so under a loss of self-control as he claimed, and sought a guilty verdict of murder.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 July 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940707-1.2.33.18|title=Indian businessman gets death sentence for murdering man|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Lianhe Zaobao|date=7 July 1994|title=勒死钱币兑换商商人被判死刑|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhzb19940707-1.2.9.7|language=zh}}</ref>

On 6 July 1994, Judicial Commissioner Amarjeet Singh delivered his verdict. He stated that he accepted the testimony of Saminathan that Bagurudeen had murdered Shamsul, since she was present at the scene of crime but never took part in the murder. The judge also aligned his stance with the prosecution's arguments and thus rejected that Bagurudeen was under sudden and grave provocation when killing the victim, and in turn, rejecting Bagurudeen's claim of having no intention to cause Shamsul's death. Therefore, 24-year-old Jahabar Bagurudeen was found guilty of murder, and [[Capital punishment in Singapore|sentenced to death]]. Under Section 302 of the [[Penal Code (Singapore)|Penal Code]], the death penalty was prescribed as the mandatory punishment for offenders convicted of murder within Singapore's jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhwb19940706-1.2.8.3.1 |title=妓女是本案重要证人谋杀兑换商商人判死刑|language=zh|newspaper=Lianhe Wanbao}}</ref>

==Execution==
After the end of his trial, Bagurudeen [[appeal]]ed against his conviction and sentence, but the [[Court of Appeal of Singapore|Court of Appeal]] rejected his appeal on 24 October 1994.

After the loss of his appeal, Bagurudeen remained on [[death row]] for another eight months before he was scheduled to hang on 2 June 1995. After receiving word of Bagurudeen's death warrant, an international human rights group, known as [[Amnesty International]], submitted a plea to the [[Government of Singapore]] on 30 May 1995, asking the government for presidential clemency in Bagurudeen's case and commute his death sentence to [[life imprisonment in Singapore|life imprisonment]], stating that the death penalty was a violation of one's right to life and was a "cruel and inhumane" punishment, and also weighed in their plea on Bagurudeen's trial defence to seek a reconsideration of Bagurudeen's case. Bagurudeen himself also submitted a personal petition for clemency in a final bid to escape the gallows.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa36/013/1995/en/| title=Singapore: imminent execution: Jahabar Bagurudeen, Indian national, shop assistant; Ismail Bin Sumali|website=Amnesty International}}</ref>

Despite so, then [[President of Singapore]] [[Ong Teng Cheong]] dismissed Bagurudeen's clemency appeal, and on 2 June 1995, 25-year-old Jahabar Bagurudeen was hanged at dawn in [[Changi Prison]] as originally scheduled. On the same date of Bagurudeen's execution, a 45-year-old labourer named Ismail bin Sumali was put to death for trafficking 29.63g of diamorphine.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa36/016/1995/en/| title=Singapore: Further information on imminent execution: Jahabar Bagurudeen, Indian national, shop assistant; Ismail Bin Sumali|website=Amnesty International}}</ref> Ismail, whose clemency plea was also rejected, was found guilty of the said offence in May 1994 and had lost his appeal in September of that same year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940530-1.2.31.19.1|title=Labourer gets death for having 30 g of heroin|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 1994|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940926-1.2.30.15|title=Handphone shows drug trafficker's guilt: Court|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref>

In the aftermath, Singaporean crime show ''[[Crimewatch (Singaporean TV series)|Crimewatch]]'' re-enacted the case and it aired in October 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mewatch.sg/watch/Crimewatch-1996-E8-Murder-of-Moneychanger-Tips-on-how-to-avoid-house-breaks-Soon-Wing-Rd-Murder-Pacific-Plaza-Mur-43738|title=Crimewatch 1996 S1 Ep 8 Murder of Moneychanger / Tips on how to avoid house-breaks / Soon Wing Rd Murder / Pacific Plaza Mur|website=meWATCH|access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 1996|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/newpaper19961025-1.2.24|title=A nose for crime|newspaper=The New Paper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 1996|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhwb19961024-1.2.19.4.1 |title=酒后出口伤人钱币商遭好友勒死|language=zh|newspaper= Lianhe Wanbao }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 October 1996|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhzb19961028-1.2.78.1.5 |title=绳之以法|language=zh|newspaper= Lianhe Zaobao }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 1996|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/shinmin19961024-1.2.12.18.2 |title=杀人后制造不在场证据|language=zh|newspaper=新明日报 (Xin Ming Ri Bao)}}</ref> Besides the murder of Shamsul Hameed, the episode itself also broadcast a public appeal to seek a murder suspect named [[Sim Eng Teck]], who fatally stabbed a businessman outside a shopping mall.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 October 1996|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/lhzb19961027-1.2.18.3 |title=警方欲联络男子调查一起谋杀案|language=zh|newspaper= Lianhe Zaobao }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Capital punishment in Singapore]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Murder in Singapore]]
[[Category:1993 murders in Singapore]]
[[Category:Violence against men in Asia]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by Singapore]]
[[Category:Capital punishment in Singapore]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:Indian people murdered abroad]]
[[Category:Indian people executed abroad]]

Murder of Shamsul Hameed - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Creating a new article