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	==Other names for municipal corporations==		==Other names for municipal corporations==
	Municipal corporations are referred to by different names in different states (due to regional language variations), all of which are translated to "municipal corporation" in English. These names include ''Nagar Nigam'' (in [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Haryana]]), ''Nagara Nigama'' (in [[Punjab]]), ''Mahanagar Palika'' (in [[Goa]] and [[Maharashtra]]), ''Mahanagara Palike'' (in [[Karnataka]]), ''Mahanagar Seva Sadan'' (in [[Gujarat]]), ''Pouro Nigom'' (in [[Assam]]), ''Pouro Nigam'' (in [[West Bengal]]), ''Pur Porishod'' (in [[Tripura]]), ''Nagar Palika Nigam'' (in [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[~~Madhya Pradesh\|~~Madhya Pradesh]]), ''Nagara Palaka Samstha'' (in [[Andhra Pradesh]], '' Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation'' (in [[Telangana]]), ''Nagara Sabha'' (in [[Kerala]]) and ''Maanagaraatchi'' (in [[Tamil Nadu]]).		Municipal corporations are referred to by different names in different states (due to regional language variations), all of which are translated to "municipal corporation" in English. These names include ''Nagar Nigam'' (in [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Haryana]]), ''Nagara Nigama'' (in [[Punjab]]), ''Mahanagar Palika'' (in [[Goa]] and [[Maharashtra]]), ''Mahanagara Palike'' (in [[Karnataka]]), ''Mahanagar Seva Sadan'' (in [[Gujarat]]), ''Pouro Nigom'' (in [[Assam]]), ''Pouro Nigam'' (in [[West Bengal]]), ''Pur Porishod'' (in [[Tripura]]), ''Nagar Palika Nigam'' (in [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]), ''Nagara Palaka Samstha'' (in [[Andhra Pradesh]], '' Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation'' (in [[Telangana]]), ''Nagara Sabha'' (in [[Kerala]]) and ''Maanagaraatchi'' (in [[Tamil Nadu]]).

	The [[Vadodara Municipal Corporation]] of the city of [[Vadodara]] in [[Gujarat]] is typically called by the name "Vadodara Mahanagar Seva Sadan" and the [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike\|Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation]] of the city of [[Bangalore\|Bengaluru]] in [[Karnataka]] is typically called "Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike". The detailed structure of these urban bodies varies from state to state, as per the laws passed by the state legislatures, but the basic structure and function is almost the same.		The [[Vadodara Municipal Corporation]] of the city of [[Vadodara]] in [[Gujarat]] is typically called by the name "Vadodara Mahanagar Seva Sadan" and the [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike\|Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation]] of the city of [[Bangalore\|Bengaluru]] in [[Karnataka]] is typically called "Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike". The detailed structure of these urban bodies varies from state to state, as per the laws passed by the state legislatures, but the basic structure and function is almost the same.

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2021-11-12T20:04:10Z

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{{short description|Local government in India}}
{{Politics of India}}

A '''municipal corporation''' is a type of [[local government]] in India that administers urban areas with a population of more than one million. The growing population and urbanization in various cities of India highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that can provide necessary community services such as health care, education, housing, and transport by collecting property tax in addition to grants from the [[State governments of India|state government]].

The [[Seventy-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India|74th Amendment Act]] laid down the type of formations of urban local governments and their activities.<ref name="74th Amendment">{{cite web|url = https://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/74amend.pdf | title =74th Amendment Act}}</ref>

==Other names for municipal corporations==
Municipal corporations are referred to by different names in different states (due to regional language variations), all of which are translated to "municipal corporation" in English. These names include ''Nagar Nigam'' (in [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Haryana]]), ''Nagara Nigama'' (in [[Punjab]]), ''Mahanagar Palika'' (in [[Goa]] and [[Maharashtra]]), ''Mahanagara Palike'' (in [[Karnataka]]), ''Mahanagar Seva Sadan'' (in [[Gujarat]]), ''Pouro Nigom'' (in [[Assam]]), ''Pouro Nigam'' (in [[West Bengal]]), ''Pur Porishod'' (in [[Tripura]]), ''Nagar Palika Nigam'' (in [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]), ''Nagara Palaka Samstha'' (in [[Andhra Pradesh]], '' Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation'' (in [[Telangana]]), ''Nagara Sabha'' (in [[Kerala]]) and ''Maanagaraatchi'' (in [[Tamil Nadu]]).

The [[Vadodara Municipal Corporation]] of the city of [[Vadodara]] in [[Gujarat]] is typically called by the name "Vadodara Mahanagar Seva Sadan" and the [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike|Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation]] of the city of [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] in [[Karnataka]] is typically called "Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike". The detailed structure of these urban bodies varies from state to state, as per the laws passed by the state legislatures, but the basic structure and function is almost the same.

==Composition==
[[File:Administrative structure of India.svg|thumb|right|Administrative structure of India|500px]]
The area administered by a municipal corporation is known as a municipal area. Each municipal area is divided into territorial constituencies known as wards. A municipal corporation is made up of a wards committee. Each ward has one seat in the wards committee. Members are elected to the wards committee on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. These members are known as councillors or corporators. The number of wards in a municipal area is determined by the population of the city. Some seats are reserved for [[scheduled castes]], [[scheduled tribes]], [[backward classes]] and women.<ref name="74th Amendment"/>

A state can choose to constitute additional committees to carry functions of urban local governance, in addition to the wards committees. In addition to the councillors elected from the wards, the legislature of a state may also choose to make provisions for the representation of persons having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration, the MPs or MLAs representing the constituencies which comprise wholly or partly the municipal area, and/or the commissioners of additional committees that the state may have constituted. If a state legislature appoints a person from the first category to a wards committee, that individual will not have the right to vote in the meetings of the municipal corporation, while MPs, MLAs and commissioners do have the right to vote in meetings.<ref name="74th Amendment"/>

==Superlatives==
The largest corporations are in the fourteen major metropolitan cities of India, viz. [[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Chennai]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Pune]], [[Kanpur]], [[Lucknow]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Surat]], [[Jaipur]],
[[Indore]], [[Bhubaneswar]] and [[Nagpur]]. The [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) of the city of [[Mumbai]] in [[Maharashtra]] is the richest municipal corporation in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/bmc-to-open-green-channel-for-octroi/214127/ |title=BMC to open green channel for octroi |publisher=Financialexpress.com |date=2007-09-03 |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/15/20100720201007200513356955a0576d5/Gold--beautiful.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120903164108/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/15/20100720201007200513356955a0576d5/Gold--beautiful.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-03 |title=Gold & beautiful, News - Cover Story |publisher=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=2010-07-21 }}</ref> [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] of the city of [[Chennai]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] is the oldest municipal corporation in India and second oldest municipal corporation in the world only behind [[City of London Corporation]] in United Kingdom.

==Administration==
The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation, but in most [[states and territories of India]] the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]. The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the Corporation meeting as well as ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city. As per the amended Municipal Corporation Act of 1888, a Deputy Mayor is appointed by the Mayor. The tenure of the Mayor and Deputy Mayor is five years. However, in seven states; [[Bihar]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]]; Mayors are directly elected by the people and thus hold the executive powers of the municipal corporations.

Executive officers monitor the implementation of all the programs related to planning and development of the corporation with the coordination of mayor and councilors.

==Functions==
The Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution lists the subjects that municipal corporations are responsible for. Corporations may be entrusted to perform functions and implement schemes including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.<ref name="74th Amendment"/>

* Urban planning including town planning.
* Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings.
* Planning for economic and social development.
* Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
* Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.
* Fire services.
* Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects.
* Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally disabled
* Slum improvement and upgradation.
* Repair street lights
* Urban poverty alleviation.
* Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds.
* Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.
* Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds and electric crematoriums.
* Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals.
* Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.
* Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences.
* Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries<ref name="74th Amendment"/>

==Sources of revenue==

* Water supply bills
* Property taxes
* Rents from municipal corporation-owned markets, houses, plazas, etc.
* Taxes from commercial vehicles registered in the city
* Grants provided by the respective state governments.

==Municipal corporation headquarters of major metropolitan cities==
<gallery>
File:Ripon Building panorama.jpg|[[Greater Chennai Corporation]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], Oldest corporation in [[India]] and second oldest corporation in the world after [[City of London]]
File:Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation mumbai.jpg|[[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
File:MCD HQ.jpg|[[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]
File:GHMC Main Building.jpg|[[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
File: Kolkata Municipal Corporation - Kolkata 2013-04-15 6065.JPG|[[Calcutta Municipal Corporation]], [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]]
File:Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike.jpg|[[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]]
File:Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.jpg|[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]
File:Pune Municipal Corporation.jpg|[[Pune Municipal Corporation]], [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]
File:Jaipur Municipal Corporation.jpg|[[Jaipur Municipal Corporation]], [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]]
File:Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation.jpg|[[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
File:Nagpur Municipal Corporation.jpg|[[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]], [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]

</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of municipal corporations of India]]
* [[Municipal governance in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Local government in India}}

[[Category:Local government in India]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in India| ]]

Municipal corporation (India) - Revision history

Amit raj: brief improve lead for consistency and cleaned formatting per sources

CleanupBot: /* Other names for municipal corporations */clean up

->Woodlot: spelling