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	'''Munshi Nawal Kishore''' (3 January 1836 – 19 February 1895) was a book publisher from [[India]]. He has been called [[William Caxton\|Caxton]] of India. In 1858, at the age of 22, he founded the [[Nawal Kishore Press]] at [[Lucknow]]. This institution today is the oldest printing and publishing concern in [[Asia]].<ref>Empire of Books, An: The Naval Kishore Press and the Diffusion of the Printed Word in Colonial India, Ulrike Stark, Orient Blackswan, 1 June 2009</ref> [[Mirza Ghalib]] was one of his admirers.		'''Munshi Nawal Kishore''' (3 January 1836 – 19 February 1895) was a [[book publisher]] from [[India]]. He has been called [[William Caxton\|Caxton]] of India. In 1858, at the age of 22, he founded the [[Nawal Kishore Press]] at [[Lucknow]]. This institution today is the oldest printing and publishing concern in [[Asia]].<ref>Empire of Books, An: The Naval Kishore Press and the Diffusion of the Printed Word in Colonial India, Ulrike Stark, Orient Blackswan, 1 June 2009</ref> [[Mirza Ghalib]] was one of his admirers.

	== Biography ==		== Biography ==

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{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Munshi Nawal Kishore
| image = Munshi Nawal Kishore.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1836|1|3}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1895|2|19|1836|1|3}}
| death_place =
| nationality = [[British India]]n
| other_names =
| occupation = Book publisher, magazine editor
| years_active =
| known_for = [[Nawal Kishore Press]]
| notable_works =
}}
'''Munshi Nawal Kishore''' (3 January 1836 – 19 February 1895) was a book publisher from [[India]]. He has been called [[William Caxton|Caxton]] of India. In 1858, at the age of 22, he founded the [[Nawal Kishore Press]] at [[Lucknow]]. This institution today is the oldest printing and publishing concern in [[Asia]].<ref>Empire of Books, An: The Naval Kishore Press and the Diffusion of the Printed Word in Colonial India, Ulrike Stark, Orient Blackswan, 1 June 2009</ref> [[Mirza Ghalib]] was one of his admirers.

== Biography ==
[[File:Munshi Newal Kishore 1970 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Munshi Nawal Kishore on a 1970 stamp of India]]
Munshi Nawal Kishore was the second son of Munshi Jamuna Prasad Bhargava, a [[zamindar]] of [[Aligarh]], and was born on 3 January 1836. At the age of six, he was admitted in a local school ([[Maktab (education)|maktab]]) to learn [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]. At the age on 10, he was admitted in [[Agra College]], but he never completed his education there for an unknown reason. During this time, he developed his interest in journalistic writing, and issued a short-lived weekly paper ''Safeer-e-Agra''. He briefly served as an assistant editor and editor of ''Koh-i-Noor'', a magazine of Koh-i-Noor Press owned by Munshi Harsukh Roy.<ref name="Haider1981">{{cite journal|first=Syed Jalaluddin|last=Haider|title=Munshi Nawal Kishore (1836—1895) : Mirror of Urdu Printing in British India|journal=Libri|volume=31|issue=1|pages=227–237|doi=10.1515/libr.1981.31.1.227|date=January 1981}} {{closed access}}</ref>

On 23 November 1858, he founded a printing press known as Munshi Nawal Kishor Press. From 1859, he started publishing weekly newspaper ''[[Avadh Akhbar]]'', also known as ''Oudh Akhbar''.<ref name="Haider1981"/>

He died on 19 February 1895<ref>{{cite book|author=C. E. Buckland|title=Dictionary of Indian Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_dA0RAwd4oC&pg=PA314|year=1999|volume=2|publisher=COSMO Publications|isbn=978-81-7020-897-6|pages=314–315}}</ref> in [[Delhi]]. His body was buried<ref>Burial of Munshi Newal Kishore [https://www.punjnud.com/Aarticles_detail.aspx?ArticleID=6850&ArticleTitle=Pandit%20Nawal%20Kishore%20Ko%20Kiun%20Dafan%20Kia%20Gaya]</ref> instead of traditional cremation. The [[Government of India]] issued a postage stamp on him in his honour in 1970.<ref name="iStampGallery">{{cite web|title=Munshi Newal Kishore| website=iStampGallery.Com|date=26 January 2015|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/munshi-newal-kishore/| access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref>

Munshi Nawal Kishore published more than 5000 books in Arabic, Bengali, Hindi, English, Marathi, Punjabi, Pashto, Persian, Sanskrit and Urdu during 1858–1885.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://consald.org/sites/default/files/SALNAQ/Issue_29/29_1993_14_RediscMunshi.pdf |title=Rediscovering Munshi Newal Kishore, Committee on South Asian Libraries and Documentation SALNAQ: South Asia Library Notes & Queries, Issue_29, 29_1993_14 |access-date=29 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130013157/http://consald.org/sites/default/files/SALNAQ/Issue_29/29_1993_14_RediscMunshi.pdf |archive-date=30 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Ram Kumar Press and Tej Kumar Press, started by his sons, are successors to the Nawal Kishore Press.

Munshi was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Iranica 2009">{{cite web | title=LITHOGRAPHY ii. IN INDIA – Encyclopaedia Iranica | website=Encyclopædia Iranica | date=15 August 2009 | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/lithography-ii-in-india | access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |chapter=Hindi Publishing in the Heart of an Indo-Persian Cultural Metropolis : Lucknow's Newal Kishore Press (1858–1895) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2N046vzK824C&pg=PA251 |first=Ulrike |last=Stark |title=India's Literary History: Essays on the Nineteenth Century |editor1-first=Stuart H. |editor1-last=Blackburn |editor2-first=Vasudha |editor2-last=Dalmia |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-17824-056-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Nurani|first=Amir Hasan|script-title=ur:سوانح منشى نول كشور |title=Savāniḥ Munshī Navalkishor|trans-title=On the life of Munshi Navalkishor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqsKAAAAIAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library|location=Patna|language=ur|oclc=658143281}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kishore, Munshi Nawal}}
[[Category:Indian book publishers (people)]]
[[Category:1836 births]]
[[Category:1885 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Aligarh]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Munshi Nawal Kishore - Revision history

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