Munisuvrata - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 01:08, 20 June 2022
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			{{short description\|20th Tirthankara of Jainism, in current cycle of Jain cosmology}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2015}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2015}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2015}}
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	\| type = Jain		\| type = Jain
	\| deity_of = Twentieth Jain [[Tirthankara]]		\| deity_of = Twentieth Jain [[Tirthankara]]
	\| image = ~~Shri 1008 Munisuvratnath Bhagwan Statue~~.~~JPG~~		\| image = Rimyjainn.jpg
	\| caption = Shri 1008 ~~Munisuvratnath Bhagwan Statue~~		\| caption = Shri 1008 Idol of Lord Munisuvrata at Nairobi Jain temple, [[Kenya]]
	\| alt = Munisuvratanatha		\| alt = Munisuvratanatha
	\| other_names = Munisuvrata Swami		\| other_names = Munisuvrata Swami
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	== Iconography ==		== Iconography ==
	~~Mahavira~~ is usually depicted in a sitting (or standing) meditative pose, with a ~~lion~~ symbol beneath him;{{sfn\|Umakant P. Shah\|1987\|p=162}} each ''tīrthankara'' has a distinct emblem, which allows worshippers to distinguish similar idols.{{sfn\|Zimmer\|1953\|p=225}} [[Jivantasvami]] represents Munisuvrata as a princely state. The Jina is represented as standing in the kayotsarga pose wearing crown and ornaments.{{sfn\|Umakant P. Shah\|1987\|p=163}}		Munisuvrata is usually depicted in a sitting (or standing) meditative pose, with a tortoise symbol beneath him;{{sfn\|Umakant P. Shah\|1987\|p=162}} each ''tīrthankara'' has a distinct emblem, which allows worshippers to distinguish similar idols.{{sfn\|Zimmer\|1953\|p=225}} [[Jivantasvami]] represents Munisuvrata as a princely state. The Jina is represented as standing in the kayotsarga pose wearing crown and ornaments.{{sfn\|Umakant P. Shah\|1987\|p=163}}

	'''Statue of Purity''' is a {{convert\|151\|ft\|m}} statue dedicated to Munisuvrata under construction in Bhora Kalan, [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite news\| url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/dungarpur/news/rajasthan-news-151-feet-tall-ashtadhatu-statue-of-munisuvrat-bhagwan-to-be-built-in-haryana-081005-5408625.html \| title=हरियाणा में बनेगी मुनिसुव्रत भगवान की 151 फीट ऊंची अष्टधातु की प्रतिमा \| newspaper=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] \| access-date=30 December 2020 \| language=hi}}</ref>		=== Colossal statues ===
			# '''Statue of Purity''' is a {{convert\|151\|ft\|m}} statue dedicated to Munisuvrata under construction in Bhora Kalan, [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite news\| url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/dungarpur/news/rajasthan-news-151-feet-tall-ashtadhatu-statue-of-munisuvrat-bhagwan-to-be-built-in-haryana-081005-5408625.html \| title=हरियाणा में बनेगी मुनिसुव्रत भगवान की 151 फीट ऊंची अष्टधातु की प्रतिमा \| newspaper=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] \| access-date=30 December 2020 \| language=hi}}</ref>
			# A {{convert\|54\|ft\|m}} black stone statue of Munisuvrata was installed in Jainaragutti near [[Adagur]] in the state of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/a-new-jain-pilgrim-centre/article65513615.ece \| title=A new Jain pilgrim centre \| date=19 June 2022 \| newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
			# A {{convert\|27\|ft\|m}} idolf of Munisuvrata is installed near the [[Shantinath Jain Teerth]], [[Maharashtra]].

	<gallery>		<gallery>
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	* {{citation \|last=Tandon \|first=Om Prakash \|title=Jaina Shrines in India \|publisher=Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)\|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]] \|isbn=81-230-1013-3 \|date=2002 \|orig-year=1968 \|edition=1 \|location=[[New Delhi]] }}		* {{citation \|last=Tandon \|first=Om Prakash \|title=Jaina Shrines in India \|publisher=Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)\|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]] \|isbn=81-230-1013-3 \|date=2002 \|orig-year=1968 \|edition=1 \|location=[[New Delhi]] }}
	* {{citation \|last=Tukol \|first=T. K. \|author-link=T. K. Tukol \|title=Compendium of Jainism \|publisher=[[University of Karnataka]] \|year=1980 \|location=[[Dharwad]] }}		* {{citation \|last=Tukol \|first=T. K. \|author-link=T. K. Tukol \|title=Compendium of Jainism \|publisher=[[University of Karnataka]] \|year=1980 \|location=[[Dharwad]] }}
	* {{citation \|last=Zimmer \|first=Heinrich \|author-link=Heinrich Zimmer \|title=Philosophies Of India \|date=1953 \|orig-year=April 1952 \|editor-first=Joseph \|editor-last=Campbell \|editor-link=Joseph Campbell \|publisher=[[Routledge]] & Kegan Paul Ltd \|location=[[London]]~~, E.C. 4~~ \|url=https://archive.org/details/Philosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer \|isbn=978-81-208-0739-6}}		* {{citation \|last=Zimmer \|first=Heinrich \|author-link=Heinrich Zimmer \|title=Philosophies Of India \|date=1953 \|orig-year=April 1952 \|editor-first=Joseph \|editor-last=Campbell \|editor-link=Joseph Campbell \|publisher=[[Routledge]] & Kegan Paul Ltd \|location=[[London]] \|url=https://archive.org/details/Philosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer \|isbn=978-81-208-0739-6}}
	* {{citation \|last=Zvelebil \|first=Kamil \|author-link=Kamil Zvelebil \|title=Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC \|year=1992 \|isbn=90-04-09365-6 \|location=[[Netherlands]] }}		* {{citation \|last=Zvelebil \|first=Kamil \|author-link=Kamil Zvelebil \|title=Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC \|year=1992 \|isbn=90-04-09365-6 \|location=[[Netherlands]] }}

imported>Marcocapelle: removed Category:Hindu saints; added Category:Jain saints using HotCat

2021-05-24T10:17:38Z

removed Category:Hindu saints; added Category:Jain saints using HotCat

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Jain
| deity_of = Twentieth Jain [[Tirthankara]]
| image = Shri 1008 Munisuvratnath Bhagwan Statue.JPG
| caption = Shri 1008 Munisuvratnath Bhagwan Statue
| alt = Munisuvratanatha
| other_names = Munisuvrata Swami
| venerated_in = [[Jainism]]
| symbol = [[Tortoise]]{{sfn|Tandon|2002|p=45}}
| color = [[Black]]
| father = Sumitra
| mother = Padmavati
| height =
| age = 30,000 years
| tree =
| predecessor = [[Mallinatha]]
| successor = [[Naminatha]]
| birth_place = [[Rajgir]]
| moksha_place = [[Shikharji]]
}}

{{Jainism}}
'''Munisuvratanatha''' ({{IAST|Munisuvratanātha}}) was the twentieth [[Tirthankara]] of the present half time cycle (''avasarpini'') in [[Jain cosmology]]. He became a [[siddha]], a liberated soul which has destroyed all of his [[Karma in Jainism|karma]]. Events of the Jaina version of [[Rama in Jainism|Ramayana]] are placed at the time of Munisuvratanatha. ''Munisuvratanatha'' lived for over 30,000 years. His chief apostle ([[Ganadhara|gaṇadhara]]'') was sage ''Malli Svāmi''.

== Legends ==

Munisuvrata was the twentieth ''[[tirthankara]]'' of the present half time cycle (''avasarpini'') in [[Jain cosmology]].{{sfn|Tukol|1980|p=31}} Jain texts like ''padmapurana'' place him as a contemporary of [[Rama]].{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|pp=21-23}}{{sfn|Zvelebil|1992|p=65}} According to Jain texts, ''Munisuvrata'' was born as 54 lakh years passed after the birth of the nineteenth ''tirthankara'', ''Mallinātha''.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=203}} According to Jain beliefs, ''Munisuvrata'' descended from the heaven called ''Ānata kalpa'' on the twelfth day of the bright half of the month of ''Āśvina – āśvina śukla dvādaśi''– to queen ''Padmavati'' and king ''Sumitra''.{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}}{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=203-204}} On the third day of ''[[Shraavana]]'' (month) ''Krishna'' (dark fortnight) according to [[Hindu calendar]], queen Padmavati of [[Rajgir]] saw sixteen [[auspicious dreams]]. When she shared her dreams with her husband, king Sumitra of the Harivamsa clan, he explained that a ''tirthankara'' will be born to them soon. Then, Munisuvrata was born to them on the fifteenth day of the ''Shraavana Shukla'' (bright fortnight) in 1,184,980 BC.{{sfn|Tukol|1980|p=31}}{{sfn|Zimmer|1953|p=226}} His height is mentioned to be 20 bows (60 metres) and complexion as a dark one.{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}}{{sfn|Sarasvati|1970|p=444}}

According to Jain texts, after spending 7,500 years as a youth, Munisuvrata is believed to have ruled his kingdom for 15,000 years (''rājyakāla''). He then renounced all worldly pursuits and became a monk. According to Jain beliefs, he spent 11 months performing karma-destroying austerities and then attained the all-embracing knowledge – Omniscience (''[[kevala jñāna]]'') under a [[Champaka]] tree.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=204}}{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}} He is said to have 18 ''[[ganadhara]]s'' headed by Malli. Puspavati or Puspadatta is believed to be the head-nun of his order.{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}} ''Samayavayanga sutra'', however, names Kumbha and Amila as the head ''ganadhara'' and head nun respectively.{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}}

Munisuvrata is said to have lived for over 30,000 years and attained liberation (''[[Moksha (Jainism)|nirvāña]]'') from [[Sammeda śikhara]] on the twelfth day of the dark half of the month of ''phālguna – phālguna kṛṣna dvādaśi''.{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}}{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=204}} Varuna is mentioned to be his ''[[yaksha]]'' and his yakhsini is named Bahurupini in ''[[Digambara]]'' tradition and Naradatta in ''[[Svetambara]]'' tradition.{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}}

Munisuvrata finds mentions in Jain texts like ''[[Uttarapurana]]'' and ''[[Tiloyapannati]]''.{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}}

== Adoration ==
''Svayambhustotra'' by ''[[Samantabhadra (Jain monk)|Acharya Samantabhadra]]'' is the adoration of twenty-four tirthankaras. Its five slokas ([[aphorism]]s) adore the qualities of ''Munisuvratanātha''.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=138-142}}

{{quote|O Lord ''Munisuvratanātha''! You had attained the excellent observance of the vows of the sages; you are the ascetic supreme, and utterly pristine (having destroyed the inimical karmas). You stood out in the assembly of the sages like the moon in the midst of the constellations of stars.|Svayambhūstotra (20-1-111){{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=138}}}}

An idol of Munisuvrata was installed in 127 AD or 157 AD in the ''Devanirmita stupa'', [[Mathura]].{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=161}}

== Iconography ==
Mahavira is usually depicted in a sitting (or standing) meditative pose, with a lion symbol beneath him;{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=162}} each ''tīrthankara'' has a distinct emblem, which allows worshippers to distinguish similar idols.{{sfn|Zimmer|1953|p=225}} [[Jivantasvami]] represents Munisuvrata as a princely state. The Jina is represented as standing in the kayotsarga pose wearing crown and ornaments.{{sfn|Umakant P. Shah|1987|p=163}}

'''Statue of Purity''' is a {{convert|151|ft|m}} statue dedicated to Munisuvrata under construction in Bhora Kalan, [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/dungarpur/news/rajasthan-news-151-feet-tall-ashtadhatu-statue-of-munisuvrat-bhagwan-to-be-built-in-haryana-081005-5408625.html | title=हरियाणा में बनेगी मुनिसुव्रत भगवान की 151 फीट ऊंची अष्टधातु की प्रतिमा | newspaper=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] | access-date=30 December 2020 | language=hi}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Suvrtrath Statue India.jpg|State Museum Bhopal, 6th century
File:Shri 1008 muni svratnath bhagwan.jpeg|Image of ''Munisuvrata natha'' (Jahazpur district, Bhilwara)
File:Lord Munisuvrat hasteda.jpg|12th Century (1153 AD), hasteda, Rajasthan
File:National Museum - Munisuvrata.jpg|Munisuvrata, 1466 CE, Western India, [[National Museum, New Delhi]]
Shri Munisuvrat Bhagwan Paithan.jpg|Munisuvrata idol at Paithan made of sand
</gallery>

==Main Temples==
*[[Chaturmukha Basadi]] is a famous [[Jain temple]] located at [[Karkala]] in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. The temple is dedicated to ''Tirthankara [[Aranatha]]'', ''[[Māllīnātha]]'' and ''Munisuvrata''.<ref>{{citation |last=Sandhya |first=C D’Souza |title=Chaturmukha Basadi: Four doors to divinity Last updated |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/114327/chaturmukha-basadi-four-doors-divinity.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=19 November 2010 }}</ref>
*[[Santhu#Places_of_interest|Shri Munisuvrata-Nemi-Parshva Jinalaya]] located at [[Santhu]], [[Rajasthan]]
*[[Paithan#Paithan_Jain_Tirth|Paithan Jain Tirth]]

<gallery>
File:Chaturmukha Basadi.jpg|Chaturmukha Basadi
File:Sri_Munisuvrat-Nemi-Parsva_Jinalaya,_Santhu.JPG|Shri Munisuvrata-Nemi-Parshva Jinalaya at Santhu
File:Naulakha Mandir.jpg|Naulakha Mandir, [[Rajgir]]
File:MANDIR NEW PIC(13983).jpg|Hasteda, Jain temple
</gallery>

==See also==
{{commons category}}
*[[God in Jainism]]
*[[Arihant (Jainism)]]
*[[Jainism and non-creationism]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|2}}

===Sources===
* {{citation|last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara |date=2015 |publisher=Vikalp Printers |isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2015}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916101903/https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |archive-date=16 September 2015 }}
* {{citation |last=Sarasvati|first=Swami Dayananda|title=An English translation of the Satyarth Prakash|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hy-vBgAAQBAJ|year=1970|publisher=Swami Dayananda Sarasvati }}
* {{citation |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC |volume=I |date=2004 |orig-year=First published in 1998 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=81-208-1938-1 |ref={{sfnref|Natubhai Shah|2004}} }}
* {{citation |last=Shah |first=Umakant Premanand |author-link=Umakant Premanand Shah |title=Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_y_P4duSXsC |date=1987 |publisher=[[Abhinav Publications]] |isbn=978-81-7017-208-6 |ref={{sfnref|Umakant P. Shah|1987}} }}
* {{citation |last=Tandon |first=Om Prakash |title=Jaina Shrines in India |publisher=Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]] |isbn=81-230-1013-3 |date=2002 |orig-year=1968 |edition=1 |location=[[New Delhi]] }}
* {{citation |last=Tukol |first=T. K. |author-link=T. K. Tukol |title=Compendium of Jainism |publisher=[[University of Karnataka]] |year=1980 |location=[[Dharwad]] }}
* {{citation |last=Zimmer |first=Heinrich |author-link=Heinrich Zimmer |title=Philosophies Of India |date=1953 |orig-year=April 1952 |editor-first=Joseph |editor-last=Campbell |editor-link=Joseph Campbell |publisher=[[Routledge]] & Kegan Paul Ltd |location=[[London]], E.C. 4 |url=https://archive.org/details/Philosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer |isbn=978-81-208-0739-6}}
* {{citation |last=Zvelebil |first=Kamil |author-link=Kamil Zvelebil |title=Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC |year=1992 |isbn=90-04-09365-6 |location=[[Netherlands]] }}

{{Jain Gods}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tirthankaras]]
[[Category:Jain saints]]
[[Category:Jainism in Mithila]]